同位语从句讲解及练习

同位语从句讲解及练习同位语从句讲解及练习同位语从句讲解及练习xxx公司同位语从句讲解及练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度同位语从句◆◆◆辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1.名词作同位语Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引语作同位语Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗”4.句子作同位语ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。◆◆◆同位语从句用法一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。）I’vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形；should可省）TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome你在哪儿听说我不能来二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句。）1.连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句A、连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导同位语从句1).Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）2).Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.（who作主语）B、连接副词when,where,how,why引导同位语从句Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback．我不知道他什么时候回来。MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。◆◆◆定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是thathewillcome，故that引导的是同位语从句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.被修饰词语的区别A．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。例如：①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate．②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed．③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody．④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。B．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如：①IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing．②Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback．在①句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。3.引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A．引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。例如：①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting．②Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语。B．引导词when，where，why引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。例如：①IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy．②Wehavenoideawhenshewasborn．在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成onwhich的形式；在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。③ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago．④Heputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld．在③句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成inwhich的形式；在④句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。⑤Thisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeeting．⑥TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent．在⑤句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成forwhich的形式；在⑥句中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。◆◆◆同位语从句-相关语法1、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome你在哪儿听说我不能来3、同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。4、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea,situationthought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。HowdidthecheatsexplainthefactthattheEmperordidn'tfeelthenewclothesinhim皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。Youmustseetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.(=Youmustseetoit,andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground(s),ontheunderstanding,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式ThereBE+nodoubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。练习题1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.

A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact

2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow_______."

A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefrom

B.fromwhatcityshecome

C.whatcitydoesshecomefrom

D.whatcityshecomesfrom

makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever

4.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.

A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgetting

C.IgotD.thatIgot

5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

6.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.

A.didhedothatB.hedidthat

C.hedidD.hehasdoneso

7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.

A.howheisgettingalong

B.howishegettingalong

C.whatheisgettingalong

D.whatishegettingalong

8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

9.Heaskedme________withme.

A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwas

C.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis

10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.

A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat

11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.

A.isnotknownB.arenotknown

C.hasnotknownD.havenotbee

wonderhowmuch________.

A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcost

C.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts

13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.

A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforisnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved________.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace25.Doyouhappentoknow________A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.

A.howyouhaveobserved

B.howwhatyouhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobserved

D.howthatyouhaveobserved

27.Wheredoyouthink________

A.hashegoneB.hashebeen

C.he'sgoneD.washe

28.Doyouknow________

A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld

B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld

C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldis

D.whatthepopulationoftheworldis

29.Wouldyougoandsee________outside

A.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappened

C.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen

30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.

A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I

IthinkheisCharles.

A.Whodoyouthinkheis

B.Doyouthinkwhoheis

C.Whomdoyouthinkheis

D.Doyouthinkwhoheis

32.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom________.

A.theylivedB.theylivedin

C.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein

33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.

A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat

34.Thecityisnolonger________.

A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe

35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat

wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.

A.If...doB.That...do

C.If...doesD.That...does

wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof

A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how

didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo

A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where

ofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.

A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat

40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.

A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which

41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."

A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfather

C.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris

42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago

A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich

43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.

A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat

allknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.

A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever

45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.

A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46.Sheasked________.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose

51.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.

A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how

52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.

A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor

istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.

A.WhicheverishardB.Nomatterwhatishard

C.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard

theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.

A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which

55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.

gowillgowegowego

wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.

A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what

youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

58.Youcan'timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.

A.What…thatB.That…what

C.Why…thatD.If…what

goingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.

A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who

'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.

A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That

housewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.

A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whatwon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thiscomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodywillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.Howdayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.whereproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.wholooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.likeis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatfact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.howI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.wasyoutellme__________

A.whoisthatgentleman

B.thatgentlemaniswho

C.whothatgentlemanis

D.whomisthatgentleman

theroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who

78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.

A.thatwhatB.thatC.whatD.how

79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such

80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.

A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat

81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X

82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebest

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether

83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.

A.whatthoseB.thatofthose

C.thatallofD.whichofthose

84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.

A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When

85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.

A.who…thatB.who…X

C.what…XD.how…that

86.Shetookitforgranted________I'dbebackhomeanhourago.

A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when

87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.

A.forB.thatC.whenD.how

88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.

A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that

89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.

A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow

90.LastSundayhepromised_____