大学英语语法4-副词课件

CollegeEnglishGrammar:

GrammarandWritingCollegeEnglishGrammar:

1Unit4Modifiers：Adverb

Grammar:

AdverbsWriting:

Correcting:

MisplacedModifiersand–lyModifiers

Rewriting:RelationshipandcompletenessUnit4Modifiers：Adverb

2Adverbs

Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,otheradverbs,oranentireclausebymakingitsmeaningmorespecific.

Wegoshopping.Weoftendothatatweekend.Weoftengoshoppingatweekend.[modifyingverb“go”]Bobisastudent.Heisgood.Hisgoodnessisunusual.Bobisanunusuallygoodstudent.[modifyingadjective“good”]Mychildgetsup.Hegetsupatseven.Healmostalwaysgetsupatseven.Mychildalmostalwaysgetsupatseven.[modifyingadverb“always”]AdverbsAdverbsmodify3Manyadverbsareformedbyadding–lytoanadjective:general---generally,bad---badly,soft---softly,definite---definitely,happy---happily,frequent---frequently

Likeadjectives,someadverbshavethreeformsofcomparison:positive,comparative,andsuperlative.

Positive

Comparative

Superlativebadlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestforeformerforemost/firstlatelaterlatest/lastlittlelessleastmuchmoremostwellbetterbestManyadverbsareformedby41)KindsofAdverbsAdverbsofTime:afterwards,later,now,soon,yesterday,then,recently,still,finallyetc.AdverbsofPlace:abroad,anywhere,here,outside,somewhere,there,homeetc.AdverbsofManner:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quicklyetc.AdverbsofFrequency:always,often,usually,frequently,never,seldom,sometimes,etc.AdverbsofDegree:almost,entirely,greatly,highly,partially,practically,totally,very,etc.AdverbsofNegation:no,not,neither,noretc.AdverbsofProbability:certainly,definitely,maybe,perhaps,possibly,probablyetc.AdverbsofInterrogative:when,where,how,whyetc.Others:also,too,onlyetc.1)KindsofAdverbs51.PositionofadverbsWhenanadverbmodifiesanadjectiveoranotheradverb,themodifyingadverbmustimmediatelyprecedethewordmodified.

Thepricesarequitereasonable.Weareverymuchhopingyoucanattendourwedding.

Whenanadverbmodifiesaverb,ithasthreepositionsinasentence:front(beforethesubject),middle(betweenthesubjectandthemainverb)andend(aftertheverborobject).

SometimesIfeelquitelonely.“Mathematics”issometimesabbreviatedto“math”.Icannotsenseyourmeaning

sometimes.1.PositionofadverbsW6Theadverbshouldnotbeputbetweentheverbandtheobject:

Shepickedupslowlythegun.

Shepickedupthegunslowly.

However,adverbsshouldalwayscomeafterintransitiveverbs(=verbswhichhavenoobject).

Illweedsgrowfast.Itpaystoworkhonestly.Theadverbshouldnotbe7Also,somecommonadverbs(well,badly,hardetc.)arealmostalwaysplacedaftertheverb.

Theysufferedbadlyduringtheflood.Althoughgrumblingsometimes,heworkedhard.

Asageneralrule,itiswisetoplacetheadverbasnearaspossibletothewordthatitmodifies.

Hedrivescarefully.Thepartyhasthoroughlysearchedthewholecave.Also,somecommonadver8

Adverbsofmannerandplaceareusuallyputbehindthedirectobject(orbehindtheverbifthere'snodirectobject).

Theboysneakedoutofthehousequietly.Wehavetowalkbackhome.

Adverbsoftimeareusuallyputattheendofasentencebut,tocatchattention,youcanalsoputthematthebeginningofasentence.

ShestayedintheBears'houseallday.TomorrowI'mgoingtotidymyroom.

Adverbsoffrequencyareusuallyplacedbeforethemainverbbutafterauxiliaryverbs(suchasbe,have,may,must).

Youmustalwaysfastenyourseatbelt.Ihaveneverforgottenmyfirstkiss.Adverbsofmannerand93.OrderofadverbsUsualwordorderwithdifferentadverbsis:

manner+place+time

Shesangbeautifully

inthebathroom

lastnight.Themurderescapedquickly

fromthevillage

atdusk.Asageneralrule,shorteradverbialphrasesgobeforelongeradverbialphrases,regardlessofcontent.

