新视野大学英语读写教程2第一册原文与翻译uint15

Unitla<pl>Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmost<2>rewarding</2>experiencesofmylife.<p2>Althoughattimeslearningalanguagewas<3>frustrating</3>,itwaswellworththeeffort.<p3>Myexperiencewithlearningaforeignlanguagebeganin<4>junior</4>middleschool,whenItookmyfirstEnglishclass.Ihadakindandpatientteacherwhooftenpraisedal1ofthestudents.<p4>Becauseofthisく5>positiveく/5>method,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchaboutmakingmistakes.<p5>Iwasatthetopofmyclassfortwoyears.WhenIwentto<6>senior</6>middleschool,IwaseagertocontinuestudyingEnglish;however,myexperienceinseniormiddleschoolwasverydifferentfrombefore.<p6>Whilemyく7>formerく/7>teacherhadbeenpatientwithal1ofthestudents,mynewteacherquicklypunishedthosewhogaveincorrectanswers.Wheneverweansweredincorrectly,shepointedalongstickatusand,shakingitupanddown,shouted,"No!No!No!"<p7>Itdidn'ttakemelongtolosemyeagernesstoanswerquestions.<p8>NotonlydidIlosemyjoyinansweringquestions,butIalsolostmydesiretosayanythingatallinEnglish.However,thatstatedidn,tlastlong.WhenIwenttocollege,IlearnedthatallstudentswererequiredtotakeanEnglishcourse.<p9X8>Unlike</8>myseniormiddleschoolteacher,mycollegeEnglishteacherswerepatientandkind,andnoneofthemcarriedlong,pointedsticks!<plO>Thesituationwasfarfromperfect,though.Asourclasseswereverylarge,Iwasonlyabletoansweracoupleofquestionsineachclassperiod.Also,afterafewweeksofclasses,InoticedthereweremanystudentswhospokemuchbetterthanIdid.<pll>Ibegantofeel<9>intimidated</9>.So,onceagain,althoughfordifferentreasons,Iwasafraidtospeak.ItseemedmyEnglishwasgoingtostayatthesamelevelforever.<pl2>ThatwasthesituationuntilacoupleofyearslaterwhenIwasofferedan<10>opportunity</10>tostudyEnglishthroughan<1l>online</l1>course.The<12>communication</12><13>medium</13>wasacomputer,aphoneline,anda<14>modem</14>.<pl3>Isoongotく15>accessく/15>tothenecessaryequipment,learnedhowtousethetechnologyfromafriendand<16>participated</16>inthe<17>virtual</17>classroom5to7daysaweek.<pl4>0nlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy;itrequiresalotoftime,<18>commitment</18>and<19>discipline</19>tokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse.<pl5>Iworkedhardtomeetthe<20>minimum</20>standardssetbythecourseandtocomplete<21>assignments</21>ontime.Ipracticedallthetime.IcarriedalittledictionarywithmeeverywhereIwent,aswellasanotebookinwhichIlistedanynewwordsIheard.<pl6>Imademany,sometimes<23>embarrassing</23>,mistakes.<pl7>0nceinawhileIcriedoutof<24>frustration</24>,andsometimesIfeltlikegivingup.<pl8>ButIdidn'tfeelintimidatedbystudentswhospokefasterthanIdidbecauseItookal1thetimeIneededtothinkoutmyideasandwroteareplybefore<25>posting</25>itonthescreen.<pl9>Then,onedayIrealizedIcouldunderstandjustabouteverythingIcameacross,andmostimportantly,Icouldsay"anythingIwantedtoinEnglish.<p20>AlthoughIwasstillmakingmanymistakesandwas<27>continually</27>learningnewwaystosaythings,Ihadfinally<28>reaped</28>the<29>benefits</29>ofallofmyhardwork.<p21>Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.<p22>Notonlydidlearninganotherlanguageteachmethevalueofhardwork,butitalsogaveme<30>insights</30>intoanotherculture,andmymindwasopenedtonewwaysofseeingthings.ThemostwonderfulresultofhavinglearnedaforeignlanguagewasthatIcould<31>communicate</31>withmanymorepeoplethanbefore.Talkingwithpeopleisoneofmy<32>favorite</32>activities,sobeingabletospeakanewlanguageletsmemeetnewpeople,participateinconversations,andformnew,unforgettablefriendships.