单台仪表的校准和试验方案(中英)

单台仪表的校准和试验方案(中英)单台仪表的校准和试验方案(中英)单台仪表的校准和试验方案(中英)单台仪表的校准和试验方案(中英)编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:单台仪表的校准和试验方案1、编制说明：、单台仪表的校准和试验传统称为一次调校，即仪表安装前的校验，它是在规定条件下，为确定测量仪器仪表或测量系统的示值、实物量具或标准物质所代表的值与相对应的由参考标准确定的量值之间关系的一组操作。其目的是：检查计分表在运输途中有无损伤；核对仪表的规格型号及功能是否符合设计文件的要求；仪表的精密度是否符合制造厂技术文件的规定。因此，它是一项技术含量高，工作要求细，范围比较广的工作。这一工作质量的好坏，将直接影响系统试验和装置的产品质量及运行安全，对评价仪表工程的施工质量具重大影响。为了保证单台仪表的校准和试验质量，特编制此方案。、由于工业自动化仪表工业发展很快，新技术、新产品不断出现，故单台仪表校准试验工作涉及面极广，作为方案不可能面面具到。有关DCS、PLC系统试验前的功能测试和一些辅助仪表的校准，本方案不再阐述，常规仪表也只能以常见仪表为例阐述，特此说明。2、编制依据：、工程承包合同或协议（具体到文号）。、仪表设计施工图及其它设计文件。、仪表制造厂提供的技术文件。、国家现行《自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范》及其验评标准。、根据该项目的施工组织设计编制的《仪表工程施工进度计划》。、公司质量体系文件。、化学工业计量检定人员管理办法。3、工程概况：、工程特点（含工程名称、范围、地点、规模、特点、主要技术参数、主要实物工程量、工期要求及投资等）。、工程量。（见下表）仪表设备分类统计表（样表）序号仪表设备名称单位数量备注1温度仪表包括：①、双金属温度计支②、压力式温度计支③、热电偶支④、热电阻支⑤、温度变送器台⑥、盘装温度仪表台2压力仪表包括：①、②、③、3流量仪表包括：①、②、③、4物位仪表包括：①、②、③、5成份仪表包括：①、6调节仪表包括：①、7旋转机械量仪表8执行器4、仪表校准、试验的程序：（见程序图）GeneralProceduresforSingleInstrumentationCalibrationandTesting(refertothefollowingprograms):单台仪表校准、试验程序图核对仪表选型是否满足工艺要求核对仪表选型是否满足工艺要求核对设备汇总表与明细表是否吻合配置合格的计量器具设置合格的计量器具室设置合格的校准间编制必要的仪表搬运、贮存方案仪表设备出库开箱验收熟悉制造厂技术文件入现场设备库（建帐、标位号）编制单台仪表校准试验方案技术交底作原始状态和调整过程记录填写校验成绩单通知供货方退货制造厂现场服务标识、隔离收资料员存档熟悉图纸贴“产品合格”标识防护NYNYNYNNYToverifywhetherthesumequipmentlistmeetsubdrawingsDeployqualifiedmeteringdevicesDeployqualifiedmeteringroomsDeployqualifiedcalibrationroomsroomsPrepareinstrumenthandlingandstorageschemesTotakeoutinstrumentationfromthewarehouseFamiliarwithvendorsdoc.Enteringjobsiteequipmentwarehouse(Accountcreationandlabelmarking)ToprepareInst.Calib.SchemeTechnicalinductionTorecordoriginal&adjustingprocessstatusTofillincalibrationrecordsheetToinformthevendorsatonceTore-supplyVendor’sjobsiteserviceMarking&SegregationArchivescreationbydocumenterTostick“ProductQualified”labelInstrumentsprotectionmeasureNYYNToverifywhetherthedesignedinstrumentmeettheprocessrequirements要求Familiarwithconstructiondrawings5、校准、试验方法及质量要求：CalibrationandTestingMethodologyandtheQualityRequirement:、一般规定：GeneralRegulationsandRequirements:、试验环境条件：Conditions：仪表的校准和试验（不含执行器）应在试验室内进行。试验室应具备下列条件：Thecalibrationandtestingworksforinstrumentations(excludingactuatingdevices)shallbeexecutedinthedesignatedcleanlaboratoryrooms.Thelaboratoryroomsshallmeetfollowingconditions:室内清洁、安静，光线充足，无振动，无对仪表及线路的电磁场干扰。Thelaboratoryroomsshallbeclean,quite,sunlightabundant,withoutvibration,withoutelectronicandmagneticinterferenceforinstrument.室内温度保持在10~35℃。Theambienttemperatureshallbearound10~35℃.电源电压稳定，交流电源及60V以上的直流电源电压波动不应超过±10%。60V以下的直流电源电压波动不应超过±5%。Thepowersupplyshouldbestable,thevoltagewavesforalternativecurrentpoweranddirectcurrentpowerabove60voltsshouldnotmorethan±10%,fordirectcurrentpowerbelow60voltsshouldnotmorethan±5%.d、气源应清洁、干燥，露点比最低环境温度低10℃以上，气源压力稳定，调压设施完备。Airsourceshouldbeclean,dry,withstableairpressureandwellestablishedregulators.Thedewpointshouldbelower10℃thanthelowestambienttemperature.、仪表校准和试验用的标准仪器仪表，应具备有效的计量检定合格证明，其基本误差的绝对值不宜超过被校准仪表基本误差绝对值的1/3。 Thestandardinstrumentsandmetersforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallhaveeffectivemeteringcertificateofconformance.Theabsolutevalueforbasicerrorsshouldnotbemorethanone-thirdoftheabsolutevaluesforbasicerrorsofthecalibratedinstrumentations、仪表校准和试验的条件、项目、方法应符合制造厂技术文件的规定和设计文件要求，并应使用制造厂已提供的专用工具和试验设备。 Theconditions,items,methodsforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallfullymeetthetechnicalregulationsofvendorsandthedesigndocumentations,andthespecialtoolsandtestingdevicesprovidedbyvendorsshallbeutilized、从事校准和试验工作的人员，应具备相应的资质和省级以上化工主管部门颁发的检定证件，并能熟练地掌握试验项目的操作技能，正确使用、维护所用计量器具。 Thestaffsandpersonnelforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallbequalifiedwithcorrespondingcertification,havecalibrationandtestingcertificateissuedbyprovincialgovernmentdepartmentinchargeofpetro-chemicalindustry,beproficientinoperationskillsfortestingitems,properlyuseandmaintainthemeteringdevices、单台仪表校准点应在全量程范围内均匀选取，一般不应少于5点。 Thecalibrationpointsshallbeevenlyselectedwithinfullrangescope,generallytheselectedpointsshallnotbelessthanfivepoints、仪表校准和试验前应对仪表进行外观检查，其内容应包括： Appearanceinspectionforallinstrumentationsshallbeexecutedbeforecalibrationandtesting仪表的型号、规格、材质、防爆级别等应符合设计文件要求。Type,specification,materialandexplode-proofclassshouldbeaccordedwithdesignrequirement.无变形、损伤、油漆脱落、零件丢失等缺陷，外形主要尺寸、连接螺纹符合设计要求。Withoutdisfigurementsuchasshapedamage,paintingcoatdamage,accessoriesbeloseetc.Mainsizeofshapeandconnectingscrewthreadshouldbeaccordedwithdesignrequirement.铭牌标志、附件、备件齐全。Nameplate,accessoriesandsparepartarewhole.产品技术文件和质量证明书齐全。Techno-fileandquantitycertificatearewhole.仪表经校准和试验后，应达到下列要求： Theinstrumentationsaftercalibrationandtestingshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:基本误差、回差应符合仪表的允许误差Basicerrors,returnerrorsshallwithintheallowanceerrorsofinstrumentations.仪表零位正确，偏差值不超过允许误差的1/2。 Zeropointofinstrumentsshallbeaccurate.Thediscrepancyvaluesshallnotexceedone-secondoftheallowableerrors.报警、联锁设定偏差不超过仪表允许误差，其设定值符合设计文件要求。 Thedeviationvaluesforalarmandinterlocksettingvaluesshallnotexceedtheallowableerrors.Therelatedsettingvaluesshallmeetthedesigndocumentations.指针在整个行程中无抖动、摩擦和跳动现象。 Duringallmeterrangethepointersofinstrumentationshouldbestablewithoutvibration,frictionandjumping.可调部件应留有再调整的余地。Theadjustablecomponentsshallhavesomeadjustableareaandspace.数字显示仪表无闪烁现象。Noflashingappearancefordigitalindicationinstrumentsshalloccur.记录仪表划线或打字应清晰，记录纸移动正常。记录误差符合仪表精度要求 Thelineationrecordsortypingshouldbeclearandreadable,themovementsforpapersofrecordersshallbeinnormalconditions.Alloftheerrorsofrecordedvaluesshallmeettheaccuracyrequirementsofinstrument.、仪表校准试验后，应及时填写校验记录，并要求数据真实、项目齐全、字迹清晰、签字完备，并在表体明显位置贴上“产品合格”标识和标注位号。Thecalibrationrecordsshallbefilledinontimeaftercalibrationandtesting.Therecordeddatashouldbegenuine,withfullitems,explicithandwritings,completedsignatures.Aftertesting,the“producteligible”labelsshallbestuckontheinstrumentbodies,andtagnumbersalsoshallbemarked、校准合格的仪表应按公司物质贮存程序的有关要求妥善保管。