2019高考英语短文改错解题技巧语文

第第页高考英语短文改错解题技巧（1）一、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型1、谓语动词的时态和语态2、句子结构和句子完整性3、名词单复数及主谓一致问题4、上下文语意和代词5、介词固定搭配6、固定（习惯）用法7、形容词和副词是否误用及其比较等级是否正确；8、冠词。取舍与选择是否正确9、连词和从句引导词10、非谓语动词的形式是否正确短文改错口诀短文改错要做好，常见类型要记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”，“多”，“少”。动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。连，代，形，副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多，漏，误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。语法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找二、命题趋势词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑，一致关系：包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。平行结构：包括动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接口：and,or,but,neither...nor..aswellas等.3•非谓语动词的用法：如to的省略，过去分词与现在分词的误用等。4．多余词：常常是介词、副词等的多余。5．词性的混用。6．行文逻辑判断等。“短文改错意识原则”表个数/类型10改错具体内容多缺词2-3be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、二大从句引出词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词8-7连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等尝试原则表类型具体内容动词时态、语态、主谓致；非谓语动词(不定式、分词动名词)名词可数不可数、单数还是复数(单数是否与不定冠词连用，复数形式是否正确)冠词到底是用定冠词、不定冠词还是零冠词连词行文逻辑即上下文意义是否连贯致；二大从句引出词是否正确词性断定所需词到底是形容词还是副词或名词注意：所改内容应最贴近原文；可改可不改的，按不改对待。三、短文改错错误类型:一)词法的测试名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。eg:1)Ihavemanyhobby,suchasfootball,sing,listenmusic.Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式;playingfootball是一项运动，football只是一种球；sing和listento要用动名词形式。Doexercisesdogoodtoourhealthy.exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，doexercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词，这里要用名词形式。Readingbooksisoneofmyhobby.oneof后的名词应用复数形式。代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。Hedrovetoofast,andthepolicestoppedher.前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that而不是which。冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a,该用a(n)却用了the.1meanttowriteletterandtellyouallthethings…letter为可数名词，故write后应加a.Ilikeplayingthefootball.去theHeisahonestboy.a改为an介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.thanksb.forsth.为固定搭配，故应将with改为forI'mthehappiestinall.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为of.Underthehelpofmyfather,I.under改为withHewenttoBeijinginnextSunday.in改为on形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。IhadnotinterestinEerest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名词ThesearethehappiergirlsI'veeverseen.(NMET2019)此处有I'veeverseen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为happiest.Youcanborrowabookveryeasy.easy改为easily.Thesebooksareveryworthreading.用well修饰连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题。平行结构常借助与并列连词and,or,but,notonly.butalso.,.not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,aswellas等。1)Asithasbeenrainingthesedays,sowehavedecidedtoputoffoursportsmeeting.由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so去掉。2)Thepopulationisgrowing,buttheearthmustsupporttoomanypeople.根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误;动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。1)动词的时态、语态错误Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.takephotos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.Thebookyouborrowedfromthelibraryshouldreturnedinfivedays.根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。Inschool,Ioftenplayingfootballformyfriends.playing改为play;for改为with易混动词使用错误Ipersuadedhimtostopsmoking,buthedidn'tlisten.persuade意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句hedidn'tlisten可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为advised.b.Youpleaseriseyourhands.rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用raiseyourhands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。非谓语动词使用错误Wearelookingforwardtoseeyouonthebirthdayparty.lookforwardto中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.I'msorryIkeepyouwaitforalongtime.Igotcaughtinthetraffic.在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keepdoingsth.;keepsb.(sth).doingsth.;keep...fromdoing...等.I'dliketoyourpenfriend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.keepadiary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.Inmysurprise,hedidverywellinhispreviousjob.Toone'ssurprise是固定搭配Ithoughtthatwasdulltowatchagame.(NMET2019)此题考查it的功能，It+be+adj.+todo为固定结构。..theactivitiesarenotonlyenjoyableandalsohelpful.解析：notonly.butalso.为固定结构，故将and改为but.Ihavenodifficultylearnmaths.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.为固定结构6）Hespendstoomuchtimeplaygames.spendsometime（in）doingsth.