释疑与精练21定语从句与主谓一致-小升初英语冲刺阶段语法重难点释疑与精练（全国通用）

小升初英语冲刺阶段语法重难点释疑与精练21.定语从句与主谓一致【重难点梳理】一、定语从句定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导1、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：Themanwho//hatIsawattheschoolgateyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。2、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词1）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系2）关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：Iamwaitingfortheboywho/thatiswearingaredcoat.（主语）先行词关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。Thedictionaiythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.（宾语）先行词关系代词我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。ThewomanishismotherwhosenameisLindaBrown.（定语）先行词关系代词那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达・布朗。Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.（状语）先行词关系副词那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。二、主谓一致主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致，即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。意义一致，即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。(一)语法一致原则主语采用单数形式时，谓语动词也要采用单数形式；主语采用复数形式时，谓语动词也要采用复数形式。.当and连接两个或多个名词，或both,.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和麦克是好朋友。.彳、定代t司either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。Everyoneiswaitingforthecomingsportsmeeting.每个人都等待着即将到来的运动会。.由each,each...andeach...,every,every...andevery...,oneof…等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenaflower.每个男生女生都领了一朵花。.主语后接有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。Mr.WhitewithtwofriendsisleavingforBeijing.怀特先生和两个朋友将动身去北京。.“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；"thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberofpeoplehaveappliedforthisjob.许多人都申请了这份工作。Thenumberofpeopleinourcompanyis230.我们公司员工人数为230。.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”或“分数或百分数十名词”等作主语口寸，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.许多人都去过那儿。.由“apair(akind,aseries.)+of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds.)+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Apairofglassesisleftontheground.一副眼镜遗落在地上。.某些只有复数形式的名词(clothes,trousers,shorts,shoes,gloves.)作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Mytrouserswerewornout.我的裤子穿破了。.不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Readingisinteresting.读书是有趣的。(-)意义一致原则谓语动调所用的单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念而定。.由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.这位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。.表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。Threemonthsisalongtime.三个月是个很长的时间。.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,class,group等)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。.people,police等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicearehelpingagirllookforherfather;警察正帮着女孩找爸爸。.oneandahalf的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用复数。Oneandahalfcakesareagoodmealforhim.一个半蛋糕对他来说是一顿美餐。有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则。

（三）就近原则ieither...or.neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母想看到我叔叔，我也想。Therebe…和Herebe...两种句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。Thereisatableandthreechairsintheroom.房间里有一张桌子和三把椅子。【提优精练】一、单选题1.Thebagonthedeskisnowmissing.A.IhaveputitB.thatIhaveputC.asIputit2.Thatwasallwehaddone.()A.whichA.IhaveputitB.thatIhaveputC.asIputit2.Thatwasallwehaddone.()A.whichB.whoC.that3.ThisisthewatchlastSunday.()D.whichcomesD.whomA.IboughtthatB.thatIboughtitC.whichIboughtD.TboughtwhichHedoesnotgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.()A.thisA.thisA.thisB.whatC.whoseD.whoA.thisB.whatC.whoseD.whoRosalikesmusicisquietandgentle.()A.whenA.whenA.whenB.thatC.whereD.whoA.whenB.thatC.whereD.whoHedoesnotgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.()A.whatB.whoseC.whoIstheriverthroughthattownverylarge?()A.whichflowsB.flowsC.thatflowingD.whoseflowsIsthisfactoryyouvisitedlastweek?()A.thisB,whereC.theoneD.inwhichAlltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.()A.thoseB.whichC.whatD.thatTheredroseistheonlyoneIreallike.()A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whomThereasonhewasabsentfromthemeetingwashiscarbrokedownontheway.()A.that;becauseA.that;becauseA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.that;thatD.for;that12.HelivesinavillageA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.that;thatD.for;that12.Helivesinavillage12.Helivesinavillagetherearealotoftrees.(A.there12.Helivesinavillagetherearealotoftrees.(A.thereA.thereB.whereC.thatD.which13.Thechildrenhappy.()A.amB.isC.areA.thereB.whereC.thatD.which13.Thechildrenhappy.()A.amB.isC.aresotall.()A.areA.areA.areB.isC.amA.areB.isC.am15.HereA.amB.isC.areD.beMissGreenateacher.(A.amB.isC.are—Whereyoufrom?()15.HereA.amB.isC.areD.beMissGreenateacher.(A.amB.isC.are—Whereyoufrom?()一I'mfromtheUK.A.areB.isC.am18.Amywithherdolls.(likeplayingA.areB.isC.am18.Amywithherdolls.(likeplayinglikeplayinglikesplayinglikesplay19.Theselikeplayinglikesplayinglikesplay19.These19.Thesecarrots.()A.amB.isC.are19.Thesecarrots.()A.amB.isC.are20.Thethirdandthefourthpeas20.Thethirdandthefourthpeaslazy.(A.was20.Thethirdandthefourthpeaslazy.(A.wasA.wasB.wereC.is21.aremyfavouriteCarrot;vegetableTea;drinkHamburgers;foodA.wasB.wereC.is21.aremyfavouriteCarrot;vegetableTea;drinkHamburgers;food22.John*sfatherandJohn'smotherarehisA.parentA.parentA.parentB.parentsC.cousin23.PeteroftenChinesefood.()A.cookB.cooksA.parentB.parentsC.cousin23.PeteroftenChinesefood.()A.cookB.cooksC.cooking24.24.arerowingadragonboatonthelake.(A.AmanB.SixmenC.SixmanThewhiteisakite.()A.AmanB.SixmenC.SixmanA.oneB.twoC.threeA.oneB.twoC.threeTherenocomputersorInternetinmytime.()A.areA.areA.areB.wasC.wereA.areB.wasC.wereMeatokay.()A.amB.isC.areThereisunderthetree.()A.aboxandthreedogsB.threedogsandaboxC.dogsandboxesA.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsA.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsD.NotthestudentsbuttheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsD.NotthestudentsbuttheteacherKatelookingforherwatch.()A.isA.isA.isB.amC.areD.beA.isB.amC.areD.beThereaparkmyhome.()A.is;nearB.is;neartoC.are;nearD.are;neartoThereabankbesidemyhome.()A.isB.areC.beD.canThree-fourthsofthebuildings.()B.isdestroyedB.isdestroyedB.isdestroyedA.wasdestroyedC.weredestroyedD.hasbeendestroyedB.isdestroyedistoattendourevening.()A.BoththesingerandthedancerB.EitherthesingerordancersC.ThesingerordancersD.ThesingeranddancerJenny,DannyandLiMingshopping.()D.be)D.are;areA.isB.amD.be)D.are;areA.is;isB.is;areC.are;is二、判断正(T)误(F),并改正37.1sawasignthatwrote,"Bequiet,please!”()Whoisthewomanwhichtalkedwithyouyesterdaymorning?()WhereisthepenIboughtlastweek?()三、对划线部分提问按要求改句子(1)Hewasdoinghishomeworkateightlastnight.(改为否定句)(2MybrotheriswatchingTVnow.(用thistimeyesterday改写句子)MyfatherwassearchingtheInternetatthatmoment.(对画线部分提问)IwassurfingtheInterne