Thecattakesawalkaftersuper

everydayofitslife.Hewillwaitforusatsix

atthewestgateoftheuniversity.3.OrderofadverbsUsua10Asecondruleisthatamongsimilaradverbialphrasesofkind(manner,place,frequency,etc.),themorespecificadverbialphrasecomesfirst.

MozartwasborninJanuary

in1756.Theylivedinalittlelogcabin

inthemountains.

Ofadverbsofmanner,theshorterusuallycomesbeforethelongerandtheyarelinkedwitheachotherbyconjunctionssuchasand,butetc.

Pleasedriveslowly

and

carefully.Shespokefast

but

clearly.Asecondruleisthata11Exercises1:Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence.

Thecompanyhasacquiredanofficebuilding.

Thepurchaseisrecent.

Thebuildingisnew.

ThebuildingisincentralBoston.ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston.Heputforwardagoodsuggestion.

Thesuggestionisforstudents.

Thestudentsaregoingtostudyabroad.Heputforwardagoodsuggestionforstudents(whoaregoing)tostudyabroad.Theoldmandriveshisboat.

Hedoesitslowly.

Hewantstoavoidhittingtherocks..Theoldmandriveshisboatslowlytoavoidhittingtherocks.

Exercises1:Combinethesente12Sheledanexistence.

Herexistencewassolitary.

Shewaslonely.

Herlonelinesswasseldom.Sheledasolitaryexistencebutwasseldomlonely.5.Technologyhaschangedourlife.

Ithasdonethatoverthepasttwodecades.

Thechangeistotal..Technologyhastotallychangedourlifeoverthepasttwodecades.6.Thehotelisnotspacious.

Thehotelisnotcomfortable.Thehotelisneitherspaciousnorcomfortable.7.ThewordderivesfromLatin.

Itisprobable.

Themeaningofthewordescapesme.Theword,whosemeaningescapesme,probablyderivesfromLatin.大学英语语法4——副词课件13MisplacedModifiersand–lyModifiers

Amodifierisawordorphrasethatgivesmoreinformationaboutthesubject,verb,orobjectinasentence.Itshouldbeplacedascloseaspossibletothewordsitmodifies1.MisplacedmodifiersAmisplacedmodifierissimplyawordorphrasedescribingsomethingbutnotplacednearenoughtheworditissupposedtomodify.Itcausesconfusionbecauseitmodifieswrongwordinasentence.Youcanplacethemodifiernearornexttotheworditismeanttomodify.

Dickbecameillafterhemarriedanddied.Afterhemarried,Dickbecameillanddied.

Themanwhistledtothedogonthewaytothepark.Onthewaytothepark,themanwhistledtothedog.MisplacedModifiersand–lyMo14Muchattentionshouldbegiventotheadverbssuchasonly,just,nearly,andalmost.Theyareoftenmisplacedandcauseanunintendedmeaning.Theboynearlymadeahundreddollarslastweek.Theboymadenearlyahundreddollarlastweek.Peoplewhousedrugsfrequentlysufferhealthproblems.Peoplewhofrequentlyusedrugssufferhealthproblems.Examplesareoftenmisplaced.Don’tplaceexamplesontotheendofasentencewhentheideabeingillustratediselsewhere.Economicproblemsaredifficulttohandlesuchasinflationandunemployment.Economicproblemssuchasinflationandunemploymentaredifficulttohandle.Muchattentionshould152.-lyModifiers

Therearetwocommonerrorsformodifiersendingin–ly.1)Althoughmost–lymodifyingwordsareadverbs,therearestillsomeexceptions(usuallyn-ly)youshouldgivespecialattentionto.Cowardly,friendly,gingerly,leisurely,likely,lowly,miserly,niggardlyandtimelyareusuallyadjectives.Hetimelyarrivedtohelpusout.Hisarrivaltohelpusoutwastimely.Itwastimelythathearrivedtohelpusout.Atthechurch,theywelcomedtheseyoungskiersfriendly.Atthechurch,theygavetheseyoungskiersafriendlywelcome.Atthechurch,theseyoungskiersreceivedafriendlywelcome.Foralongtime,hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyalunchleisurely.Foralongtime,hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyaleisurelylunch.2.-lyModifiers162)Avoidusingconsecutive(threeormore)–lymodifiers.