<p23>NowthatIspeakaforeignlanguage,insteadofstaringintospacewhenEnglishisbeingspoken,Icanparticipateandmakefriends.<p24>Iamabletoreachouttoothersandbridgethe<33>gap</33>betweenmylanguageandcultureandtheirs.学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之ー。虽然时常遭遇挫折,但却非常有价值。我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心,时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法,我踊跃回答各种问题,从不怕答错。两年中,我的成绩一直名列前茅。到了高中后,我渴望继续学习英语。然而,高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前,老师对所有的学生都很耐心,而新老师则总、是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了,她就会用长教鞭指着我们,上下挥舞大喊:“错!错!错!”没有多久,我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣,而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学,我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭!不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大,每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后,我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同,但我却又一次不敢幵口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程,情况オ有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术,于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律,以跟上课程逬度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求,并按时完成作业。我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里,我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本,笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错,有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧,因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了,更重要的是,我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错,还有很多东西要学,但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历,但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义,而且让我了解了不同的文化,让我以ー种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的ー项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往,参与他们的谈话,并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语,别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中,并结交朋友。我能与人交流,并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。Unitlb<pl>Whileregularschoolsstillexist,thevirtualclassroomplaysanimportantroleintoday'slearning<l>community</l>.<p2>Jobopportunitiesforstudentsare<2>expanding</2>rapidlyandmorepeopleofallagesarebecoming<3>aware</3>ofonlinelearningthatallowsthemtostudyathome.<p3>0nlinestudents,however,requireく4>uniqueく/4>qualitiestobesuccessful.Thefollowinglistdiscussessome<5>ideal</5>qualitiesofsuccessfulonlinestudents.<p4>Beopen-mindedaboutsharinglife,work,andlearningexperiencesaspartofonlinelearning.Manypeoplefindthattheonlinemethodrequiresthemtousetheirexperiencesandthatonlinelearningoffersthemaplacetocommunicatewitheachother.<p5>This<6>forum</6>forcommunication<7>removes</7>the<8>visual</8><9>barriers</9>that<10>hinder</10>somestudentsfromexpressingthemselves.<p6>In<1l>addition</ll>,studentsaregiventimeto<12>reflect</12>ontheinformationbeforereplying.Inthisway,studentscanhelptokeeptheonline<13>environment</13>openandfriendly.Beabletocommunicatethroughwriting.<p7>Inthevirtualclassroomnearlyallcommunicationiswritten,soitis<14>critical</14>thatstudentsfeelcomfortableexpressingthemselvesinwriting.