经调整不合格的仪表应通报设备计划员和工号工程师会同监理、业主等有关人员检查、确认后，退库处理。 ThequalifiedinstrumentsshallbewellstoredandprotectedasperELECO’sMaterial&EquipmentStorageProcedure.Unqualifiedinstrumentsshallbereportedtoequipmentplanner,fieldengineer,managementsuperviser,andclient,aftertheirinspectionandconfirmationtheinstrumentsshallbesentbacktowarehouseandbeproperlydealedwith.、温度仪表：TemperatureInstrumentation:、双金属温度计、压力式温度计应进行示值校准，一般校验点不少于两点。 Thebimetalandpressuretypethermometersshallbecalibratedasperdisplayedvalues,generallythetestingpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints如被校仪表已指示环境温度，可将环境温度当作一个校准点，另取一个点即可。在二个校准点中，若有一点不合格，则应判被校表不合格。该试验的操作要点是将温包或双金属温度计的感温元件与标准水银温度计的感温液置于同一环境温度中，注意控制被测介质温度的变化缓慢而均匀。Ifthetestinginstrumentshowstheambienttemperature,theambienttemperatureshallbeselectedasonecalibrationpoint,thenanothertemperaturepointcanbeselectedatyourease.Forthetwoselectedpoints,ifanyoneofthemcannotmeettheaccuracyrequirements,thisinstrumentshallbejudgedunqualified.Theoperationessentialsforthiscalibrationaretomaintainthethermobulbsorthetemperatureelementsandthestandardmerculythermometeratthesameenvironmentaltemperature.Becareoftokeepthetestingmediatemperaturechangeslowlyandevenly.如多支双金属温度计或压力式温度计同时校准，应按正、反顺序检测两次，取其平均值。Ifseveralbimetalorpressuretypethermometersarecalibratedsimultaneously,calibrationprocessshallbetwiceasperpositiveandnegativesequences,theaveragevaluescouldbeprocured.、热电偶、热电阻应作导通和绝缘检查，并应进行常温下mv、电阻测试，一般不再进行热电性能试验。 Conductivecontinuityandinsulationtestsshallbeundertakenandmv-potentialandresistancetestingatambienttemperatureshallbedone.Generally,thermo-electricalcharacteristictestingwillnotbeexecutedforthermometersthemselves.如业主坚持对装置中主要检测点和有特殊要求的检测点的热电偶、热电阻进行热电性能试验，原则上不超过总量的10%。Iftheclientrequirestoexecutethermo-electricalcharacteristictestingforimportantandspecificmeasuringpointsofthermocoupleandresistancetemperaturediode,theamountoftestingshouldnotexceedtenpercentofgross.热电偶、热电阻热电特性的允许误差分别见表1、表2。Allowableerrorofthermocoupleandresistancecharacteristicisflowingtable1and2常用热电偶允许误差表表一： AllowableerrorofgeneralthermocoupleTable1分度号graduationnumber级别class使用温度范围（℃）rangeofusingtemperature允许偏差（℃）allowableerror技术标准号standardcodeSⅠ0~1100±1JJG141-831100~1600±[1+(t-1100)×]Ⅱ0~600±600~1600±%tKⅠ-40~1100±℃或±%tGB2614-85Ⅱ-40~1300±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tEⅠ-40~800±或±%tGB4993-85Ⅱ-40~900±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tTⅠ-40~350±或±%tGB2903-82Ⅱ-40~350±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tJⅠ-40~750±或±%tGB4994-85Ⅱ-40~750±或±%t注：①、t为被测温度；②、允许偏差以℃或实际温度的百分数表示，应采用其中计算数值较大的值（分度号为S的热电偶除外）。Note：①、tistemperaturebemeasured；②、Allowableerrorisdenotebymeansof℃orpercentofpracticalityrealtemperature（exceptforthermocouplewhichgraduationnumberisS）常用热电阻允许误差值Allowableerrorofgeneralresistance表二：table2名称name级别class分度号R0（Ω）允许误差（℃）allowableerror铂热电阻resistancemadeofplatinumA级ClassAPt1010±+|t|)Pt100100±+|t|)B级ClassBPt1010±+|t|)Pt100100±+|t|)铜热电阻resistancemadeofcopperCu5050±+|t|)Cu100100±+|t|)注：①、R0为0℃时的标准电阻；②、t为被测温度；Note：①、R0isstandardresistancevalueatthetemperatureis0℃②、tisthetemperaturethatbemeasured、动圈仪表的校验应符合下列规定：Testofwind-movedinstrumentshouldbeaccordedwithflowingrequirementa、仪表的试验项目应包括：示值基本误差、回差、倾斜误差、设定点偏差。