研究生英语写译教程基础级第三版袁锡兴杨若东写作篇1Theparagraph市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

ProgressiveWritingbyJessieYaoChapter1TheParagraph/10/101ContentIntroduction1TheTopicSentence2TheConcludingSentence3Unity4Coherence5/10/102byJessieYao,HUELI.IntroductionQ:Whatisaparagraph?abasicunitoforganization

inwritingdevelopsonemainidea;standbyitself,or:bepartofalongerpieceofwriting.ContentForm/10/103byJessieYao,HUELI.Introduction1.Pretest:Readandanswer:page2,modelwriting.A:(1)

Topicsentence.

(2)Concludingsentence.

(3)Supportingsentences.

(4)Transitionalwords.

(5)One./10/104byJessieYao,HUELI.IntroductionConstructionofaparagraph:TopicSentenceSupportingsentence1Supportingsentence2SupportingsentencexConcludingSentenceTransitionalwordsOnemainidea/10/105byJessieYao,HUELI.IntroductionFunctionsofeachelement:TSSS1SS2SSxCSTWthemainideaoftheparagraph:naming&controlingdevelopthets:reasons,facts,egs.statistics,quotationsetc.signalstheend;restatesimportantpointstorememberlinkss,showlogic/10/106byJessieYao,HUELI.Introduction5Elementsofaparagraph:Thetopicsentence;Supportingsentences;Theconcludingsentence;Transitionalwords,akacherence;Themainidea,akaunity.Exercises:page4

CEADB/10/107byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentence1.Pretest:Readandanswer:page5Topicsentences:2,5,8,9Q:Whyandinwhatwaysaretheothersunfitfortopicsentences?Threeimportantcharacteristics→/10/108byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentence2.Threeimportantcharacteristics:Acompletesentence;Theimportanceofcommunication.Communicationsisimportantbetweenfamilymembers.Containsbothatopicandacontrollingidea;Therearedifferentopinions.Therearedifferentopinionsabout...evenamongexperts.Differentopinionsarisefromdifferentsidespeopletake.Themostgeneralstatementintheparagraph./10/109byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentenceAmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andprepackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.Americanfoodisterrible.Americanfoodisterribleintwoways.Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.Review:Threeessentialpoints主题句必须是一个完整句子由主题词和主题思想表述两部分组成只是一个概括性陈说而不提供详细细节/10/1010byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentence3.PositionofTopicSentencesAtthebeginningofaparagraph;Attheendofaparagraph;Implied.eg:7Exercises:page7Para.1:C

A

D

BPara.2:B

G

E

A

DC

FPara.3:D

B

E

A

F

CPara.4:B

E

F

C

A

D

G/10/1011byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentence4.TheTwoPartsofaTopicSentenceTopicControllingideatonamethesubject,ormainidea

tomakeaspecificcommentaboutthetopic,whichindicateswhattherestoftheparagraphwillsayaboutthetopic/10/1012byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentenceeg:Smokingcigarettescanbeanexpensivehabit.Itisanexpensiveluxurytoownanautomobileinalargecity.Exercises:page9TopicControllingIdeaTopicControllingIdea/10/1013byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentence5.WritingTopicSentencesTwopoints:beneithertoogeneralnortoospecific;avoidtoomanyunrelatedideas.SanFranciscoisfamousforitstemperateclimate,itsmanytouristattractions,anditscosmopolitanatmosphere.Exercises:page11/10/1014byJessieYao,HUELII.TheTopicSentenceExercises:page11:Para.1:AmericanEnglishtakesinalotofforeignwords.Para.2:TheeducationalsysteminEuropeanuniversitiesisquitedifferentfromthatinAmericanuniversities.Para.3:Peopleusuallyuselocalmaterialsavailabletobuildtheirhomes.Para.4:Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweendoctorsandteachers./10/1015byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentence★Optional,notrequired.Functions:signalstheendoftheparagraph.summarizesthemainpointsoftheparagraph.givesafinalcommentonthetopicandleavesthereaderwiththemostimportantideastothinkabout./10/1016byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentenceWaysofwritingaconcludingsentence:Eg1:Synonyms,wordsthathavethesamebasicmeaning,donotalwayshavethesameemotionalmeaning.Forexample,...Therefore,youshouldbecarefulinchoosingwordsbecausemanysocalledsynonymsarenotreallysynonymousatall.Paraphrasing同义改写/10/1017byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentenceEg2:Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.Firstofall,goldhas...Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldis...Inconclusion,goldistreasurednotonlyforitsbeautybutalsoforitsutility.Summerizingthemainpoints总结关键点/10/1018byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentenceEnd-of-paragraphsignals:TosumupInsumHenceToconcludeIntheendInawordAllinall.../10/1019byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentenceExercises:page13:Para.1:

Paraphrasing:Inshort,youneedfirstbeanattentivelistenerbeforebecomingagoodspeaker.Summarizing:Insummary,goodmannersinlistening,suchasattention,notbeinginterruptive,andbodylanguage,canbeasimportantinaconversationasspeakingitself./10/1020byJessieYao,HUELIII.TheConcludingSentenceExercises:page13:Para.2:Paraphrasing:Thus,moderncorporateworkersareconstantlyundergreatpressureasaresultoftheadvanceincommunicationtechnology.Summarizing:Therefore,thecorporateworkersoftengetoverworkedandfeelfrustratedindealingwiththeoverwhelmingmessagesmadepossiblebythemoderncommunicationtechnology./10/1021byJessieYao,HUELIV.

Unity1.Pretest:Readandanswer:page14Para.1:Topicsentence:Adventuretravelisthehottrendinthetourismindustry.Irrelevantsentence:Peopleofallagesarechoosingeducationalstudytoursfortheirvacations./10/1022byJessieYao,HUELIV.

UnityPara.2:Topicsentence:Daredevilsportsarealsobecomingpopular.Irrelevantsentence:SoccerisalsobecomingpopularintheUnitedStates,whereitwasnotwellknownuntilrecently./10/1023byJessieYao,HUELIV.

Unity2.ImportantPointsofUnityUnity：onlyonemainideaisdiscussedeverysupportingsentencemustdirectlyexplainorprovethemainideathatisstatedinthetopicsentence.eg:17Bestone:Topicsentence:para.2Thefirstsentence/10/1024byJessieYao,HUELIV.

UnityProblemwithpara.1:MotherscangivetheHIVvirusto...75to85percentofinfections.Problemwithpara.2:ThereisevidencethatintheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,...atleastamongmales.AlthoughthereisnocureforHIV-AIDS,newmedicinesareavailablethatprolongthelivesofpeoplewithHIV.AnewtopicIrrelevantsentences/10/1025byJessieYao,HUELIV.

UnityExercises：page17Thefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:1)Logic,whichisbasisofrhetoric,...2)EnglishlogicandEnglishrhetoric,...3)AtypeofconstructionfoundinArabicandPersianwriting...4)SomeAsianwriters,...5)Spanishrhetoric...6)Insummary,.../10/1026byJessieYao,HUELIV.

UnityExercises：page18para.1:Topicsentences:1)Thequestionis—whichlanguage?2)Thatdayisdecadesaway,however,because...Irrelevantsentences:1)Hiscompanyspends$200million...2)Computerspellingcheckers.../10/1027byJessieYao,HUELIV.