Awkward:Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheprobablyrelativelylowlypositionofaship’ssurgeon.

Better:Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheperhapsrelatively

humblepositionofaship’ssurgeon.2)Avoidusingconsecutive(th17Exercises:Correctthefollowingmisplacedordanglingmodifiers.

HeremployeeisapleasantyoungwomanwitharingnamedRebecca.Theystoodinlinetobuyticketstotheshowfortwentyminutes.Adogwashitbyacarrunningacrossthestreet.Thehomeworkscarcelytookthemanhourtocomplete.Thepresidentonlyhastwodaystostaywithhisfamily.Ialmostwaitedahalfanhourformybrother.Whilecleaninghisgun,itwentoffunexpectedly.Approachingthewoods,acabinwillcomeintoyoursight.Tosavemoneyenoughtoaffordherdaughter’seducation,herhousehasbeensoldout.Afterlookingoutthewindowforhours,therainpassed.Exercises:Correctthefollowi18Correcting:womannamedRebeccawitharingstoodinlinefortwentyminutesAdogrunningacrossthestreetscarcelyanhouronlytwodaysalmostahalfanhourWhilehewascleaninghisgun,itwentoffunexpectedly.Acabinwillcomeintoyoursightwhenyou’reapproachingthewoods.Tosavemoneyenoughtoaffordherdaughter’seducation,shehassoldoutherhouse.AfterIlookingoutthewindowforhours,therainpassed.Correcting:womannamedRebecca19Theexerciseinthissectionistocreateeffectivepassagesbycombiningtheshortsentenceswhichyouthinkisrelatedintolonger,morecomplexones.Iftherearesomemistakes,correctthem.Passage1(AdaptedfromLesson11,NewConceptEnglishby

L.G.Alexander)

Ihaddinneratarestaurant.TonySteelecamein.Tonyworkedinalawyer'sofficeyearsago.Heisnowworkingatabank.Hegetsagoodsalary.Healwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriends.Heneverpaysitback.Tonysawme.Hecameover.Hesatatthesametable.Hehasneverborrowedmoneyfromme.Hewaseating.Iaskedhimtolendmetwentypounds.Iwassurprised.Hegavemethemoneyimmediately.Tonysaid"Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou.Nowyoucanpayformydinner!"Theexerciseinthissectioni20Passage2(AdaptedfromLesson14,NewConceptEnglishby

L.G.Alexander)

Ihadanexperiencelastyear.Itwasamusing.Ihadleftasmallvillage.ItwasinthesouthofFrance.Idroveontothenexttown.Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istopped.Heaskedmeforalift.Hehadgotintothecar.Isaidgoodmorningtohim.IusedFrench.Hereplied.HeusedFrenchtoo.Ionlyknowafewwords.IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.HeandIdidnotspeakduringthejourney.Ihadnearlyreachedthetown.Theyoungmansuddenlysaid,"doyouspeakEnglish?'Hisspeakingwasveryslow.Isoonlearnt.HewasEnglishhimself!Passage221CollegeEnglishGrammar:

GrammarandWritingCollegeEnglishGrammar:

22Unit4Modifiers：Adverb

Grammar:

AdverbsWriting:

Correcting:

MisplacedModifiersand–lyModifiers

Rewriting:RelationshipandcompletenessUnit4Modifiers：Adverb

23Adverbs

Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,otheradverbs,oranentireclausebymakingitsmeaningmorespecific.

Wegoshopping.Weoftendothatatweekend.Weoftengoshoppingatweekend.[modifyingverb“go”]Bobisastudent.Heisgood.Hisgoodnessisunusual.Bobisanunusuallygoodstudent.[modifyingadjective“good”]Mychildgetsup.Hegetsupatseven.Healmostalwaysgetsupatseven.Mychildalmostalwaysgetsupatseven.[modifyingadverb“always”]AdverbsAdverbsmodify24Manyadverbsareformedbyadding–lytoanadjective:general---generally,bad---badly,soft---softly,definite---definitely,happy---happily,frequent---frequently

Likeadjectives,someadverbshavethreeformsofcomparison:positive,comparative,andsuperlative.