<p8>Somestudentshave1imitedwritingabilities,whichneedtobeimprovedbeforeoraspartoftheonlineexperience.Thisusuallyrequiresextracommitmentbythesestudents.Whetherworkingaloneorinagroup,studentsshareideas,<15>perspectives</15>anddiscussionsonthesubjectbeingstudied,andreadaboutthoseoftheirclassmates.<p9>Inthisway,studentsgaingreatinsightsfromtheir<16>peers</16>,learningfromeachotheraswellasthe<18>instructor</18>.<plO>Bewillingto"speakup"ifproblems<19>arise</19>.Rememberthatinstructorscannotseetheirstudentsinanonlinecourse.<pll>Thismeansstudentsmustbe<21>absolutely</21><22>explicit</22>withtheir<23>comments</23>andrequests.<pl2>Iftheyexperiencetechnicaldifficulties,orproblemsinunderstandingsomethingaboutthecourse,theyMUSTspeakup;otherwisethereisnowayanyonecanknowsomethingiswrong.Ifonepersondoesnotunderstandsomething,possiblyseveralothershavethesameproblem.Ifanotherstudentisabletohelp,heorsheprobablywill.<pl3>Whileexplainingsomethingtoothers,students<24>reinforce</24>theirownknowledgeaboutthesubject.Taketheprogramseriously.Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanstudyinregularclassrooms.Infact,manystudentssayitrequiresmuchmoretimeandeffort.<pl4X25>Requirements</25>foronlinecoursesarenolessthanthoseofanyotherqualityprogram.<pl5>Successfulonlinestudents,however,seeonlinelearningasaconvenientwaytoreceivetheireducation—notaneasierway.Manyonlinestudentssitatcomputersforhoursatatimeduringeveningsandonweekendsinordertocompletetheirassignments.<pl6>Whenotherpeoplearefinishedwiththeirworkandstudiesandhavingfun,you'llmost<26>likely</26>findonlinestudentsdoingtheircoursework.<pl7>0nlinestudentsneedto<27>commit</27>4to15hoursaweektoeachcourse.Acceptcriticalthinkinganddecisionmakingaspartofonlinelearning.Onlinecoursesrequirestudentstomakedecisionsbasedonfactsaswellasexperience.<pl8>Itisabsolutelynecessaryforstudentsto<28>assimilate</28>informationandmaketherightdecisionsbasedoncriticalthinking.Inapositiveonlineenvironment,studentsfeelvaluedbytheinstructorandbytheirclassmatesandfeelgoodabouttheirownwork.Beabletothinkideasthroughbeforereplying.<pl9X29>Providing</29>meaningfulandquality<30>input</30>intothevirtualclassroomisan<31>essential</31>partofonlinelearning.<p20>Timeisgiventoallowforcarefuldevelopmentofanswers.<p21>Testingandく32>challengingく/32>ofideasisencouraged.Onlinestudentswi11notalwaysberight,sotheyneedtobepreparedtoacceptachallenge.Keepupwiththeprogressofthecourse.<p22>0nlinelearningis<33>normally</33><35>sequential</35>andrequirescommitmentonthestudents'part.<p23>Keepingupwiththeclassandcompletingalltheworkontimeis<36>vital</36>.Oncestudentsgetbehind,itisalmostimpossibletocatchup.くp24>Studentsneedtowanttobethereandneedtowanttheexperience.<p25>Theinstructormayhavetocommunicatewithstudents<37>personally</37>toofferhelpandremindthemoftheneedtokeepup.<p26>Justasmanyexcellentinstructorsmaynotbe<38>effective</38>online<40>faci1itators</40>,notal1studentshavethenecessaryqualitiestoperformwellonline.Peoplewhohavethequalitiesdiscussedaboveusuallymakeverysuccessfulonlinestudents.Ifyouhavethesequalities,learningonlinemaybeoneofthebestdiscoveriesyouwillevermake.虽然常规的学校依然存在,但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。随着学生就业机会的迅速增多,越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方式。然而,网络学生需要具备ー些特别的素质才能取得成功。以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的ー些理想素质。.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验,这些是网上学习的一部分。许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验,同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。这ー交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。此外,学生在答题之前有时间逬行思考,这就使得网上环境开放而友好。.能通过书写逬行交流。虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。有些学生书面表达能力差,有待提高,可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。这常常需要他们加倍努力。不管是单独学习还是小组学习,学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解,并展开讨论,同时了解其他同学的意见。这样,学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发,既跟老师学,又互相学习。.说出你的困难。记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技术方面的问题,或在理解课程中遇到困难,必须大胆说出来,否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。如果某人不理解某个问题,或许别人也有同样的问题。如果有哪个学生能解决,他（她）也许就会帮助你。学生在给他人解释问题时,自己对该问题的认识也加深了。.认真对待课程。网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。事实上,许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。然而,取得成功的学生认为网上学习是ー种便捷的受教育方式,但并不容易。晚上或周末,为了完成作业,许多网络学生在电脑前ー坐就是几个小时。别人已完成作业和学习,开始玩耍,而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。.把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。对学生来讲,理解并消化信息,并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值,对自己的学习也感到满意。.二思而后答。在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分。要花时间斟酌并仔细作答,提倡对不同观点逬行验证和质疑。网络学生往往并不总、是对的;他们应做好准备,迎接挑战。.跟上课程逬度。网上学习通常是循序渐逬的,要求学生专心投入。与网络课程保持同步,并按时完成所有功课至关重要。一旦落后就很难赶上。学生要有成功的欲望,而且也要渴望这种经历。老师可能会与学生面对面交流,提供帮助并提醒他们跟上逬度的必要性。正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学ー样,并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。具备上述素质的人通常能够成为优秀的网络学生。一旦拥有这些素质,网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。Unit2a<pl>Theradio<2>clicked</2>on.Rockmusic<3>blasted</3><4>forth</4>.Likeashot,themusicwokeSandy.Shelookedattheclock;itwas6:15A.M.<p2>Sandysangalongwiththewordsasshelaylisteningtoherfavoriteradiostation.“Sandy,shoutedherfather."<p3>Sandy,turnthatmusicoff!"<p4>SteveFinch<5>burst</5>intoherroom.<p5>"Whydoyouhavetolistentosuch<6>horrible</6><7>stuff</7>?It'sthesamethingoverandover.I'mnotsureitisreallymusic,<p6>thoughitdoeshave<8>rhythm</8>.""Ilikethatmusic,Dad;it'smyfavorite.Listenforaminute;I'msureyou'11likeit."Sandyreachedfortheradiototurnituplouder."No,no,don'tdothat.<p7>Ican'tstandit.TurnthatradiodownsoyourmotherandIcan'thearit.I'msurethatmusicishurtingyourearsaswellasyourbrain."Sandywalkedintothebathroomandturnedontheshower.<p8>Thenshe<9>grabbed</9>thesoapandwashed<ll>thoroughly</ll>,includingherhair.Afterhershower,Sandybrushedherhair,putonherold,greenT-shirtandsomejeans.Thensheputonher<12>makeup</12>andwenttothekitchen.Asusual,shedidn'tknowwhattohaveforbreakfast,soshegrabbedaglassofmiIkandateapieceof<13>toast</13>whilestandingbythesink.Justthen,hermother,Jane,enteredthekitchen.“Sandy,whydon'tyousitdownandeatyourbreakfast?<p9>Itisn'thealthytoeatstandingup.""Iknow,Mom,butIdon'thavetimetositdownandeat.""Didyoufinishyourhomework,dear?""Yes.""Didyoubrushyourteeth?""Mom,Ihaven'tfinishedeatingbreakfastyet.<plO>I'11brushmyteethwhenI'mdone."“Sandy,whyareyouwearingthatoldT-shirt?<pll>It's<14>disgusting</14>."Mom,pleasestop.""Stopwhat,dear?""<pl2>Stop<15>bugging</15>me.""Sandy,areyouwearing<16>eyeliner</16>?""<pl3>Yes,Mom,I'vebeenwearingeyelinerformonths.Isn'titpretty?〃"SandyFinch,you'retooyoungtowearthatmuchmakeup."Mom,I'mfifteen.I'moldenoughtowearmakeup.Believeme,allthegirlsatschoolwearmakeup.Somehave<17>tattoos</17>and<18>pierced</18>ears,andnosesandtongues,too.Mom,Idon'thavetimetotalkaboutthisnow_1'mlate.I'vegottogo.Seeyoulater."Sandykissedhermotherquicklyonthecheek,pickedupherbooks,<pl4>and<19>bolted</19>outofthehouse.<pl5>AfterSandyhadleftforschool,JaneFinchsatdowninpeaceandquiettodrinkhercoffee.Soonherhusbandjoinedher."Wouldyoulikesomecoffee,Steve?"askedJane.*<pl6>No,thanks,honey.Mystomachfeels<20>upset</20>—likeit'sfullof<21>knots</21>.It,sprobablythat<22>awful</22>musicthatwakesmeupeverymorning.<pl7>Idon'tthinkI'mold-fashioned,buthearingthose<24>tuneless</24>,<25>offensive</25><26>lyrics</26>repeatedlymakesmybloodboil.”"Youknow,honey,<pl8>differentmusic<27>appeals</27>todifferentgenerations,"reasonedJane.Remembersomeofthemusicwelistenedto?”Stevesmiled."You'reright.<pl9>Maybeeatingbreakfastwillhelpmeget<28>rid</28>ofsomeoftheknotsinmystomach.""Didyounoticehowmuchmakeupourfifteen-year-o1ddaughterwaswearingthismorning?Ican'tbelieveIdidn'tnotice.Isupposeweshouldfeelluckybecausemakeupisourbiggestproblemwithher.I'veseenotherteenagerswalkingaroundtownwithtattoosand<29>piercings</29>allovertheirbodies."Whatworriesme,"saidSteve,"is<p20>thatmusiccouldhavea<30>negative</30><31>influence</31>onSandy.Idon'tknowwhat'shappeningtoourlittlegirl.She'schangingandI'mconcernedabouther.Makeup,terriblemusic—whoknowswhatwillbenext?Weneedtohaveatalkwithher.Thenewsisfullofstoriesaboutteenagersintroublewhoseparentshardlyknowanythingabouttheirproblems.""Oh,Idon'tthinkhermusicissoterrible.Butinanycase,you'reright.WeneedtohaveatalkwithSandy,"saidJane.AsJaneFinchdrovetowork,shethoughtaboutherSandy.Sheknewwhatshewantedtosay,whatshehadtosaytoSandy.Shewassogladthat<p21>sheandSandycouldstilltalkthingsover.<p22>Sheknewshehadtohaveく32>patienceく/32>andkeepthelinesofcommunicationwithherdaughteropen.<p23>Shewantedtobethereasan<33>anchor</33>forher,butatthesametimeshewouldgiveherfreedomtofindherown<34>identity</34>.收音机“咔嗒”一声,摇滚乐就大声地响开了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。她看了一下钟,早上6点一刻。她躺在床上,听着她喜欢的电台广播,嘴里哼着歌词。“桑迪,”她父亲喊道,“桑迪,把音乐关了!”史帯夫•芬奇冲逬她的卧室。“你为什么一定要听这么糟糕的音乐?还听了一遍又一遍。虽然有节奏，可恐怕不是真正的音乐。”“我喜欢这种音乐,爸爸。这是我最喜欢的。您听一下吧,您肯定会喜欢的。”桑迪伸手把音乐开得更响。“别,别幵那么响,我受不了。把收音机音量调低点,这样我和你妈妈就听不到了。我敢肯定,那音乐既伤你的耳朵，又伤你的大脑。”桑迪走逬浴室,打开淋浴喷头。然后她抓起香皂，浑身上下洗个遍,连头发也洗了。淋浴后,桑迪梳了梳头发,穿上一件旧的绿色圆领衫和一条牛仔裤。接着她化好妆,走进了厨房。和往常一样,她不知道早餐该吃什么,便抓了杯牛奶,站在洗涤槽旁吃烤面包。就在此时,她妈妈简走逬了厨房。“桑迪,你怎么不坐下吃饭?站着吃饭对身体不好。”“我知道,妈妈,可我没时间坐着吃。”“昨天做作业了吧,宝贝?”“做了。”“刷过牙了?”“妈妈,我还没吃完饭呢。吃完了再刷。”“桑迪,你怎么穿那件旧圆领衫呢?难看死了。”“妈妈,请别这样。”“别怎么样?”“别这样烦我。''“桑迪,你怎么描起眼线来了?''“我是描了,妈妈。我都描了几个月了。难道不漂亮?"“桑迪•芬奇,你还小,不能化这么浓的妆。"“妈妈,我都15岁了，到了可以化妆的年龄了。给您说实话吧,学校的女孩子都化妆,有些还文身,有的还戴耳环、鼻环、舌环呢。妈妈,我现在没时间给您说,我快迟到了,得走了。再见。"桑迪匆匆吻了一下妈妈的脸颊,拿起书冲出了屋子。桑迪离家上学后,简«芬奇平静地坐下来喝咖啡。没过一会儿,她丈夫走了进来。“史蒂夫,喝点咖啡吧?"简问道。“不，谢谢,亲爱的。我胃不舒服,心乱如麻。可能是因为那讨厌的音乐每天早上把我吵醒。我想我还不至于老得落伍吧,可没完没了地听那毫无韵律、令人讨厌的歌曲实在让我生气。”“你知道,亲爱的,不同年龄的人喜欢不同的音乐,"简劝说道。“还记得我们听过的一些音乐吗?"史帯夫笑了,“你说得有道理。也许吃点早饭能让我感觉好一点。"“你注意到了吗,今天早晨我们15岁的女儿都化了什么样的妆?我真不敢相信自己以前没有注意到。我想我们应该感到幸运,因为我们女儿的最大问题还只是化妆。我看到其他年轻人在镇上游手好闲,还文身,浑身穿了许多洞。"“令我担心的是,"史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在変,我很担心她。化妆品,糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样?我们得和她谈谈。