初中宾语从句讲解及练习

PAGEPAGE21初中宾语从句讲解及练习、什么是宾语从句？宾语从句是一种名词性从句，是一个句子作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。宾语从句的种类：根据引导宾语从句连词的不同，宾语从句可分为三类。①.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。如:Hesays(that)heisastudent.

Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn'tknow（that）shehasleftherumbrellaatschool.

Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.②.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。不可以省略.例如：Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.

下面五种情况只能用whether,不可以用if.1.和动词不定式连用时，只能用whether.如：Idon’tknowwhethertoleavehere.2.和ornot连用时，只能用whether,ornot可以放在句末。如：Shewantedtoknowwhethershewentthereornot.3.用在介词后面时，只能用whether.如：Iamworriedaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.4.放在句首时，只能用whether,不能用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。5.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句.

例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingthenextweek.③.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，不可以省略。如：Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfornow?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheirclass.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.2.宾语从句的语序无论哪种形式的宾语从句，从句都必须用陈述句语序，即先主语后谓语动词。（把助动词will,have/has,would；情态动词can,may,must；be(am,is,are,was,were)动词放在主语之后；把助动词do,does,did都去掉，注意主句和从句的时态）Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.

HesaysthathewenthikinglastSunday.Hewondersifthereweremanypeopleworkingherejustnow.3.宾语从句的时态

①.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况使用相应的时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

②.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.

③.如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistssaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

注意：宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.

Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?4.否定转移在宾语从句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定。改成反义疑问句时，要看从句。其他的宾语从句变反义疑问句时，要看主句。Ithinkyouareright.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Ithinkyouareright,aren’tyou?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?Shesaidthatshewentswimmingyesterday,didn’tshe？5.宾语从句的简化①当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.

→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.

②.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.

③.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：

CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoit.=Idon’tknowhowtodoit.6.宾语从句的被动语态Peoplesaythatheiskindtoothers.=Itissaidthatheiskindtoothers.7.if既能引导条件状语从句，又能引导宾语从句;when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句，注意时态是不同的。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）Iwanttoknowifyouwillcomehereifitrainstomorrow.Idon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishtheworknextweek.Youcanletmeknowwhenyoufinishtheworknextweek.宾语从句专项巩固练习题：一、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandoitbetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?（why,what）二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_haven’t__finished____（notfinish）readingit.2.Assoonashesawme,he_stopped______tospeaktome.（stop）3.Ihopehe_will__come____（come）backinaweek.4.It_wasraining______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_not__to__walk__（notwalk）inthericefields.6.Hesaidthathe_had_finished_______（finish）hisworkalready.

7.Theythoughttheycould_hike______（hike）tothetopofthemountain.8.Ifit_doesn’t__rain____（notrain）tomorrow，we__will_visit____（visit）thePeople'sMuseum.9.John_was__writing____（write）somethingwhenI__went_____（go）toseehim.10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight__travels_____（travel）muchfasterthansound.11.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_works______（work）.12.Mikeaskedmeifwe_would__ask____（ask）anyquestionsthenextclass.13.Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_have__finished____（finish）doingyourhomework？14.MrWangdidn'tknowifthere_would_be__（be）anEnglishpartythatday.15.Pleasetellmeifshe_comes______（come）againnexttime.16.Wearesurethathe___will__go___（go）toschooltomorrow.

17.Doyouknowwho_was_____（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?

18.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice_is_____（be）?

19.Ourfathersaidthathe___would____（will）buyanewcomputer.

20.Ihearthathe_swam______（swim）intheseayesterday.

三、从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。（A）1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake（D）2.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen（C）3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aP.Elessontomorrow.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are（B）4.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay（C）5.Lindasaidthemoon___edB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled（C）6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?ifB.whatC.whenD.that（C）7.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whetherD.who（B）8.Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who（A）9.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when（A）10.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow（C）11.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBthatCwhoDwhose（D）12.Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If（D）13.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome（D）14.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where（C）15.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended（D）16.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter（A）17.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedinD.didhelive（D）18.Doyouknowwhattime_________tomorrow?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves（D）19.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare（B）20.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings（D）21.Ican'tunderstand_________.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans（D）22.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked（B）23.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit（A）24.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid（C）25.Heaskedhisfather_______.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen（C）26Couldyoupleasetellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whentheywouldleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing（A）27.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy（C）28.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas（A）29.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

（D）30.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.

A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot四、按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2.Idon’tbelievetheywillcome,_____________?（改为反义疑问句）3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter__