2022年广东大学英语考试模拟卷九

2022年广东大学英语考试模拟卷九（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位: 姓名: 考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分ー、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）AIDAdministratorBryanRatwoodsaysthecountriesaffectedmostwi11beconcentratinginsuchareasas.NorthAmericaSouthAmericaEuropeAfrica,Asia,andLatinAmericaAIDwiIInowconcentrateonsustainabledeveIopmentprogramsinsomefiftynationsfocusingonkeyareasnotincluding.environmentpopulationcultureeconomicgrowth{{I}}Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}InavisittoGermany,PopeJohnPaulsaidisresponsibleforthe16thcenturyschismledbyMartinLuther.boththeCatholicsandProtestantstheCatholicstheProtestantsneitherofthetwo{(BJ1TEXTA((/B)}SANTEE,CALIF—WhennewsbrokeaboutthemayhemandkillingatSantanaHighSchooIvCharlesWi11iamsfranticallydashedtotheschooItomakesurehis15-year-oldsonwasn9thurt.AshesearchedthechaotictabIeauofsobbingteensandpanickedparents,Williamscalledagirl:"DeyouknowwhereAndyisMHerquietreply:"Withthecops."UntiIthatmoment,Williamsapparentlyhadnoideawhathisson,CharlesAndrew,hadplannedtothatmorningwhenhelefttheirsmalIapartmentinthistownnortheastofSanDigoo.But,sadly,othershadaclue.Theteenhadbraggedtoseveralfriendsandatleastoneadult,29-year-oldChrisReynolds,abouthisschemetoshoothisclassmates.Someofhisfriendsthoughtitwassimplyblusterfromakid.YettwoofthemweresoconcernedthattheypattedWilliamsdownthatmorning.Theydidn'tgofarenoughtofindhisfather1s22-caIiber,long-barrelrevolverinWilliams9syellowbackpack.BombsandhitIists.Evenbeforelastweek'sshooting,theco11ectiveculturehadbeenchanging.Lastmonth,potentiaIdisasterswerefoiledinschooIsfromNewYorktoCaliforniabecausestudentsreportedtheirconcerns.JustdaysaftertheSantanaHighshooting,studentstippedoffpoIicewhoarrestedahandfuIofkidsatseveraIotherCaIiforniaschooIsfora11egedIymakingthreatsthatincIudedpIottingtoputabombonateacher1sdeskanddrawingupahitlistof16students."TheclimateischangingwhereyoungpeopIearemorewillingtoreportthreats,butthatchangeishappeningslowly."saysRonStephens,executivedirectoroftheNationaISchooISafetyCenter."Santeeiscertainlyalessoninthat.Wemustcontinua11yworkwithyoungpeopIeaboutwhyitisintheirinteresttocomeforward.MThat'stoughtask,consideringchiIdrenaretaughtaImostfromkindergarten,nottotattIe.Noonewantstobeaninformer,butasTomHall,SanDiegoschooIssecuritychief,says:"We'vegottogetkidstounderstandthatthereisapropertimetotell.MArecentSecretServicestudyfoundthatinmorethanthreequartersofschooIshootings,theattackertoldsomeone,almostaIwaysapeer,abouthisplanbeforehand.Onlytwiceoutof37easesdidthatkidte11anadult.nWeaslaypeople,kidsandadults,don'tneedtomakethedecisionaboutwhethersomeoneisjoking,"saysMarcetaReilly,superintendentoftheKansasschooIdistrictwhereastudentlastmouthturnedinthreeteensforana11egedplottoblowuptheschooI."Itisimportanttoturnitovertosomeonewhocaninvestigateitproperly."OveralI,schooIviolenceisdown,despitetheoutpouringofhigh-profiIeshootingsthatoftenproduceimitatorsincludingmanyafterSantee.NoonewantedtotakeanychancesinElmira,N.Y.,wheretheentiretownhasworkedtopreventanotherCoIumbina.Lastmonth,studentsnoticedan18-year-oldstudentactingoddlyonthebus.AfterstudentstoldschooIauthorities,anofficerfound18pipebombsandasawed-offshotguninagreenbaganda22-semiautomaticpistoIf〇Idedinhistrousers."We'vetriedtofosteranewattitude:Thisisnotsnitching",saysChemungCountyDistrictAttorneyJohnTrice."Thesearekidswhohavedecided,'Idon'twantanyonetogethurt.,"BuiIies.SomecIassmatesdescribedAndyWilliamsasafriendly,quietkid.ButotherssaidhewasdeepIytroubled,disturbedbytheseparationfromhismother,whohadbeendivorcedfromhisfatherforabout10years.Theyoungsterwasalsoafrequenttargetofbu11ies.ExportsbeIievetheSanteeshootingwiIIfuelaredoubIingofanti-bu11yingeffortsthatbeganafterCoIumbina.Coloradoisworkingonabi11thatwouldrequirealIschooIstodeveIopbully-preventionplans.AnewlawrequiresNewHampshireschooIboardstoadoptanti-buIlyingpolicies.Oregonisconsideringabi11thatwouldbanbullying.SomeparentsandcivilIibertariansmayworrythattheSanteeshootingwiIIrenewzealforCoIumbina-inspired,butmuchcriticized,zero-tolerancepolicies.Alreadylastweek,storiesofstudentsbeingsuspendedorarrested-someturnedinbyfeIlowteens-werecominginfromacrossthenation.AndtheschooIs'newcredo:SiIenceisn,tgoIden.Howdoyouunderstandtheword“mayhem”inparagraph1Firing.Bombing.Disaster.Violentdisorder.5.{{I}}Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwi11begiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}SofarthePontifftothedemand.hasdecidedtogiveinisnotgoingtogiveinhasshownnosignofgivinginisreadytocounterattack6.{{Bl}TEXTA({/B}}SANTEE,CALIF—WhennewsbrokeaboutthemayhemandkillingatSantanaHighSchooIfCharlesWi11iamsfranticallydashedtotheschooItomakesurehis15-year-oldsonwasn'thurt.Ashesearchedthechaotictableauofsobbingteensandpaniekedparents,Williamscalledagirl:nDeyouknowwhereAndyis"Herquietreply:"Withthecops.MUntiIthatmoment,Williamsapparentlyhadnoideawhathisson,CharlesAndrew,hadpIannedtothatmorningwhenhelefttheirsmalIapartmentinthistownnortheastofSanDigoo.But,sadIy,othershadaclue.Theteenhadbraggedtoseveralfriendsandatleastoneadult,29-year-oldChrisReynolds,abouthisschemetoshoothisclassmates.Someofhisfriendsthoughtitwassimplyblusterfromakid.YettwoofthemweresoconcernedthattheypattedWilliamsdownthatmorning.Theydidn'tgofarenoughtofindhisfather's22-caIiber,long-barrelrevolverinWilliams'syellowbackpack.BombsandhitIists.Evenbeforelastweek1sshooting,theco11ectiveculturehadbeenchanging.Lastmonth,potentiaIdisasterswerefoiledinschooIsfromNewYorktoCaliforniabecausestudentsreportedtheirconcerns.JustdaysaftertheSantanaHighshooting,studentstippedoffpolicewhoarrestedahandfuIofkidsatseveralotherCaliforniaschooIsfora11egedIymakingthreatsthatincIudedpIottingtoputabombonateacher'sdeskanddrawingupahitlistof16students."TheclimateischangingwhereyoungpeopIearemorewillingtoreportthreats,butthatchangeishappeningslowly."saysRonStephens,executivedirectoroftheNationaISchooISafetyCenter."Santeeiscertainlyalessoninthat.Wemustcontinua11yworkwithyoungpeopIeaboutwhyitisintheirinteresttocomeforward."That'stoughtask,consideringchiIdrenaretaughtaImostfromkindergarten,nottotattIe.Noonewantstobeaninformer,butasTomHall,SanDiegoschooIssecuritychief,says:"We'vegottogetkidstounderstandthatthereisapropertimetotell."ArecentSecretServicestudyfoundthatinmorethanthreequartersofschooIshootings,theattackertoIdsomeone,aImostaIwaysapeer,abouthisplanbeforehand.Onlytwiceoutof37easesdidthatkidtelIanadult."WeaslaypeopIe,kidsandadults,don'tneedtomakethedecisionaboutwhethersomeoneisjoking,"saysMarcetaReilly,superintendentoftheKansasschooIdistrictwhereastudentlastmouthturnedinthreeteensforana11egedplottoblowuptheschooI."Itisimportanttoturnitovertosomeonewhocaninvestigateitproperly."OveralI,schooIviolenceisdown,despitetheoutpouringofhigh-profiIeshootingsthatoftenproduceimitatorsincludingmanyafterSantee.NoonewantedtotakeanychancesinEimira,N.Y.,wheretheentiretownhasworkedtopreventanotherCoIumbina.Lastmonth,studentsnoticedan18-year-oldstudentactingoddlyonthebus.AfterstudentstoldschooIauthorities,anofficerfound18pipebombsandasawed-offshotguninagreenbaganda22-semiautomaticpistoIf〇Idedinhistrousers."We'vetriedtofosteranewattitude:Thisisnotsnitching",saysChemungCountyDistrictAttorneyJohnTrice."Thesearekidswhohavedecided,'Idon'twantanyonetogethurt.’"BuiIies.SomecIassmatesdescribedAndyWilliamsasafriendly,quietkid.ButotherssaidhewasdeepIytroubled,disturbedbytheseparationfromhismother,whohadbeendivorcedfromhisfatherforabout10years.Theyoungsterwasalsoafrequenttargetofbu11ies.ExportsbeIievetheSanteeshootingwi11fuelaredoublingofanti-bu11yingeffortsthatbeganafterColumbina.Coloradoisworkingonabi11thatwouldrequirealIschooIstodeveIopbully-preventionplans.AnewlawrequiresNewHampshireschooIboardstoadoptanti-buIlyingpolicies.Oregonisconsideringabi11thatwouldbanbullying.SomeparentsandcivilIibertariansmayworrythattheSanteeshootingwiIIrenewzealforCoIumbina-inspired,butmuchcriticized,zero-tolerancepolicies.Alreadylastweek,storiesofstudentsbeingsuspendedorarrested-someturnedinbyfellowteens-werecominginfromacrossthenation.AndtheschooIs'newcredo:SiIenceisn'tgoIden.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.CharlesWilliamshadtriedtopreventhissonfromthekillingCharlesAndrewkepthisschemetoshootasatopsecretpeoplewhohadtheclueofthekillingdidnottakeAndrew'swordsseriouslyexcepttwosomeofAndrew'sclassmatesfoundarevolverinhisbackpack7.{{Bl}TEXTA{{/B}}SANTEE,CALIF—WhennewsbrokeaboutthemayhemandkillingatSantanaHighSchooIyCharlesWilliamsfranticallydashedtotheschooItomakesurehis15-year-oldsonwasn'thurt.AshesearchedthechaotictabIeauofsobbingteensandpanickedparents,Williamscalledagirl:"DeyouknowwhereAndyis"Herquietreply:"Withthecops."UntiIthatmoment,Williamsapparentlyhadnoideawhathisson,CharlesAndrew,hadplannedtothatmorningwhenhelefttheirsmalIapartmentinthistownnortheastofSanDigoo.But,sadIy,othershadaclue.Theteenhadbraggedtoseveralfriendsandatleastoneadult,29-year-oldChrisReynolds,abouthisschemetoshoothisclassmates.Someofhisfriendsthoughtitwassimplyblusterfromakid.YettwoofthemweresoconcernedthattheypattedWi11iamsdownthatmorning.Theydidn'tgofarenoughtofindhisfather's22-caIiber,long-barrelrevolverinWilliams'syellowbackpack.BombsandhitIists.Evenbeforelastweek'sshootingytheco11ectiveculturehadbeenchanging.Lastmonth,potentiaIdisasterswerefoiledinschooIsfromNewYorktoCaliforniabecausestudentsreportedtheirconcerns.JustdaysaftertheSantanaHighshooting,studentstippedoffpolicewhoarrestedahandfuIofkidsatseveralotherCaliforniaschooIsfora11egedIymakingthreatsthatincIudedpIottingtoputabombonateacher'sdeskanddrawingupahitlistof16students."ThecIimateischangingwhereyoungpeopIearemorewillingtoreportthreats,butthatchangeishappeningslowly."saysRonStephens,executivedirectoroftheNationaISchooISafetyCenter."Santeeiscertainlyalessoninthat.Wemustcontinua11yworkwithyoungpeopIeaboutwhyitisintheirinteresttocomeforward."That'stoughtask,consideringchiIdrenaretaughtaImostfromkindergarten,nottotattIe.Noonewantstobeaninformer,butasTomHall,SanDiegoschooIssecuritychief,says:"We'vegottogetkidstounderstandthatthereisapropertimetotell."ArecentSecretServicestudyfoundthatinmorethanthreequartersofschooIshootings,theattackertoldsomeone,almostalwaysapeer,abouthisplanbeforehand.Onlytwiceoutof37easesdidthatkidtelIanadult."Weaslaypeople,kidsandadults,don'tneedtomakethedecisionaboutwhethersomeoneisjoking,"saysMarcetaReilly,superintendentoftheKansasschooIdistrictwhereastudentlastmouthturnedinthreeteensforanaIIegedplottoblowuptheschooI."Itisimportanttoturnitovertosomeonewhocaninvestigateitproperly."OveralI,schooIviolenceisdown,despitetheoutpouringofhigh-profiIeshootingsthatoftenproduceimitatorsincludingmanyafterSantee.NoonewantedtotakeanychancesinEimiravN.Y.,wheretheentiretownhasworkedtopreventanotherCoIumbina.Lastmonth,studentsnoticedan18-year-oldstudentactingoddlyonthebus.AfterstudentstoldschooIauthorities,anofficerfound18pipebombsandasawed-offshotguninagreenbaganda22-semiautomaticpistoIf〇Idedinhistrousers.MWe,vetriedtofosteranewattitude:Thisisnotsnitching",saysChemungCountyDistrictAttorneyJohnTrice."Thesearekidswhohavedecided,'Idon'twantanyonetogethurt.'"BuiIies.SomecIassmatesdescribedAndyWilliamsasafriendly,quietkid.ButotherssaidhewasdeepIytroubled,disturbedbytheseparationfromhismother,whohadbeendivorcedfromhisfatherforabout10years.Theyoungsterwasalsoafrequenttargetofbu11ies.ExportsbeIievetheSanteeshootingwi11fuelaredoubIingofanti-buIlyingeffortsthatbeganafterColumbina.Coloradoisworkingonabi11thatwouldrequirealIschooIstodeveIopbully-preventionplans.AnewlawrequiresNewHampshireschooIboardstoadoptanti-buIlyingpolicies.Oregonisconsideringabi11thatwouldbanbullying.SomeparentsandciviIIibertariansmayworrythattheSanteeshootingwi11renewzealforCoIumbina-inspired,butmuchcriticized,zero-tolerancepolicies.Alreadylastweek,storiesofstudentsbeingsuspendedorarrested-someturnedinbyfeIlowteens-werecominginfromacrossthenation.AndtheschooIs'newcredo:SiIenceisn'tgoIden.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueStoneofthetreatscanberemoved.Youngpeopleplayaminorroleintippingthepoliceoffsomeaccidents.C.Itisfoundthattheattackerislikelytotellhisplanbeforehandtohispeer.D.Itisnotdifficulttomakeyoungpeopleunderstandwhyitisintheirinteresttotattle.8.{{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}SANTEE,CALIF—WhennewsbrokeaboutthemayhemandkillingatSantanaHighSchooIvCharlesWi11iamsfranticallydashedtotheschooItomakesurehis15-year-oldsonwasn'thurt.Ashesearchedthechaotictableauofsobbingteensandpaniekedparents,Williamscalledagirl:"DeyouknowwhereAndyis"Herquietreply:"Withthecops."UntiIthatmoment,Williamsapparentlyhadnoideawhathisson,CharlesAndrew,hadplannedtothatmorningwhenhelefttheirsmalIapartmentinthistownnortheastofSanDigoo.But,sadly,othershadaclue.Theteenhadbraggedtoseveralfriendsandatleastoneadult,29-year-oIdChrisReynolds,abouthisschemetoshoothisclassmates.Someofhisfriendsthoughtitwassimplyblusterfromakid.YettwoofthemweresoconcernedthattheypattedWilliamsdownthatmorning.Theydidn'tgofarenoughtofindhisfather1s22-caIiber,long-barrelrevolverinWilliams9syellowbackpack.BombsandhitIists.Evenbeforelastweek9sshooting,theco11ectiveculturehadbeenchanging.Lastmonth,potentiaIdisasterswerefoiledinschooIsfromNewYorktoCaliforniabecausestudentsreportedtheirconcerns.JustdaysaftertheSantanaHighshooting,studentstippedoffpoIicewhoarrestedahandfuIofkidsatseveralotherCaliforniaschooIsfora11egedIymakingthreatsthatincIudedpIottingtoputabombonateacher,sdeskanddrawingupahitlistof16students.MTheclimateischangingwhereyoungpeopIearemorewillingtoreportthreats,butthatchangeishappeningslowly."saysRonStephens,executivedirectoroftheNationaISchooISafetyCenter."Santeeiscertainlyalessoninthat.Wemustcontinua11yworkwithyoungpeopIeaboutwhyitisintheirinteresttocomeforward."That9stoughtask,consideringchiIdrenaretaughtaImostfromkindergarten,nottotattIe.Noonewantstobeaninformer,butasTomHall,SanDiegoschooIssecuritychief,says:"We'vegottogetkidstounderstandthatthereisapropertimetotell."ArecentSecretServicestudyfoundthatinmorethanthreequartersofschooIshootings,theattackertoldsomeone,almostalwaysapeer,abouthisplanbeforehand.Onlytwiceoutof37easesdidthatkidtelIanadult."Weaslaypeople,kidsandadults,don'tneedtomakethedecisionaboutwhethersomeoneisjoking,MsaysMarcetaReilly,superintendentoftheKansasschooIdistrictwhereastudentlastmouthturnedinthreeteensforanaIIegedplottoblowuptheschooI."Itisimportanttoturnitovertosomeonewhocaninvestigateitproperly."OveralI,schooIviolenceisdown,despitetheoutpouringofhigh-profiIeshootingsthatoftenproduceimitatorsincludingmanyafterSantee.NoonewantedtotakeanychancesinEimira,N.Y.,wheretheentiretownhasworkedtopreventanotherCoIumbina.Lastmonth,studentsnoticedan18-year-oldstudentactingoddlyonthebus.AfterstudentstoldschooIauthorities,anofficerfound18pipebombsandasawed-offshotguninagreenbaganda22-semiautomaticpistoIf〇Idedinhistrousers."We'vetriedtofosteranewattitude:Thisisnotsnitching",saysChemungCountyDistrictAttorneyJohnTrice."Thesearekidswhohavedecided,'Idon'twantanyonetogethurt.'nBuiIies.SomecIassmatesdescribedAndyWilliamsasafriendly,quietkid.ButotherssaidhewasdeepIytroubled,disturbedbytheseparationfromhismother,whohadbeendivorcedfromhisfatherforabout10years.Theyoungsterwasalsoafrequenttargetofbu11ies.ExportsbeIievetheSanteeshootingwi11fuelaredoublingofanti-bu11yingeffortsthatbeganafterCoIumbina.ColoradoisworkingonabiIIthatwouldrequirealIschooIstodeveIopbully-preventionplans.AnewlawrequiresNewHampshireschooIboardstoadoptanti-buIlyingpolicies.Oregonisconsideringabi11thatwouldbanbullying.SomeparentsandcivilIibertariansmayworrythattheSanteeshootingwiIIrenewzealforCoIumbina-inspired,butmuchcriticized,zero-tolerancepolicies.Alreadylastweek,storiesofstudentsbeingsuspendedorarrested-someturnedinbyfeIlowteens-werecominginfromacrossthenation.AndtheschooIsnewcredo:SiIenceisn'tgoIden.WhatdoesthelastparagraphtelIusA.AndyWilliams'parents'divorcehassomenegativeeffectsonhim.B.AndyWilliamswasratherpopularbecauseheusedtobequitefriendly.C.Anti-bullyingpoliciesareadoptedbyallschoolsinColorado.D.Silenceisstronglybannedinschools.{{B}}TEXTC{(/BJ)OncefoundalmostentirelyinthewesternUnitedStatesandinAsia,dinosaurfossiIsarenowbeingdiscoveredonalIsevencontinents.Ahostofnewrevelationsemergedin1998thatpromisetoreshapescientists'viewsofdinosaurs,includingwhattheyIookedIikeandwhenandwheretheyIived.ItisdoubtfuIthatTyrannosaurusRexhadIipsorthatTriceratopshadcheeks,saysLawrenceWitmer,anassistantprofessorofanatomyatOhioUniversityinAthens,Ohio.WitmerwasaleadingresearcherforastudyondinosauranatomythatwaspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforVertebratePaIeontoIogy,whichconeIudedonOctober3inSnowbird,Utah.Witmer9sstudyreacheditsconclusionsbyusinghigh-techcomputerizedaxialtomograpIy(CTorCAT)scansalongwithcomparativeanatomystudies.ForexampIetthetheorythatTriecratopsandsimilardinosaurspecieshadcheekswasbasedonpastcomparisonswithmammaIssuchassheep.ButWitmer1scarfulanalysisfoundthestructureofthetriceratopsjawandskulImadeitmorelikelythatTriceratopshadabeakIikethatofaneagle.WitmersaidthatscientistsshouIdusebirdsandcrocodilesasmodeIswhenresearchingtheappearanceofdinosaurs.InearlyOctoberscientistsannouncedthattheyhadconfirmedthediscoveryofanewtypeofceratopsiandinosaur.Thedinosaur'sbones,foundinNewMexicoin1996,areforeingpaIeontoIogiststorethinktheirtheoriesaboutwhenceratopsiausmigratedtowhatisnowNorthAmerica.Scientistspreviouslythoughtthatceratopsians,thegroupthatincIudedthewe11-knownTriceratops,arrivedinNorthAmericafromAsiabetween70millionand80mi11ionyearsago.Duringthistime,thelateGretaceousPeriod,theearth'stwosupercontinents-LaurasiainthenorthandGondwanaIandinthesouth-wereintheprocessofpullingapart,cuttingdinosaurpopuIationsofffromeachotherandinterruptingmigratorypatterns.ThefossiIizedbones,foundbyeight-year-oldChristopherWolfeandhisfather,paIeontoIogistDougWolfeoftheMesaSouthwestMuseuminArizona,datetoabout90millionyearsago.ThiscouldmeanthatceratopsiansoriginatedinNorthAmericaandmigratedtoAsiaratherthanthereverse,paleontologistssaid.DougWolfenamedtheimportantnewspeciesofdinosaurZuniceratopschristopheriafterhisson.AnexpeditionfromtheUniversitiesofAlaskainAnchorageandFairbankshasdiscoveredaregioninremotenorthernAlaskasorichinfossiIizeddinosaurtracksthatteammembersdubbedittheMdinoexpressway".Thetrampledareawasfoundduringthesummerof1998inAlaska9sNorthSlopeneartheBrooksRange.Theteamfound13newtracksitesandmadecastsfromtheprintsoffivedifferenttypesofdinosaurs.Therockinwhichtheprintswerefounddatestomorethan100miIIionyearsago,orabout25mi11ionyearsolderthanthepreviouslydiscoveredsignsofdinosaursintheArcticregion.PaIeontoIogistssaidthatthenewfindingsprovideimportantevidencethatdinosaursmigratedbetweenAsiaandNorthAmericaduringtheearlyandmid-CretaceousPeriod,beforeAsiasplitoffintoitsowncontinent.TworichfossiIsitesinthehillsofBoliviahavebeenrecentlydiscovered,excitingpaleontoIogistsanddinosaurbuffs.ThisdiscoveryincIudesoneofthemostspectaculardinosaurtrackwayseverfound.ThediscoveryofalargesiteinthemountainregionofKilaKilainsouthernBoliviawasannouncedinearlyOctober.Herescientistsfoundthetracksofatleasttwounknownspeciesofdinosaur.TheseincIudedalargequadruped(four-foot-ed)dinosaurthatwasprobablyabout20m(about70ft.)long.Theothersite,IocatednotfarfromtheBoliviancityofSucre,wasuncoveredinacementquarrybyworkersseveralyearsagobutwasnotbroughttopaIeontoIogists'attentionuntiIthemiddleof1998.ThesitefeaturesaverticalwalIcoveredwiththousandsofdinosaurprintsrepresentingmorethan100differentspecies.Thetracksdatebacktobetween65mi11ionand70mi11ionyearsago.SincedinosaursarebeIievedtohavediedoutaround65mi11ionyearsago,theprintswerelikelymadebysomeofthelastdinosaursonearth.ScientistsspecuIatedthatthetracksweremadeattheedgeofalakeorswampandwerethenhardenedandpreserved.Therockcontainingthetrackswasthenpushedintoaverticalpositionovermillionsofyearsofgeologicactivity.Dinosaureggshavealsobeenfoundatthesite,whichpaIeontoIogistsareworkingtopreservebeforeitfaIIsvictimtoerosion.PaleontologistshopetostudythesiteandlearnaboutthedietandphysicaIcharacteristiesofthedinosaursthatarerepresentedthere.Witmer'sresearchleadspeopIetobeIieve.TyrannosaurusRexhadlipsandTriceratopshadcheeksdinosaursmighthavelookedlikemammalssuchassheepdinosaursmightnothavelookedlikewhatwethoughtD.dinosaursmusthavelookedlikebirdsorcrocodiles{{BHTEXTB({/B}}At5:30inthemorningwearedeepinadarkforestonanisIandinthemiddIeofthePanamaCanaI.We'vebeenoutwalkingforonIy15minutes,butrmalreadysoakedinsweat.Asaco11eagueandIpIodaIong,myheadIamppicksouttheoccasionaItraiImarker,butmainlytheIightseemstooperateasamajorlocallandmarkforinsects.SeveralmosquitoeshaveaIreadydiscoveredthedelightsofthesoftpartsofmyears,whileothersareslowlyworkingtheirwaybetweenmysocksandlegstobediscoveredlateraftermuchscratching.SuddenIyaderangedroaringandbarkingstarts25mabovemyheadandbuildschaotica11yandintensitybeforeslowlyquietingafterseveralminutes.Similarmadchorusesrespondfromotherareasoftheforest.HearingthedawncacophonyofhowlermonkeysaIwaysgivenmeadeepsenseofpleasure-thejoyofbeingbackinthetropics.Itmaybeahot,humidplacewhereinsects,plantsandfungirule,butthephoneandfaxwon'tfindmehere.I'mfreetowatchmonkeys,co11ectdataandtrytoteaseoutatinypieceofthegreatpuzzIeoflife'sdiversity.Thatdiversityfacesdisaster,andeverybiologisthasahorrorstorytotell.Eachyearmanyofusreturntothefieldafteracoldwinter'steachingtodiscoverthat-ourresearchsiteshavebeendestroyedandourexperimentsandstudyorganismshavedisappeared.Wecanseewithourowneyesthemassexterminationoftheworld9sanimalandplantIifeasforests,savannasandwetIandsgivewaytofarmland,housingdeveIopmentsandshoppingmalls.Ifcurrentratesofhabitatdestructioncontinue,itislikelythatwewi11condemnfromaquartertohalftheworId'scurrentlyIivingspeciestoextinetionwithinthenext100years.NowhereisIifemorediversethanintropicalrainforests,andnowhereistheassaultonIifemoretragic.ScientistsareonlybeginningtounderstandthecompIexwebsofinterdependenciesamongvariousspecies.Increasingly,ecologicalresearchinthetropicsinrevealinghowdependenthumansareonforestsforawidevarietyofimportantservices,particularlyreguIationoftheearth'satmosphereandclimate.WemayoweasmuchtotheresidentsoftherainforestsaswedoourcattIe,cornandwheat.MuchofourunderstandingoftropicaI-forestb!〇IogycomesfromresearchonBarroColoradoIsland,a1,600-hectaredotinthemiddleof