新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年,可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。"“哦,我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。但不管怎么说,你还是说得对,我们需要和桑迪谈谈,"简说道。去上班的路上,简•芬奇一面幵着车,一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么,得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流,这令她很高兴。她知道自己得有耐心,得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边,做她的保护人,同时又给她寻找自我的自由。Unit2bThetermgenerationgapwascoinedinthe1960s.Oneへ丄ノconceptく/1>ofthegenerationgapisthatparentsandchildrenhavedifferentvaluesandbeliefs.<pl>Asaresult,manyparentsfearthatpeeropinionswillbecomemorehighlyvaluedandthattheyinturnwillloseinfluence.Althoughthetermcontinuestobeusedoften,somepeoplearebeginningtoaskthequestion,“Isthereagenerationgapintoday1ssociety?"Onestudycomparedfourgenerations,aged18-30,31-48,49-62,and63andover.<p2>Severalquestionswereaskedtotapintobasicbeliefsandvalues,suchasHardworkisthekeytogettingahead"and"Americaistheverybestplaceintheworldtolivein".<p3>Acrossthegenerations,therewasgreatく2>consistencyく/2>inthe<3>responses</3>.Manystudiesonyouthalso<4>refute</4>theconceptofagenerationgap.<p4>Thesestudiesshowthatwhileyoungpeople<5>tend</5>tovaluetheirpeers'<7>evaluations</7>overparents'onthingslikemusic,clothingandwhat'scoo丄,<p5>theycontinuetolooktoparentsforbasicvaluesand<8>guidance</8>inthemoreimportantareasoflife,suchas<9>career</9>andlifetimegoals.Ofcourse,general<10>trends</10>can'talwaysbe<1l>applied</l1>to<12>individual</12>cases.Itisnaturaltofeellikethereisanuncomfortable"gap"betweenour<13>teens</13>andusandthatthereisaneedtobridgeit.<p6>Perhaps,though,theproblemdoesnotlieinadifferenceofopinionsorvalues,butinthewaywe<14>relate</14>toandcommunicatewitheachother.<p7>Herearesometipsfromanarticle<15>entitled</15>“BridgingtheGenerationGap"thatmighthelp.Showrespect.<p8>Anく16>attitudeく/16>ofrespectandtrustcanbe<17>contagious</17>.Youngpeopletendtoseethemselvesthewaytheirparentsseethem.Inturn,theygainく19>self-confidenceく/19>andrespectforthemselveswhenyoushowthatyourespecttheirabilitytomakedecisionsandlearnfromtheirmistakes.Listenmorethanyoutalk.<p9>Questioningcan<20>sound</20>1ike<21>interrogation</21>.<plO>Instead,<22>adopt</22>anattitudeof<23>curiosity</23>ratherthancontrol.Askquestionslike"Howso?""Whatdoyouthinknow?Wereyousurprised?"zWhatwillyoudonow?""What'syourplan?""Isthissomethingyouwanthelpwith?"<pll>Ifyourobjectisonlytolisten,youshouldbecarefulnottobepreparingyourresponsewhileyourteenissti11talking.You'11hearbetterthatway,andtheywillbeencouragedtotalkmore.<pl2>Askwhetheryourchildwantstohearitbeforesharingyourpointof<24>view</24>.Onlygooniftheysay"yes".Thenbebrief.Don'tlecture,anddon'texpectthemtoagreewithyou.<pl3>Ifyoustateyourcasewitha"Thisiswhatmakessensetome"attitudeas<25>opposed</25>to"Thisistherightwaytoseethings",heorshecanlistenmoreopenlyinsteadofplanning<26>rebel1ion</26>.Ininkweinsteadotyou.Wehave<27>chores</27>todobeforeweleavethehouse;howcanwetakecareofwhatneedstobedone?"<pl4>Anywayyoucangetacrossthemessage"We'reinthistogether"canhelpbridgegapsthat<28>conf1icts</28>mightotherwisecreate.Keepcalm.Youcaneasilydestroyyour<29>credibi1ity</29>bygettingangryortooexcitedduringaconversation.<pl5>Instead〇1You'reく30>ruiningく/30>yourlife!",say"I'mconcernedaboutwhatmighthappenif...""Whatdoyouthinkyoumightdoinasituationlikethat?"Don'tapplydoublestandards.Teenagerspaycloseattentiontodoublestandards.Don'texpectthemtofollowrulesyoudon'tfollowyourself.