Positive

Comparative

Superlativebadlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestforeformerforemost/firstlatelaterlatest/lastlittlelessleastmuchmoremostwellbetterbestManyadverbsareformedby251)KindsofAdverbsAdverbsofTime:afterwards,later,now,soon,yesterday,then,recently,still,finallyetc.AdverbsofPlace:abroad,anywhere,here,outside,somewhere,there,homeetc.AdverbsofManner:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quicklyetc.AdverbsofFrequency:always,often,usually,frequently,never,seldom,sometimes,etc.AdverbsofDegree:almost,entirely,greatly,highly,partially,practically,totally,very,etc.AdverbsofNegation:no,not,neither,noretc.AdverbsofProbability:certainly,definitely,maybe,perhaps,possibly,probablyetc.AdverbsofInterrogative:when,where,how,whyetc.Others:also,too,onlyetc.1)KindsofAdverbs261.PositionofadverbsWhenanadverbmodifiesanadjectiveoranotheradverb,themodifyingadverbmustimmediatelyprecedethewordmodified.

Thepricesarequitereasonable.Weareverymuchhopingyoucanattendourwedding.

Whenanadverbmodifiesaverb,ithasthreepositionsinasentence:front(beforethesubject),middle(betweenthesubjectandthemainverb)andend(aftertheverborobject).

SometimesIfeelquitelonely.“Mathematics”issometimesabbreviatedto“math”.Icannotsenseyourmeaning

sometimes.1.PositionofadverbsW27Theadverbshouldnotbeputbetweentheverbandtheobject:

Shepickedupslowlythegun.

Shepickedupthegunslowly.

However,adverbsshouldalwayscomeafterintransitiveverbs(=verbswhichhavenoobject).

Illweedsgrowfast.Itpaystoworkhonestly.Theadverbshouldnotbe28Also,somecommonadverbs(well,badly,hardetc.)arealmostalwaysplacedaftertheverb.

Theysufferedbadlyduringtheflood.Althoughgrumblingsometimes,heworkedhard.

Asageneralrule,itiswisetoplacetheadverbasnearaspossibletothewordthatitmodifies.

Hedrivescarefully.Thepartyhasthoroughlysearchedthewholecave.Also,somecommonadver29

Adverbsofmannerandplaceareusuallyputbehindthedirectobject(orbehindtheverbifthere'snodirectobject).

Theboysneakedoutofthehousequietly.Wehavetowalkbackhome.

Adverbsoftimeareusuallyputattheendofasentencebut,tocatchattention,youcanalsoputthematthebeginningofasentence.

ShestayedintheBears'houseallday.TomorrowI'mgoingtotidymyroom.

Adverbsoffrequencyareusuallyplacedbeforethemainverbbutafterauxiliaryverbs(suchasbe,have,may,must).

Youmustalwaysfastenyourseatbelt.Ihaveneverforgottenmyfirstkiss.Adverbsofmannerand303.OrderofadverbsUsualwordorderwithdifferentadverbsis:

manner+place+time

Shesangbeautifully

inthebathroom

lastnight.Themurderescapedquickly

fromthevillage

atdusk.Asageneralrule,shorteradverbialphrasesgobeforelongeradverbialphrases,regardlessofcontent.

Thecattakesawalkaftersuper

everydayofitslife.Hewillwaitforusatsix

atthewestgateoftheuniversity.3.OrderofadverbsUsua31Asecondruleisthatamongsimilaradverbialphrasesofkind(manner,place,frequency,etc.),themorespecificadverbialphrasecomesfirst.

MozartwasborninJanuary

in1756.Theylivedinalittlelogcabin

inthemountains.

Ofadverbsofmanner,theshorterusuallycomesbeforethelongerandtheyarelinkedwitheachotherbyconjunctionssuchasand,butetc.

Pleasedriveslowly

and

carefully.Shespokefast

but

clearly.Asecondruleisthata32Exercises1:Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence.