配热电偶的动圈仪表还应进行“断偶保护”试验。Testingitemincludebasicerror,returnerror,gradienterror,settingvalueerror.Thewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocoupleshouldbetestedthatdisconnectthermocouple.b、配热电偶的动圈校验时，在测量回路中应加仪表规定外阻±Ω的外接电阻，配热电阻的动圈仪表应做三个外接电阻同增同减的示值误差试验。如附加误差很小，经业主同意可取消外接电阻，但校准时从标准电阻箱到仪表的连接应选用同截面、同长度的多股铜芯塑料线。Connecttheallowableresistancethatitserroris±Ωintestingloopwhentestforthewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocouple,andtestfor3times.Disconnecttheexcessresistanceapprovedbyowneriftheerrorisverysmall,butmulticopper-coreplasticwirewhichsamesectionareaandsamelengthshouldbeusedwherestandardresistanceboxtoinstrument.c、倾斜误差试验在上限值、下限值两个刻度线上进行，但对有前置放大器的仪表，可在量程的10%、90%两点附近进行。倾斜角度为50~100，倾斜方向为前、后、左、右四个方向，倾斜误差要求不太于仪表允许误差。Testofgradienterroratmin.valueandmax.value,andtestatabout10%and90%rangefortheinstrumentmountedpreamplifier.Gradientangleis50~100anddirectionisfront,behind,left,andright,theerrordon’tbiggerthanallowance.设定点偏差试验应在相当于标尺弧长的10%、50%、90%附近的刻度线上进行，也可以根据设计提供的联锁、报警值试验。设定点偏差应不大于仪表的允许误差。Testofsettingvalueerroratabout10%、50%、and90%ofstaffguagearc-length,andalsoatinterlockvalueandalarmvaluethatprovidedbydesign.theerrordon’tbiggerthanallowance.、数字温度指示调节仪：figuretemperatureshowregulator仪表的试验项目应包括：指示基本误差、稳定度误差、设定点误差及PID特性试验等。Testingitemincludebasicerror,stabilizationerror,settingvalueerrorandPIDcharacteristictestetc.指示基本误差试验宜采用输入基准法校准，但需重复试验两次，取其最大差值作为被校仪表在该点的误差。Testfordisplaybasicerrorbymeansofinputbenchmarkandtakebiggervalueaserroratthevalueofthetestedinstrumentaftertestfortwotimes.仪表稳定度试验包括显示波动量和示值漂移量的测定，做为评价仪表品质的参数，一般仪表显示波动量不得大于其分辨力，1小时内示值漂移量不得大于仪表允许误差的1/4。Testofstabilizationincludemeasurethedisplayfluctuantvalueandshowvalueexcursion.Thedisplayfluctuantvaluenotbiggerthandistinguishandshowvalueexcursionnotbiggerthan25%ofallowableerrorinonehour.带调节功能的仪表，应在量程的10%、50%、90%附近，试验校准设定点偏差及比例积分微分功能检定，设定点的偏差应不大于仪表允许误差，实际比例带应在刻度值的±25%的范围内，积分时间固定的仪表，实际积分时间应在（1±）Ti范围内。积分微分时间可调的仪表，实际积分微分时间与积分微分时间刻度值的允许偏差为±50%。TestforsettingvalueerrorandPIDfunctionshouldatabout10%,50%,and90%ofrangewhentestforinstrumentwithadjustfunction.Thesettingvalueerrornotbiggerthanallowance,andrealproportionrangeshouldin±25%ofscale.Therealintegraltimeshouldin（1±）Tirangefortheinstrumentthatintegraltimeissettled.TherealIDtimeallowableerroris±50%rangeofscalefortheinstrumentthatIDtimeisbeadjusted.、温度变送器：TemperatureTransmitter:a、按照仪表铭牌标志的输入、输出信号范围和类型进行输入、输出特性的校准和试验，其校准接线方法应符合制造厂技术文件要求。Thecalibrationandtestingofinputandoutputsignalrangesandstylesfortemperaturetransmittersshallbeexecutedaspertheinstrumentnameplatemarks.Thecalibration,testingandterminationmethodologyshallmeetvendorstechnicaldocumentations’requirements.b、与感温元件一体化的温变校准和试验时，应断开感温元件，并由此输入模拟信号。