定语从句关系词选定

定语从句关系词选定1,that,which,who,whom,whose,where,when,why分别的使用场合各种关系代词的使用方法a）关系代词who的用法who的前行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom:（介词+whom）Thisistheteacherwhoteachesusmathematics.Sheisthegirlwho（whom）Imetattheparty.（可以替代）Sheisthegirlwhom（who）Iwenttherewith.（可以替代）SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.（不可替代）who,that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:.先行词是one,ones,anyone的时候宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedontpleaseme.onttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtnttoknowit.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized..先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere..当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinese..一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.b）关系代词whose的用法whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于ofwhich.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Illcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.Whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow?(Whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow)Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.(Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred)c)关系代词that的用法首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that,另外介词后边也不可用that,而是跟which.在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物的时候，一般可以通用。Themoneythat(which)isinthewalletismine.有些情况下，只宜用that,而不宜用whichi.先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.ii.先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候Heisthelastperson(that)Iwanttosee.ItisthefirstmericanmovieofthiskindthatIveeverseen.iii.主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraixedatthemeeting?iv.先行词既有人又有物，宜用thatDoyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.v.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.ehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.vi.先行词前面Only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰的时候Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.vii.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.d）关系代词which的用法在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不宜用that.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.在限定性定语从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用which而不用thati.关系代词前面有介词的时候Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.ii.如果有两个定语从句，其中的一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。2关系代词与介词，关系代词的省略a)关系代词和介词介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词短语只能用which代物，和用whom代人Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.IwanttofindtheverypenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.当介词放在句子的末尾时，可用that/which代物，that/whom/who来作为介词的宾语，且这个做介词宾语的关系代词往往忽略Thisistheherothat(who/whom/忽略)weareproudof.b)关系代词的省略首先注意只有限定性定语从句才能省略，非限定性定语从句绝对不能省略。在下列情况下，可以省略关系代词。.当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语的时候Thepeople(who)wemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous..关系代词在从句中作介词，而介词在句尾时Hereistheman(that)youhavebeenlookingfor..关系代词在从句中作表语时ShangHaiisnolongerthecity(that)itusedtobe..在therebe句型中，和先行词为way时，关系代词总是省略Thereisanoldman(who)wantstoseeyou.Idontliketheway(that)youtalktosomebodyelse.注意，有些动曲介词所组成的短语动词，关系非常紧密，介词不能前置定语从句注意事项oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数型动词the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数型动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.What不能用于定语从句中。as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。先行词和关系词二合一Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.(Whoever可以用anyonewho代替)2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.(what可以用allthat代替)what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever1)what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如：Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。who=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewho。例如：(错)Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.(错)Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.(对)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