




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
Section PartBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften ,orbetterthananactualperformance.asgoodasgoodMypain apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthemanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeeling?”mustmusthavehadtoTheseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookformeshecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.evermuchevenifObservationsweremade thechildrenatthebeginningandatofpreschoolandgrade.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.istoAsafety theasapotentialdanger.Unfortunay,itwasneverdone.wouldwillwouldhavewillhaveThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwas.oflastthoseoflastofthoseoflastthatoflastForthere successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.towillTherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIto
whathethoughtwasareasonforthisNoonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythinggoingonintheworld.itastherewhatPartBEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)I’dratheryouwouldA
bytrain,becauseIcan’tB
theideaofyourCinanairplaneinD
badIt’sessentialthatpeopleA
abletoresistthe
bythetransitionfromD
economytomarketSomebossesdisliketoA
peopletoB
theirresponsibilities;they
importantmattersD
intheirownEachcigarette rsonsmokesA
harm,andeventuallyCmaygetaseriousdiseasefromD
Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikelytosucceedintheirAthanareC
littleA
muchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsB
thelifecycleofinsectthatC
notfullyDIn1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwasA
inGermany
ofNazismC
hewasdrivenD
GermanybecausehewasaThedataA
fromthetwoB
whirlingaroundMarsCthatthereismuchevidencethathugethunderstormsareD
aboutequatoroftheGenerallyspeaking,thebirdflyingA
ourpathisobserved,andtheBstayingonthetreenearatC
ispassedbywithoutanynoticeD
ofMercury’svelocityissoA
greaterthantheB
thatitcompletesthanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimeC
takestheEarthcompleteDPartCBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywe hunghungcutcutShewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.somesomeMs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobewitheveryonewhocomestothestore.Hedoes asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisDozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.atatatatWhentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovidea tocarryingyourmoneyincash.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassuchaChangingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely myideastoproveyourpoint.Language,culture,and alitymaybeconsidered ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.separaWatchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto herlaughter.holdholdholdholdThemanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforherattitudetowardcustomers. withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewItisstrictly cesstosisdeniedtoallbutafew.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin againnextspring.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25ththebirthofJesusChrist.inaccordanceintermsinfavorinhonorSinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam tocarryingouttheItwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit wellaswehadhoped.camewentbroughtmadeTosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemustthequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-market ClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(10Vitaminsareaniccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,41dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor42foodsintoenergyandbodyTherearethirteenormoreofthem,and ismissingadeficiency Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and nitrogen.Theyaredifferent theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnutritionaluse vitamins.Many ,believeinbeingthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.[A][A][A][A][A][A]insosuchexcept[A][A][A][A] IReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinteralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,lanthe,makeashoplist,decidewhichfoodtocook,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpr,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcaninligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications,willpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyreasonablyconnectedWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?You’llcertainlygetwhatyouIt’snouseYoushouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouIt’sessentialtosetagoalforAblueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassage.anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforaanindicationofhowtosecureagoodaguidelineforjobaprincipleforjobAccordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause thatisthesteptopleasethethatistherequirementoftheitenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisitforceshim eclearlyawareofWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething definitetoimaginarytopracticaltodesirabletoWiththestartofBBCWorldServiceevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogrammesandfiforanannuallicensefeeof£83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastinganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinThedebatewaslaunchedbytheernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkee.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheanizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation--ofwhomtherearemany--arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke,”theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels–ITVandChannel4--wererequiredbytheThatcherernment’sBroadcastingActto emorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsalitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions--whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongTheworldfamousBBCnow theproblemofnewanuncertaininquiriesbyteralshrinkageofInthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue?ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarProgrammesasthesubjectofanation-widePotentialsforfurtherinternationalItsexistenceasabroadcastingTheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph4)stands thefinancialsupportfromtheroyaltheprivilegesgrantedbytheacontractwiththeauniquerelationshipwiththeroyalTheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnoother.theemergenceofcommercialTVtheenforcementofBroadcastingActby theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandthechallengeofnewsaliteInthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“labour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalanizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,im almanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheir es,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliar alknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuch alrelationsimpossible.Fortunay,however,theincreasingpowerandanizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.It’strueoftheoldfamilyfirms theywerespoiledbytheyoungertheyfailedforlackofindividualtheylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderntheycouldsupplyadequateservicestotheThegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresulted theseparationofcapitalfromtheownershipofcapitalbytheemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwotheparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsofthetheoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirthelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunthetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiveTheauthorismostcritical familyfilmWhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchastheegraph,theboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethat edthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandAcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshaforces--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementaryenthusiastictheattractivepremiumaspecialwayofItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmerican benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalshedlightondisciplinedschoolwasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhomeowedalottothetechnologicalAtechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartist theyarebothwinnersoftheyarebothexpertsinspatialtheybothabandonverbaltheybothusevariousThebesttitleforthispassagemight Inventive[B]Waysof[D]OutpouringofRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes--andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolution“Creationism”inthepassagerefers evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheanotionofthecreationofthescientificexplanationoftheearththedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheKitcher’sbookisintended mendtheviewsoftheexposethetruefeaturesofcursebitterlyatthislaunchasurpriseattackonFromthepassagewecaninfer reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthecreationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonevolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-creationismissupportedbyscientificThispassageappearstobeadigest abookascientificpamagazinea rSectionIVEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71)Someofthesecausesarecompleyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake, sinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthataernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotime,questionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73)Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupport
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 人教版高中语文第三册项脊轩志 同步练习基础知识
- bot工程合同范例
- 写劳务合同范例软件
- 农业土地合同范例
- 农资店转租合同范例
- 企业移动光钎合同范例
- 代理公司合作合同范例
- 临电合同范例
- 仓储车辆合同范例
- 2022年全国道路交通安全法律法规知识考试题(附含答案)
- 2025年阜阳职业技术学院单招职业适应性测试题库带答案
- 小学生羽毛球课课件图片
- 2025年新公司法知识竞赛题库与答案
- 2025年新人教版物理八年级下册全册教案
- 2024年铁岭卫生职业学院高职单招语文历年参考题库含答案解析
- 2024年哈尔滨应用职业技术学院高职单招职业技能测验历年参考题库(频考版)含答案解析
- 形象设计师三级习题库及答案
- 2025届高考英语复习读后续写练习+男孩与爱犬:失而复得的温暖+课件
- 2025上半年四川绵阳市北川县事业单位招聘工作人员拟聘高频重点提升(共500题)附带答案详解
- 厂中厂安全知识培训
- 高速铁路设计规范-12.综合接地(第一稿)提交
评论
0/150
提交评论