DisconnectthesensorelementandinputanalogsignalswhentestforthesensorintegrativewithtemperatureTransmitter:、电子电位差及电子平衡电桥：Electricalpotentiometerandelectricalbalancebridge检查仪表可动部分，并向同步电机、可逆电机、减速箱、切换开关和各轴承注油。Inspecttheinstrumentmovabilitypart,andfillingoiltosynchronousmotor,contradictorilymotor,speed-downbox,changerswitchandbearing.给仪表通电30分钟后，调整仪表的灵敏度，致使指针摆动两个半周期后稳定，然后，进行刻度校准试验。Atfirst,poweroninstrumentfor30minutes,adjustdelicacyinordertomakefingertostabilizationafterfingerswingtwoandhalfcyclethenadjustscale多点仪表应调整至数码或颜色与切换开关和接线端子的编号一致。Numbercodeorcolorsamewithnumbercodeofchangerswitchandterminalformulti-pointinstrument、压力仪表：PressureInstrumentation:、弹簧压力表的校准：CalibrationforSpringPressureGauge:一般弹簧压力表的校准宜用活塞压力计加压，被试仪表应与标准压力表或标准砝码相比较。当使用砝码时，应在砝码旋转的情况下读数。Generallypistonpressuretestingbenchandgaugeshallbeutilizedforcalibrationforspringpressuregauges.Thetesting,standardpressuregaugeandstandardweightsshallbecompared.Thereadingnumbersshallbeprocuredduringfreerotationstatusofstandardweights.b、校验真空压力表时，应用真空泵产生负压，被校表与标准真空表或标准液柱压力计比较。Forvacuumpressuregauges,minuspressureshallbeproducedwithvacuumpump,thecalibratedgaugesshallbecomparedwiththestandardvacuumgaugeorstandardcolumnmanometer.禁油压力表校验时，严禁压力表与油接触，满量程小于的仪表校准宜采用气压，而满量程大于的仪表校准，应加装油、水隔离器，其结构如图所示：Itisprohibitthatpressuregaugestouchoilwhentestforoil-preventpressuregauges.Airpressureshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangelessthan,Oil/waterseparatorshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangebiggerthan,thestructureofseparatorisflowingdrawing油油水压力计接头视被校表连接螺纹而定接氧用表M20×接活塞式压力计200100真空压力表的压力部分的校验点不应少于三点，其中真空部分的校验点不少于两点，但压力部分测量上限值超过时，真空部分可只校一点。 Thecalibrationpointsforpressurerangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthanthreepoints,thecalibrationpointsforvacuumrangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Ifthehighlimitvaluesofpressurerangespanexceedmega-pascals,onecalibrationpointcouldbetestedforvacuumrangespan.e、弹簧压力表校准过程中如需启封调整，校准合格的仪表应重新铅封。Iftheleadsealingneedtoberemovedduringcalibrationprocessforspringpressuregauges,newleadsealingneedtobeaddedafterinstrumentationcalibrationwhichmeetrequirements.、微压计在指值校准前应先进行倾斜误差试验（倾斜角度为50）和机械零位调整。Tilterrortesting,fivedegreesangleofinclinationandmechanicalzeropointadjustingformicromanometersbeforedisplaycalibrationandtestingshallbeexecuted.、电动压力变送器（电Ⅲ型）：ElectronicPressureTransmitter(style-Ⅲ)：a、基本误差（允许误差），回差的调校按下图配线、配气，并通电预热不少于15分钟，Calibrationandtestingforfundamentalerrorsorallowableerrorsandreturnerrorsshallbeterminated,suppliedwithair,poweredandperheadednotlessthanfifteenminutes(seefollowingdrawing).数字电压表（级）数字电压表（级）250Ω250Ω电阻级压力信号发生器手持通讯机级压力变送器24VDC24VDC电源Portable(smart)Portable(smart)CommunicatorPressuresignalgeneratorDigitalVoltageMeter）250ΩResistance24VDCPowerSupplyPressureXTR.b基本误差校准前应先调好零点和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五点校准。Zeropointandspanadjustmentshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenevenlyascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertakensequentially.c、智能变送器的单台仪表校准试验，当采用模拟信号法校准后，还通过手持通讯器试验其操作功能Forcalibrationandtestingofsinglesmarttransmitter,functionaltestingwithportarblecommunicatorshallbeundertakenaftercalibrationofanalogsignalmethodd、变送器应进行气密性检查，将额定工作压力加入变送器测量室，再切断压力源，用压力表观察气密性。在前10分钟内允许压力值稍有变动，在后5分钟内压力下降不得超过额定工作压力的2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressureairintosensingandmeasuringchamberoftransmitter,thenswitchoffpressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclinationshallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.、气动压力变送器：Airpressuretransmittera、基本误差校准前应先调好零点和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五点校准。Adjustmentofzeropointandspanshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertaken.b、变送器应进行气密性检查，将额定工作压力加入变送器测量室，再切断压力源，用压力表观察气密性。在前10分钟内允许压力值稍有变动，在后5分钟内压力下降不得超过额定工作压力的2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressureintosensingandmeasuringchamberoftransmitter,thenswitchoffpressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclinationshallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.变送器的输出信号由0~，级的标准压力表或0~2Mpa，级的数字压力表检测。Outputsignaloftransmittershouldbemonitoredby0~，classstandardpressuregaugeor0~2Mpa，classfigurepressuregauge.、压力开关：Pressureswith根据《仪表设备规格书》查出被试仪表的动作整定值。Switchingsetpointsforpressureswitchesshallbecheckedasperdesignedspecificationofinstrumentation.b、选用适当的压力信号源向被试表加压，并用量程适当的标准压力计检测信号压力，用万用表测量接点的通、断状态。Suitablepressuresignalsourceshallbeconnectedwiththetestinginstruments,thenstandardmanometerwithsuitablerangeshallbeusedtomeasuresignalpressure,itsconnectionandunconnectionstatusshallbemeasuredviamultimeter.高报开关，应从低向高缓慢升压，观察万用表，当万用表指示突变时，标准压力表的示值即高报值；再缓慢下降压力。当万用表指示再次突变时，标准压力表的示值即复位值。Forhighlimitalarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgradually,examinewithmultimeter.Whilethemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbehighlimitalarm.Thendecreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.d、对低报开关，应先将试验压力升至设定值以上，再缓慢下降，当万用表指示突变时，标准压力表的示值即低报值；再缓慢加压，当万用表指示再次突变时，标准压力表的示值即复位值Forlowlimitalarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgraduallyabovesetpointvalue,thendecreaseslowlyandexaminewithmultimeter.Whilethemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbelowlimitalarm.Thenincreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.、流量仪表：FlowInstrumentation:、差压变送器：DifferentialPressureTransmitter:仪表差压范围应以《孔板计算书》为准。ThedifferentialpressurerangeforinstrumentshallbeverifiedasperOrificeCalculationSheet.校准试验项目含基本误差、回程误差和测量室的密封检查。Standardcalibrationitemsshallincludebasicerrors,returnerrorsandsealinginspectionofsensingchambers.校准方法，电动差压变送器同电动压力变送器，气动差压变送器同气动压力变送器。Calibrationmethodshallbeasfollows:electronicdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaselectronicpressuretransmitters,pneumaticdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaspneumaticpressuretransmitters.、转子流量计、电磁流量计、质量流量计、超声流量计、涡街流量计、靶式流量计、均速管流量计和容积流量计等应核定出厂检定报告和出厂合格证。当合格证和检定报告在有效期内时，可不再进行精度校准，但应通电或通气检查各部件工作是否正常。