Thecompanyhasacquiredanofficebuilding.

Thepurchaseisrecent.

Thebuildingisnew.

ThebuildingisincentralBoston.ThecompanyhasrecentlyacquiredanewofficebuildingincentralBoston.Heputforwardagoodsuggestion.

Thesuggestionisforstudents.

Thestudentsaregoingtostudyabroad.Heputforwardagoodsuggestionforstudents(whoaregoing)tostudyabroad.Theoldmandriveshisboat.

Hedoesitslowly.

Hewantstoavoidhittingtherocks..Theoldmandriveshisboatslowlytoavoidhittingtherocks.

Exercises1:Combinethesente33Sheledanexistence.

Herexistencewassolitary.

Shewaslonely.

Herlonelinesswasseldom.Sheledasolitaryexistencebutwasseldomlonely.5.Technologyhaschangedourlife.

Ithasdonethatoverthepasttwodecades.

Thechangeistotal..Technologyhastotallychangedourlifeoverthepasttwodecades.6.Thehotelisnotspacious.

Thehotelisnotcomfortable.Thehotelisneitherspaciousnorcomfortable.7.ThewordderivesfromLatin.

Itisprobable.

Themeaningofthewordescapesme.Theword,whosemeaningescapesme,probablyderivesfromLatin.大学英语语法4——副词课件34MisplacedModifiersand–lyModifiers

Amodifierisawordorphrasethatgivesmoreinformationaboutthesubject,verb,orobjectinasentence.Itshouldbeplacedascloseaspossibletothewordsitmodifies1.MisplacedmodifiersAmisplacedmodifierissimplyawordorphrasedescribingsomethingbutnotplacednearenoughtheworditissupposedtomodify.Itcausesconfusionbecauseitmodifieswrongwordinasentence.Youcanplacethemodifiernearornexttotheworditismeanttomodify.

Dickbecameillafterhemarriedanddied.Afterhemarried,Dickbecameillanddied.

Themanwhistledtothedogonthewaytothepark.Onthewaytothepark,themanwhistledtothedog.MisplacedModifiersand–lyMo35Muchattentionshouldbegiventotheadverbssuchasonly,just,nearly,andalmost.Theyareoftenmisplacedandcauseanunintendedmeaning.Theboynearlymadeahundreddollarslastweek.Theboymadenearlyahundreddollarlastweek.Peoplewhousedrugsfrequentlysufferhealthproblems.Peoplewhofrequentlyusedrugssufferhealthproblems.Examplesareoftenmisplaced.Don’tplaceexamplesontotheendofasentencewhentheideabeingillustratediselsewhere.Economicproblemsaredifficulttohandlesuchasinflationandunemployment.Economicproblemssuchasinflationandunemploymentaredifficulttohandle.Muchattentionshould362.-lyModifiers

Therearetwocommonerrorsformodifiersendingin–ly.1)Althoughmost–lymodifyingwordsareadverbs,therearestillsomeexceptions(usuallyn-ly)youshouldgivespecialattentionto.Cowardly,friendly,gingerly,leisurely,likely,lowly,miserly,niggardlyandtimelyareusuallyadjectives.Hetimelyarrivedtohelpusout.Hisarrivaltohelpusoutwastimely.Itwastimelythathearrivedtohelpusout.Atthechurch,theywelcomedtheseyoungskiersfriendly.Atthechurch,theygavetheseyoungskiersafriendlywelcome.Atthechurch,theseyoungskiersreceivedafriendlywelcome.Foralongtime,hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyalunchleisurely.Foralongtime,hehasbeendreamingtoenjoyaleisurelylunch.2.-lyModifiers372)Avoidusingconsecutive(threeormore)–lymodifiers.

Awkward:Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheprobablyrelativelylowlypositionofaship’ssurgeon.

Better:Hehadhimselfspentsometimeintheperhapsrelatively

humblepositionofaship’ssurgeon.2)Avoidusingconsecutive(th38Exercises:Correctthefollowingmisplacedordanglingmodifiers.

HeremployeeisapleasantyoungwomanwitharingnamedRebecca.Theystoodinlinetobuyticketstotheshowfortwentyminutes.Adogwashitbyacarrunningacrossthest