<pl6>Whetherit'saboutcheckinginbythephone,puttingthingsawayordrinkingoutofthemilkく31>cartonく/31>,DoasIsayandnotasIdo"willnotimprovetherelationship.<34>Admit</34>yourownmistakesandtalkaboutwhatyouarelearningfromthem.<pl7>Showing<34>self-acceptance</34>and<35>tolerance</35>for<37>imperfection</37>isveryencouragingtoteenagers(aswellasotherpeoplearoundyou)andtendstomakeyoueasierto<38>approach</38>withquestions,regretsandchallenges.Apologizewhenyouthinkyouhaddoneorsaidsomethingdifferently,<pl8>likelosingyourcoolorsayingsomething<39>hurtful</39>duringan<40>argument</40>.Enjoythem.<pl9>The<41>humor</41>,energyandsenseof<42>possibi1ity</42>teenagersoftenhavecan<43>awaken</43>parentstopositivesidesofthemselvestheyhadforgottenor<44>neglectedく/44>.Whenteensexperiencebeingliked,theyusuallyactmorelikeable.“代沟”这ー术语出现于20世纪60年代。代沟的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰。因此,很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观点,父母转而失去影响カ。虽然这个术语还是常常被使用,有人却开始问这个问题:“今天的社会还有代沟吗?”有一项研究比较了四代人:18-30岁的人,31-48岁的人，49-62岁的人，63岁和63岁以上的人,问了几个问题以了解人们对ー些问题的基本信仰和价值观,如“努力工作是成功之道’‘,“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人给出的答案非常接近。许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这ー观念的存在。这些研究显示,较之父母对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评价,年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解,与此同时,在生活中更重要的方面,如职业生涯、终身目标等,他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。当然,总趋势是不能时时用于个例的。觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的“代沟”,需要弥合它,这是自然的。然而,问题也许不在于见解和价值观的不同,而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方式。下面的建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章,也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。尊重他人。尊重与信任是能感染人的。年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待自己。反过来,当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中学习时,他们会因此而获得自信和自尊。多听少说。询问听起来可能像审问,不要这样。应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。问些这样的问题:“怎么会这样?你现在怎么看?当时吃惊吗?现在打算怎么做?你有什么计划?这事你是不是需要帮助?”如果你的目的只是听,在孩子说话时,你就需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答。这样你会听得更好,而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多。先问孩子是否想听,然后オ说你的观点。只有当孩子说“是’’时オ继续说下去,而且要简洁。不要说教,不要期待孩子同意你的观点。说话时,如果你的态度是“我是这样理解的”,而不是“这样看问题才对”,孩子就可能更愿意听,而不会有逆反心理。用“我们”而不用“你”。“离幵家之前我们要做家务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢?”不论你用什么方式,只要能将“这是我们共同的事’’这一信息传达给孩子,就有助于弥合本可能由冲突带来的鸿沟。保持冷静。交谈时生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信度。不要说“你毁了你的一生!''而要说"我担心如果 会怎么样。在这种情况下,你想你可能怎么办?"不要使用双重标准。青少年非常警惕双重标准。别指望他们遵守你自己都不遵守的规则。无论是打电话报平安,还是叫他们收拾东西,或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我说的做''而不是“照我做的做"是不会改善关系的。承认自己的错误,说说你从他们身上学到了什么。表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人）,也往往能让他们更容易接近你,向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战。当你认为自己做错了事或说错了话,比如发了睥气或争论时说了令人伤心的话,就道歉。有欣赏之心。青少年常有幽默感，充满活力，看什么事都觉得可能,这些能使父母意识到自己身上已被忘记或忽略的好的方面。当十多岁的孩子体验到被人爱时，他们通常表现得更可爱。Unit3aWhenIwasgrowingup,Iwasembarrassedtobeseenwithmyfather.<p2>Hewas<4>severely</4><5>crippled</5>andveryshort,andwhenwewalkedtogether,hishandonmyarmforbalance,peoplewouldstare.<p3>Iwould<7>inwardly</7>struggleattheunwantedattention.<p4>Ifheevernoticedorwas<8>bothered</8>,heneverleton.