国外著名建筑师的生态建筑思想比较-原文

原文:Ecologicalbuildingandratherwell-knownforeignarchitectsAbstractGenerallystatingtheconceptandtheexpressionofecologicalbuildingsandcomparingThomasHerzogandNormanFoster’stheoriesandworksofecologicalbuildingstolearnandacknowledgeecologicalbuildings，thisarticlewantstostimulateChinesearchitects’attentionandconsiderationofecologicalbuildingbytheOutstandingachievementofthetwomasters.KeyWordsExpressionformofecologicalbuilding,TheoryOfecologicalbuilding.EcologicalestheticNow,withthepeoplecontinuetoenhancethepreventionofenvironmentalpollutionandmaintainingecologicalbalanceawareness,aswellasurbangreening,increasingdevelopment,tocreatelowenergy,sustainabledevelopmentofeco-buildingenvironmentofthenewbuildingresearch,moreandmoreattentionandrespected.So,whatkindofbuildingcouldbecalledeco-buildings?1.Theconceptofeco-buildingTheso-calledeco-building,accordingtothelocalnaturalenvironment,theuseoftheprincipleofecology,buildingtechnology,scienceandotherrelevantsubjectknowledge,reasonablyarrangeandorganizetherelationshipbetweenbuildingsandotherrelevantfactorsinthefieldandtheenvironmentformanorganiccombinationofoverall,andsuitableforhumandwelling.Ecologicalbuildingmustmeetthefollowingfourpoints:first,tobecoordinatedwiththesurroundingenvironment,andhasprotectiveeffectsonthesurroundingecologicalenvironment;buildings精选综合文档mustnotbeonthenaturalenvironmentcausedbypollutionordestructionofbuildingswithintheusercanbettertoenjoynatureandfeelthatconferredcomfortableandpleasant;Theinteriordesignshouldtrytoreturntonature,suchasnaturallighting,naturalventilation,useofsolarenergy,theidealindoorgreen;Fourth,avarietyofsubstances,thesourcewithinthebuildingsystemscanbeorderedcycleofconversion.Tosumupistoachieverespectfortheenvironmentandreturntonature2ManifestationsofecologicalbuildingFortheabovedefinition,thepresentecologicalarchitectureinstance,manifestationsofecologicalbuildingcanbesummarizedasfollows:2.1buildingenergyefficiencyViewtothecurrentarchitecturaltrend,low-powerhasbecomeoneoftheimportantsymbolofecologicalbuilding.Themorecommonwaytosolar,wind,hydro,geothermalandothernon-pollutingenergy,directlyorthroughtechnologytransfer,buildinguseform,tohelpthebuildingtoreduceenergyconsumptioninlighting,ventilation,heating,etc..2.2Buildingpollutionpreventionandcontrolpollutionpreventionandcontrolofthebuildingisanimportantpartoftheecologicalconstruction.Thecoreissueofenvironmentalprotectionhasalwaysbeenoneofthewasteproblem.People'sconceptofpollutioncontroltofocusonlyonproduction,thelifeprocessinswagmangraduallyturnedtothebuildingfromconstructiontooperationandmaintenanceofpollutioncontrolintheprocess.2.3buildingre-useresourcesIntheentireworld'senergyconsumption50%inbuildingconstruction,maintenanceanduseofconsumption,soefficientuseofresources,recyclingandreducetheimpactonthenaturalenvironmentistheconstructionofresourceuseinecologicalbuildingtoberapidlyimprovinglink.Inrecentyears,theemergenceofecologicalbuildingmaterials③精选综合文档alleviatethisproblem.Firstofallthemaincharacteristicsofsavingresourcesandenergy,followedbyreducingenvironmentalpollution,andfinallytheeasiercoveyandrecycling.Abovediscussion,acertainunderstandingoftheecologicalbuilding.However,inordertofurtherstudytheecologicalbuilding,isnotenoughtorelyontheoreticalexplanations,weneedtoanalyzesomeexamples,theoryandpractice,scientificresearchandunderstandingofecologicalbuilding.Belowthroughtheanalysisandcomparisonofeco-buildingideasandworksoftwomasters(ThomasHerzogandNormanFoster),tofurtherunderstandingandstudyofecologicalarchitecture,andlearnfromthemasterofthoughtandpracticenutrition,explorethedevelopmentandprospectsofecologicalconstructioninChina.3.ThomasHerzogThomasHerzogisaperfectcombinationoftechnologyandthearts,haveadeepsenseofmissionatthesametimeontheecologyandenvironmentoftheGermanmastersofarchitecture.Hisarchitecturalworkshaveahighleveloftechnology,theessentialmeaningofhisworkliesinitsecologicalconcern,notonlyinhisdesign,inthecourseofteaching,oftenexhibitions,alargenumberofworks,incooperationwithotherarchitects,hepersonally.Hegoesbeyondtheparadigmofmodernarchitecture,andreplacedwithmoreeco-dumpingValueorientation,andthisorientationisboundtoreplacetheoldparadigm.3.1ThomasHerzog,ecologicalbuildingthoughtThomasHerzograrelyimposetheirowncreativeaspirationsontheenvironmentabove,buttospeculateandlistentothechangeprocessandthecycleoftheecologicalenvironment,thespiritofparticipationandcooperationtocompletehiswork.Hisecologicalbuildinghumanandartificialmattertoanaturalandman-madenaturalcordialandharmonioussituation.Healwaysadheretotheprincipleof"fromecologytoarchitecture,fromtechnologytonature",hehasecosublimatedintoa精选综合文档mentalandspiritual,andthroughouthislife,thebuildingdesignprocess.ThomasHerzog'sdesignisnotconsideredanisolatedinternalandexternalform,onthecontrary,hisdesignsexpandedtoallaspectsofthebuiltenvironmentandtherelationshipbetweentheshape.Inaddition,heattachesgreatimportancetoworkcloselywithotherprofessionalstogivegreaterfreedomofarchitecturaldesignactivitiesthroughthedevelopmentofnewmaterials,newcomponents,thenewsystemandappropriatedesigntools,andultimatelytoachievetheunityofthebuildingandthenaturalenvironmentcoordination,aswellasbuildingitsownsustainabledevelopment.ThomasHerzoginthearchitecturalactivitiesinadditiontotransport.Inavarietyofnewmaterials,newcomponents,thenewsystem,hasbeenupdatedintheresearchanddevelopment,moreecological,morereasonablematerials,componentsandsystems.Suchas:PoitouKaposiexternalwallsystem,Fischerfacadeassemblysystem,solargridsystem,andsoon.ThomasHerzogismoreconcernedabouttheaccuracyandefficiencyofthebuildingsinharmonywiththeirsurroundingsonthebasisoftheirownenergy-savingtechnologyThomasHerzograrelyowncreativedesiretoimpose.Architecturaldetailthroughcarefullydesignedtoimproveresourceandenergyuseefficiency,andreducethecostofnon-renewableresourcestofocusontheecologicalenvironment.4.NormanFosterecologicalbuildingthinkingTheintroductionofsomeoftheecologicalbuildingexisttoday,andmanyarchitectsofecologicalbuildingcreativeideas,thevastmajorityfocusedontheuseandadaptationofthematerialaspectsoftheconstructionoftheexternalenvironment,suchassolarenergy,useofgroundwater.Thesemostlybelongtotheunderstandinganduseofbuildingphysics.NormanFosterbuildingconstructedasaspaceandplaceisestablishednotmerelymeetthephysicalmeaningofcomfortshouldbea精选综合文档higherlevelofdevelopmenttomeettheculturalneedsofthepeople,aestheticorientation.HisconcernfortheenvironmentcanbeseenfromtheLondonGuildhall,andthetransformationofmoderntechnologyandaestheticorientation,theperfectcombinationofecologyandartistheperfectembodimentofanewaesthetic-EcologicalAesthetics.Inadditiontotheaboveconcerns,NormanFosteralsopaidgreatattentiontomicro-climateinsidethebuilding,hecanfocusonbuildingmicro-climatespecificgroupedintothreeareas:First,asuitabletemperatureandhumidity(tomeetthethermalcomfortandhealthrequirements);asfaraspossible,themostaccesstonaturallight(reducingtheenergyconsumptionofartificiallighting);maximizenaturalventilation(toreduceairconditioningenergyconsumption).However,underdifferentclimaticconditionsdifferentfocusandapproachoftheabovethreeelements.Thus,bythemostefficientartificialmeanstoachievetheseobjectives,ortoachieveabalancebetweenthevariouselementsofFoster'srelentlesspursuitdirection.InthetwoworksinthesouthofFrance:CaryCenterfortheArtsandtheFrederickEustaceplacemiddlevocationalschoolsisthefullperformanceofhisrawstateclimateconcept.Hisdesignnotonlyrunsthroughtheconceptofecologicaldesign,butalsofullyembodiestheattentionandrespectoftraditionalculturalandgeographicalculture,comparedwiththepastcompletelyself-centeredhigh-techschool",thischangeisundoubtedlyisveryprofound.Itmakeshigh-techschool"goesbeyondasimpleexternalstyleandstepintoadeeperrealm.Itcanbesaidatthispointhepointedoutthedirectionforthefutureofhigh-Tecschool",butalsoprovidedvaluableexperienceforourcommitmenttoeco-buildingarchitectsinthefield.5comparisonoftwomastersCanbeseenthroughtheeco-buildingideasandworksoftwomastersofarchitecture:5.1incommon精选综合文档Thetwomastersofarchitectureinthefieldofecologicalbuildingmadeoutstandingcontributionstoadvocatewiththenewmaterials,newtechnologies,newsystemsandtheappropriatedesigntoolstocompletetheirecologicalconstructionworks;emphasizedinmanandnature,architectureandnatureharmonyonthebasisofuptocreateamorecomfortableworkingandlivingenvironmentofmankind;forthesametargetfromdifferentaspectsofmakingunremittingeffortstocreateabetterenvironmenttohumanbeings,morespiritualandmaterialwealthtoleaveourfuturegenerations.5.2ThedifferenceThomasHerzoginecologicalarchitectureismainlyfromtheoverallenvironmentofstaff(includingthesurroundingenvironmentandbuildingtheirownenvironment),andecologicalbuildingdesignandresearch;hehasbeenemphasizedfromthehumanpointofviewofsustainabledevelopment,ratherthanshortwhentheviewpointoflocalissues;henotonlycaresaboutthepastandpresent,heismoreconcernedaboutthefuture;henotonlycaresaboutthelocalarea,butalsowithrelevantregionalandeventhefuturemayimpactthearea;himmoreistheuseofnewtechnologies,buildingdetailandfromdifferentdisciplinescollaboratetoreachthebuildingandthesurroundingenvironmentandthepeopleandthenaturalharmonyandsymbiosis;hestressedthateco-constructionisnotanarchitecturalform,butEcologyasanattitudeandspiritthroughoutthedesignprocessanditslife;morecomprehensiveandthoroughresearchinecologicalconstruction,ecologicalbuildingdesigninthetruesenseofthetrulyharmonywiththeirsurroundings,andthesurroundingeco-environmentalprotection,respectfortheenvironmentandreturntonature.Inecologicalarchitecture,NormanFostermainlytomeettheculturalneedsofthepeople's,aestheticorientationtoachievetheperfectcombinationofecologyandart;spacecreationthroughtechnicalsupport精选综合文档andbuildinginternalandexternalbodytorespondtonature,integrationoflargenatural.Ecologicalbuildingdesignandworksagreaterdegreeofpurposetoreachpeopleyearningtonatureandenjoynature,theconceptofmicro-ecologicalclimatetosomeextent,moreinlinewiththeecologicalconceptof"high-techschool"building.Heistheuseofecologicalbuildingepidermisandflexible,applicabletotheinternalspacebetweentheperfectcombinationtoachievethebuildingitselfandthecoordinationandintegrationofthesurroundingenvironment.ConclusionEco-buildingideasandworksoftwomastersofarchitecturetotherevenation:eco-buildingisnotafashionablestyleandlabels,notjustaslogan.InsuchaneconomicandtechnologicallevelsinChinaarenotveryadvancedcountries,allaspectsoftheconstructionindustryshouldcarryoutecologicalarchitecturalthinking.Infact,therearesometoadapttothenaturalenvironment,buildingproducts,suchas:thecaveofthenorthwest-puregreenbuildings,lowenergyconsumption,lowpollution,coolandpleasantenvironment,aswellasayurtinthesteppes,thewindtowerinXinjiangandsoon.China'sfutureconstructionshouldnotblindlyfollowthe