为固定结构（二）句法的测试：主谓语在数上的一致；Ihopeeverythingareokwithyou.are改为is名词性从句；Amancameuptohimandaskedthatheneeded.that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。定语从句；Thiswouldsavethelifeofmanyanimals,someofthenhavealmostdiedout.them改为which强调句型；Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who...Itwasin1949whenhejoinedthearmy.when改为that句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。（三）语篇的测试语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。四、复习建议：除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。（一）改前通读全文,切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇（详见考查要点）角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。改错真题（2019•陕西卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactor.Ididn'thavemycamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometoget.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandactorcouldn'tbeseeneverywhere.Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding.Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme!Icouldn'tbelievemyluck-notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!（2019•全国II）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）DearGeorge,It'sbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenow76.backhome.Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaround77.yourcityandprovidingusforthewonderfulmeals.After78.wesaidgoodbyetoyou,wewenttoWashingtonD.C.,79.wherewestayedforthreedays.Mybrotherwassomuchfond80.ofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostaying81．anothercoupleofday.However,myfatherhadtoreturnto82.workonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.It83．wasreallyaniceexperience.Ifyou'dliketomaketripto84.ourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.85.Yours,Mike（2019•四川卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthe66.morningandwasalwayslatewithwork..Hisbosswantedto67.firehimifhedidn'tstartcomingontime,buthewentto68.thedoctorforahelp.Thedoctorgavehimsome69.medicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.70.Themandidistoldandslept.leallywill,wakeupbefore71.thealarmhadevengoneoff.Hehadtimeforaproperly72.breakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.“Boss,”he73.said,”thatmedicinereallyworks!”“I'mpleasingtohear74.it,”saidhisboss,“butwherewereyouyesterday?”（2019•全国新课标卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangZhou.IwasgoingtovisitafriendhereandafterthatIwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.IboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfromthefloorandthenIrealizedthatsomeonehadstolenit.LuckilyIhadallmymoneyonmypocket,buttheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelenttomelotsofclothes.IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.（2019•重庆卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1份，满分10分）TodayisSunday.I'vebeeninCanadafortwomonths.ThisisthefirsttimethatI'vebeenawaymyfamilyforsucha76.longtime.WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme,I've77.soongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.Katia,like78.manyotherRussiangirls,areniceandlively.Webecame79.friendsshortlyafterwemeeteachother.AlthoughherEnglish80.isalittlehardlytounderstand,weenjoychattingandwe81.usuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.We'rebothsurprised82.thatChinesecultureorRussianculturearesodifferent.Now,83.weareplanningasmallpartyforthenextSunday.There,Katia84.willintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeen85.toChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan'twait.【答案】LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.Ididn'thavemymakingactorscamerawithmeatthattime,butIrushedbackhometogetA.Unfortunately,so/anditbythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthesceneandactorcouldn'tbeseenhadeverywhere.IwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutAaanywheredisappointedofbuilding.Hewasrightthereinthefrontofme!Icouldn'tbelievemyluck-notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!have（2019•全国II）76.aftersince77.themus78.forwith79.正确80.去掉much81.stayingstay82.daydays83.flyflew84.trip前a85.bettermore（2019•四川卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）66、改troubles为trouble67、改with为for68、改but为so69、去a70、改them为it71、改wake为waking72、改properly为proper73、reach前加to74、改pleasing为pleased75、7（2019•全国新课标卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyabuy改为buyingtickettoHangZhou.IwasgoingtovisitafriendhereandafterthatIwouldgotohere改为thereXiamenforAlongholiday.Iboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfor后加Abut改为andfromthefloorandthenIrealizedthatsomeonehad