<p5>Itwasdifficultto<9>coordinate</9>oursteps—his<10>halting</10>,mine<11>impatient</l1>—andbecauseofthat,wedidn'tsaymuchaswewentalong.<p6>Butaswestartedout,healwayssaid,“Yousetthe<12>pace</12>.Iwilltryto<13>adjust</13>toyou.”Ourusualwalkwastoorfromthe<14>subway</14>onwhichhetraveledtowork.<p7>Hewenttoworksick,and<p8X15>despite</15><16>nasty</16>weather.Healmostnevermissedaday,<p9>andwouldmakeittotheofficeevenifotherscouldnot.<plO>Itwasamatterofpride.Whensnoworicewasontheground,itwasimpossibleforhimtowalk,evenwithhelp.AtsuchtimesmysistersorIwouldpullhimthroughthestreetsofBrooklyn,N.Y.,onachild*s<17>wagon</17>withsteelrunnerstothesubwayentrance.<pll>0ncethere,hewould<18>cling</18>tothe<20>handrail</20>untilhereached<pl2>thelowerstepsthatthewarmerく21>tunnelく/21>airkeptfreeofice.InManhattanthesubwaystationwasinthebasementofhisofficebuilding,andhewouldnothavetogooutsideagainuntilwemethiminBrooklynonhiswayhome.<pl3>WhenIthinkofitnow,Iam<22>amazed</22>athowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenforagrownmanto<pl4X23>subject</23>himselftosuchshameand<24>stress</24>.<pl5>Andathowhedidit-withoutbitternessor<25>complaint</25>.<pl6>Henevertalkedabouthimselfasanobjectofpity,nordidheshowany<26>envy</26>ofthemorefortunateorable.<pl7>Whathelookedforinotherswasa"goodheart",andifhefoundone,the<27>owner</27>wasgoodenoughforhim.NowthatIamolder,<pl8>Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople,eventhoughIstilldon'tknow<29>precisely</29>whata"goodheart"is.<pl9>ButIknowattimesIdon'thaveonemyself.<p20>Unableto<30>engage</30>inmanyactivities,<p21>myfatherstilltriedtoparticipateinsomeway.<p22>Whena<31>local</31>baseballteamfounditselfwithoutamanager,hekeptitgoing.Hewasa<32>knowledgeable</32>baseballfanandoftentookmetoEbbetsFieldtoseetheBrooklynDodgersplay.Helikedtogotodancesandparties,<p23>wherehecouldhaveagoodtimejustsittingandwatching.<p24>0none<33>occasion</33>afightbrokeoutatabeachparty,witheveryone<34>punching</34>and<35>shoving</35>.<p25>Hewasn't<36>content</36>tositandwatch,<p26>buthecouldn,tstand<38>unaided</38>onthesoftsand.Infrustrationhebegantoshout,T11fightanyonewhowillsitdownwithme!I*11fightanyonewhowillsitdownwithme!”Nobodydid.<p27>Butthenextdaypeopleく39>kiddedく/39>himbysaying<p28>itwasthefirsttimeanyfighterwas<40>urged</40>totakea<41>dive</41>beforethefightbegan.Inowknowheparticipatedinsomethingsthroughme,hisonlyson.WhenIplayedball(poorly),he"played"too.WhenIjoinedtheNavy,he"joined"too.<p29>AndwhenIcamehomeonleave,hesawtoitthatIvisitedhisoffice.Introducingme,hewasreallysaying,"Thisismyson,butitisalsome,<p30>andIcouldhavedonethis,too,ifthingshadbeendifferent."Thosewordswereneversaidaloud.<p31>Hehasbeengonemanyyearsnow,butIthinkofhimoften.<p32>Iwonderifhesensedmy<42>reluctance</42>tobeseenwithhimduringourwalks.<p33>Ifhedid,IamsorryInevertoldhimhowsorryIwas,how<44>unworthy</44>Iwas,howI<45>regretted</45>it.<p34>IthinkofhimwhenI<46>complain</46>about<47>trifles</47>,when<p35>Iam<48>envious</48>ofanother1sgoodfortune,whenIdon'thavea"goodheart".AtsuchtimesIputmyhandonhisarmtoregainmybalance,andsay,"Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou."在我还未成年时,如果有人看到我和父亲在ー块儿,我就会觉得难堪。他腿痛得很厉害,个子又矮。我们ー起走路时,他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡,人们就会盯着看〇对于这种讨厌的注视,我打心眼里感到别扭。即使父亲注