Unitypara.2:Topicsentences:1)Evenwhenyoutrytobepolite,...2)AlthoughAmericansareusuallyverydirectinsocialmatters,...Irrelevantsentences:1)Americanmealsareusuallymoreinformal...2)Idiomsareoftendifficult.../10/1028byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence1.Pretest:Readandcompare:page19Translation2isbetterbecause:theuseoftransitionalwords;theuseofgrammaticalstructurewords;theuseoflogicwords(pronounsandnouns);theuseofpropertense/mood./10/1029byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence2.ComparisonBetweenEnglishandChineseWritinginCoherenceCoherence：beingconnectednaturallyandlogicallybyacommonprincipleCoherenceinEnglishChineseEmphasizesAchievedbyNatureformmeaningtransitional,structural,logicwordscontext,noexplicitwordshypotaxisparataxis/10/1030byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceThreewaystoachievecoherenceinEnglish:1.Repeatingkeynouns.2.Usingpronounsthatreferbacktokeynouns.3.Usingtransitionsignals./10/1031byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence3.RepetitionofKeyNounsConsecutiveuseofkeynounsandpronouns.Readandcount:Model1_____"gold"_____"it"_____"its"Exercise:Readandrepalce,page2172312wordsreferingto"gold"/10/1032byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceEnglishhasalmostbecomeaninternationallanguage.ExceptforChinese,morepeoplespeakitthananyotherlanguage.Spanishistheofficiallanguageofmorecountriesintheworld,butmorecountrieshaveitastheirofficialorunofficialsecondlanguage.Morethan70percentoftheworld’smailiswritteninit.ItistheprimarylanguageontheInternet./10/1033byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceIninternationalbusiness,itisusedmorethananyotherlanguage,anditisthelanguageofairlinepilotsandairtrafficcontrollersallovertheworld.Moreover,althoughFrenchusedtobethelanguageofdiplomacy,ithasdisplaceditthroughouttheworld.Therefore,unlessyouplantospendyourlifealoneonadesertislandinthemiddleofthePacificOcean,itisausefullanguagetoknow./10/1034byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceExercise:Readandrepalce,page22Dolphinesareinterestingbecausetheydisplayalmosthumanbehaviorattimes.Forexample,theydisplaythehumanemotionsofjoyandsadness.Duringtraining,whentheydosomethingcorrectly,theysquealexcitedlyandracetowardtheirtrainer.Whentheymakeamistake,however,theydroopnoticeablyandmopearoundtheirpool.Furthermore,theyhelpeachotherwhentheyareintrouble./10/1035byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceIfoneissick,itsendsoutamessage,andothersintheareaswimtohelpit.Theypushittothesurfaceofthewatersothatitcanbearthe.Theystaywithitfordaysorweeksuntilitrecoversordies.Theyhavealsohelpedtrappedorlostwhalesnavigatetheirwaysafelyouttotheopensea.Theyaresointelligentandhelpful,infact,thattheUSNavyistrainingthemtobecomeunderwaterbombdisposalexperts./10/1036byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence4.UseofConsistentPronounsTwo"don'ts":Don’tchangefromyoutoheorshe(changeofperson)Don’tchange

fromhetothey(changeofnumber).Exercise:Readandrepalce,page22/10/1037byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceOlympicathletesmustbestrongbothphysicallyandmentally.Firstofall,ifyouhopetocompeteinanOlympicsport,youmustbephysicallystrong.Furthermore,anaspiringOlympianmusttrainrigorouslyformanyyears.Forthemostdemandingsports,theytrainseveralhoursaday,fiveorsixdaysaweek,fortenormoreyears.Inadditiontobeingphysicallystrong,heorshemustalsobementallytough./10/1038byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceThismeansthatyouhavetobetotallydedicatedtoyoursport,oftengivingupanormalschool,family,andsociallife.Beingmentallystrongalsomeansthatheorshemustbeabletowithstandtheintensepressureofinternationalcompetitionwithitsattendantmediacoverage.Finally,noteveryonecanwinamedal,sotheymustpossesstheinnerstrengthtolivewithdefeat./10/1039byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence5.TransitionsTransitionsaresignalsusedtoshowthepreciserelationshipbetweenideas.GoSlowStopSimilarIdeaOppositeIdeaConclusion

similarlymoreoverfurthermoreinadditionontheotherhandhoweverincontrast

inconclusiontosumup/10/1040byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceOthertypesoftransitionalwords/phrases:example:forexample;forinstance;take...asanexample;...result:asaresult;consequently;thereby;...Remember:nevertoomany,nortoofew./10/1041byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceExercise:Read,compareandunderline,page23Themorecoherentone:para.2Transitionalsignals:Another,Forexample,Firstofall,therefore,consequently,Furthermore/10/1042byJessieYao,HUELV.Coherence6.TypesofTransitionalSignalsThreegroupsbygrammaticalfunction:Sentenceconnectors;Clauseconnectors;coordinatingconjunctions;subordinatingconjunctions.Others.

Furthercategorizedinmeaning/function.See25/10/1043byJessieYao,HUELV.CoherenceReadandstudy:Learnmoreabouttheusageofeachtypeandfinishtheexercise4onpage29：The“