Forotherflowinstrumentslikefloatflow-meters,electronicflow-meters,massflow-meters,supersonicflow-meters,turbine&vortexflow-meters,targetflow-meters,annubarflow-meters,displacementflow-meters,etc.,thefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformitypreparedbyvendorsshallbeverified.Ifthefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarestillintheperiodofvalidity,accuracycalibrationcouldbeleaveoutwhilepoweringandpneumaticinspectionshallbeundertaken.带远传功能的，应做模拟试验。当合格证及出厂检定报告超过有效期时，应重新进行计量标定，但根据有关文件规定，标定工作应由业主负责，施工单位予以配合。Analogtestingforinstrumentswithremotefunctionsshallbeundertaken.Oncethefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarebeyondtheperiodofvalidity,theseflowinstrumentsshallberecalibratedandretested.Asperassociatedtradestipulationsandregulationsofdocuments,thispartofworksshallberesponsiblebytheclient,assistantbythesubcontractor.、物位仪表：LevelInstrumentation:、单、双法差压变送器的校准：CalibrationandtestingforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmitters校验方法、项目基本同压力、差压变送器，此外尚需考虑ThecalibrationandtestingmethodologyanditemsforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmittersareassameasthoseofpressuretransmittersandDPtransmitters.Inaddition,followingitemsshallbetakeintoconsideration:ⅰ、根据《仪表设备规格书》认真核算变送器的量程；TherangesoftransmittersshallbecalculatedandverifiedasperSpecificationSheetofInstrumentation.ⅱ、制作校验用辅助设施；Manufacturingauxiliarydevicesforcalibrationandtesting.ⅲ、考虑迁移并计算迁移量。Consideringrangeshiftandcalculatingshiftingvalues.电动法兰差压变送器的校准可按下图连接。校准时可把“+”、“-”压法兰置同一平面，也可以模拟现场安装把“-”法兰升高到与“+”法兰的设计高差。前者应在“+”压侧加负迁移信号后调零，而后者可直接调零。Thecalibrationandtestingplanshallbeasfollowingprograms:the+flangeand–flangecouldbeplacedatthesameelevationorplacedatcertainelevationsimulatingworksiteinstallationconditionsthroughraising+flangetodesignedelecation,zeropointcalibrationshallbeexecutedafterminusshiftingsignalsareaddedto+flanges,whileforlatterconditionszeropointcouldbeadjusteddirectly.压力信号发生器（级）压力信号发生器（级）-+250Ω标准电阻级24VDC电源变送器变送器法兰精密数字电压表（级）自备校验用法兰--+PressureSignalGenerator）PrecisionDigitalVoltageMeter（）250Ωstandardresistance）24VDCPowerDPTransmitterMatingFlange、浮筒液位变送器：a、内浮筒液位计宜采用干校法（挂重法）校准，即将液面所处的位置如0%、25%、75%、100%的浮子自身的重量减其所受的浮力之差值，G1、G2、G3、G4、G5挂在浮筒变送器的连杆上，然后对输出进行调整。Drycalibrationorhangingweightscalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforinteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.TheoutputofTransmittersshallbeadjustedthroughrespectivelyhangingweightsofG1,G2,G3,G4,G5whicharecalculatedaspertheirdifferencesbetweenweightsandbuoyancyforcescorrespondingtotheheightsofdisplacerof0%,25%,50%,75%,100%.外浮筒液位（界位）计宜采用灌液法（水校法），其校准采用如图所示的方法。 Hydrauliccalibrationorpouringliquidcalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforexteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.ccaabpefH手操压力泵（西安仪表厂产）；密闭小容器（自己制作）容器加水口（3/4”NPT丝堵）浮筒变送器透明软管液位指示计4”球阀用手操压力泵或气动定值器给密闭容器加压，由于P的存在使水经球阀上升浮筒内H高度，缓慢加压泄压，便可控制H值的高度。pumpoperatedbymanual（providedbyxi’aninstrumentfactory）；sealedsmallvesselfillwater（3/4”NPTthreadblock）floattransmitterstransparentflexibletubelevelindicator4”ballvalue用手操压力泵或气动定值器给密闭容器加压，由于P的存在使水经球阀上升浮筒内H高度，缓慢加压泄压，便可控制H值的高度。Inputairtosealedvesselbypressurepumpoperatedbymanualorpneumaticsetvaluedevice,DuetohaspressureinvesselsothatcontrolhighofH.采用水代替设计介质校准浮筒液位计时，灌液高度的计算公式是：h=(P介/P水)×H×XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediafordisplacerliquidleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=(ρm/ρwater)×H×X采用水代替设计介质校准浮筒界位计时，灌液高度的计算工时：h=P/P水*H+(P重-P轻)/P水*H*XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediaasreplacementfordisplacermassboundaryleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=ρ/ρwater*H+(ρh-ρl)/ρwater*H*X式中：h为被校刻度的灌液高度；X为被校刻度的百分比；hshallbetheheightoffillingwater,Xshallbethepercentageofcalculatedscale.P介为设计介质介质密度（查仪表设备规格书可得）；ρmshallbethedensityofprocessmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P水为水的密度（1000kg/m3）ρwatershallbethedensityofwater(1000kg/m3).H为浮筒最高液位；Hshallbehighestlevelofdisplacer.P重为设计的重液密度（查仪表设备规格书可得）；ρhshallbethedensityofheavymediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P轻为设计的轻液密度（查仪表设备规格书可得）；ρlshallbethedensityoflightmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.、浮球式液位变送器：Floatballleveltransmittersa、气割一片可与仪表法兰连接的简易特制法兰，将其焊接在预制平台的一角，模拟安装被校仪表，并向仪表供电（气），此时仪表应指“零”，否则应调“零”。Makeafacilityflangethatconnectwithflangeofinstrument,andjointatcornerofpre-makeplatroofandsimulateinstalltestedinstrument,supplyairorpowertoinstrumentandindicatorofinstrumentshouldbe”zero”b、平缓操作平衡杆使浮球上移，当平衡杆处于水平状态时，仪表输出应为50%，否则应调量程。Operatethebalancingpoleslowlyandmakefloatballmovedgoup,outputofinstrumentis50%whenthebalancingpoleathorizontalposition,otherwiserangeshouldbeadjusted.c、如此反复试验，直至示值误差符合允许误差的要求。Testfortimesuntiltheindicatevalueerrorshouldbeaccordedwithallowance.d、平衡杆由水平位置再继续上移，输出信号应均匀上升，当输出信号达100%时，测量由平衡杆的移动角度应为。Movethebalancingpolefromhorizontalpositionsothatmaketheoutputsignalriseuniformity,theanglethatbalancingpolemoveiswhentheoutputsignalis100%.e、检查平衡杆与浮球的连接必须紧固，无松动，防松配件齐全。Theconnectionofbalancingpoleandfloatballmusttighten,andloose-prooffittingsiswhole.、贮罐液位计、料面计，现场不具备单台校准条件，因此，在安装前进行外观检查外，还应通电检查指示和变送部分，确认其基本功能是否完好。Onjobsitetheconditionsfortankgaugesandlevelgaugescannotmeetthecalibrationrequirements,butappearanceinspection,poweringinspectionshallbeexecutedforindicationfunctionandtransmitterpartstoascertainwellfunctionofinstruments.、放射性同位素液位计的校准见《放射性同位素液位计校准、安装方案》，此不再叙。CalibrationandtestingforradioisotopelevelgaugespleaserefertotheCalibrationandInstallationSchemeforRadioisotopeLevelGaugesfordetails.、超声波物位计校准时，通电后液晶显示板及状态指示灯工作应正常，参数设置开关应符合工艺测量要求。Forcalibrationofsupersoniclevelgauges,LEDorliquid-crystaldisplayandindicationlightsshallfunctionnormally.Thesettingparametersforswitchesshallmeetprocessrequirements.、浮球式液位开关安装前的校准，应用手平缓操作浮球，使其上、下移动，观察微动开关的动作，并用万用表监测接点的通断。Forcalibrationoffloattypelevelswitchesbeforeinstallation,thefloatsshallbemovedmanuallyupwardanddownwardandthemotionsofmicro-switchesshallbeobservedandcontinuitybemeasured