2018北京高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总城六区

海淀一模】EudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortf@l缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:happiness.Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itisthewor“dhappiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulf—ilaltedthaendsametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirr（ta易怒的）mood.Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardforth“ewhoarpdpiness”tocapture,fori'sttrickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflif'esmostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke（激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we'llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We'llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.istheoppositeoffulfillmentisfreefromphysicalormentalpainstressesthepsychologicaldifferenceservesasarespectedandnoblelifegoalWecanleamfromthepassagethat.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blaminggoalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinesschallengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertakingfeelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituationsThepassageencouragesthereadersto.findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering47.D47.D48.B49.A【西城一模】50.ADOwnershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifitbroke,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Inthedigitalage,however,ownershiphasbecomemoreslippery.Sincethecomingofsmartphones,consumershavebeenforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Asadigitalchainiswrappedevermoretightlyaroundmoredevices,suchascarsandthermostats,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.Thetrendisnotalwaysharmful.Manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotbreakdown,supportenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct'sofstwarefortheownersb'enefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Teslaremotelyupdatedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.Butthemoredigitalstringsareattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontrolleanstowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Thatcanbeinconvenient.Pickingacarishardenough,butharderstillifyouhavetodiguptheinstructionsthattellyouhowuseislimitedandwhatdatayoumustgive.Iftheproductsareintentionallydesignednottolastlong,itcanalsobeexpensive.Already,itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeextremelyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.Privacyisalsoatrisk.UsersbecometerrifiedwheniRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutalsocreatesadigitalmapoftheinsideofahomethatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisers(thoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso).Caseslikethisshouldremindpeoplehowjealouslytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrightsandcontrolwhousesthedatathatiscollected.Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Thisrequirescarefulinspection.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyenablepeopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontrolledbysomebodyelse,thatfreedomiscompromised.47.Whatbenefitdoesitbringtocustomersifcompaniescontroltheownershipofproducts?Itprovidesthemwithknowledgetopreventhacking.Itgivesthemthechancetobeprotectedfromdanger.Itenablesthemtoownthecopyrightoftheproducts.Ithelpsthemknowmoreaboutcomplextechnology.Theunderlinedwords“thatfreedom”inthelastparagraphrefertothe_fr_e_e_d_o.mtocontrolotherpeopleB.sharetheownershipC.inspectdevicesatanytimeD.usedevicesasonewishesTheauthormayagree.customersshouldbuyfewerdigitaldevicesproducersshouldcontrolpropertyrightspropertyrightsneedtobeprotectedbetteraftersalesserviceisrequiredWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点）C:Conclusion47.B48.D49.C50.A【朝阳一模】第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DIsPositiveThinkingPowerful?The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed”.ButwasthepositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbyusingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedback（反馈）whichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourfriendwhoisnotverycleverthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inthe1990s,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonconductedanexperiment.Theparticipantswereaskedtowriteessaysopposingfinancialsupportforthedisabled,expressinglittlesympathyforthem.Whentheseparticipantswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,“Iamlovable.”Thosewithlowself-respectdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-approval.Infact,theirfeelingsturnedsignificantlyworsethanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thestudyprovidessupportfornewerformsforpsychotherapy（心理治疗）thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation（静思）techniques,onthecontrary,canteachpeopletorealizetheirshortcomingsfromalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?Therecanbenosimplesolutionstopsychologicalproblems.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydoharmtopeople.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.D.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymeans.youarepointingoutthemistakeshehasmadeyouarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenoughyouarestressingthefactthatheisnotintelligentyouarenottryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaultsWhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?Self-approvalcanbringapositivechangetoone'sfeelings.Peoplewithlowself-respectseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyimprovetheirself-respect.Forcingpeopletothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-respect.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat.peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditationdifferentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinkingmeditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapyD.theeffectsofpositivethinkingdifferfrompersontopersonBCDC【丰台一模】第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.thSincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertilizer（合成肥料）eachyear,andallthatnitrogen（氮）enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemouthsofmanyoftheworld'srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices—refusingartificialfertilizersandchemicalpesticides—areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.Thisisdefinitelyadownsideoforganicfarming,especiallywhenglobalpopulationisstillgrowingrapidly.IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethodsacross34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld'msaincaloriesc—onventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,therearetrade-offs此（消彼长）witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.Thepurposeofthepassageisto[来源学&科&网Z&X&X&K]comparetwotypesoffarmingcriticizeconventionalagriculturediscussthedevelopmentoffarmingargueforarealisticagriculturesystemAccordingtothepassage,conventionalfarmingproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilizersachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironmentoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfoodperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarmingTheauthormayagreewith.employingorganicfarmingtoplantriceadoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotatousingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbageapplyingconventionalfarmingtogrowingappleWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?答案：47.D48.B49.C50.A【石景山一模】第阅读下列短文，从每题所共给的小题、每小题D分个选项分）选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Someofthebestresearchondailyexperienceisrootedinratesofpositiveandnegativeinteractions,whichhasprovedthatbeingblindlypositiveornegativecancauseotherstobefrustratedorannoyedortosimplytuneout.Overthelasttwodecades,scientistshavemaderemarkablepredictionssimplybywatchingpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthenscoringtheconversationsbasedontherateofpositiveandnegativeinteractions.Researchershaveusedthefindingstopredicteverythingfromthelikelihoodthatacouplewilldivorcetothechancesofaworkteamwithhighcustomersatisfactionandproductivitylevels.Morerecentresearchhelpsexplainwhythesebriefexchangesmattersomuch.Whenyouexperiencenegativeemotionsasaresultofcriticismorrejection,forexample,yourbodyproduceshigherlevelsofthestresshormone,whichshutsdownmuchofyourthinkingandactivates（激活）conflictanddefensemechanisms（机制）.Youassumethatsituationsareworsethantheyactuallyare.Whenyouexperienceapositiveinteraction,itactivatesaverydifferentresponse.Positiveexchangesincreaseyourbody'sproductionofoxytoci-ng,oaodfetehlatincreasesyourabilitytocommunicatewith,cooperatewithandtrustothers.Buttheeffectsofapositiveoccurrencearelessdramaticandlastingthantheyareforanegativeone.Weneedatleastthreetofivepositiveinteractionstooutweigheveryonenegativeexchange.Badmomentssimplyoutweighgoodones.Whetheryou'rehavingaconversation,keepthissimpleshortcutinmind:Atleast80percentofyourconversationsshouldbefocusedonwhatWorkplaces,forexample,oftenseethis.Duringperformancereviews,managersroutinelyspend80percentoftheirtimeonweaknessesand“areasforimprovement”.Theyspendroughly20percentofthetimeonstrengthsandpositiveaspects.Anytimeyouhavediscussionswithapersonorgroup,spendthevastmajorityofthetimetalkingaboutwhatisworking,andusetheremainingtimetoaddressweaknesses.Theunderlinedphrase“tuneout”inParagraph1probably.meansstoplisteningB.changeone'smindC.singaloudD.becrazyWhatwillhappenifyouexperiencenegativeemotions?Thesituationsaresuretobecomeworse.Muchofyourthinkingwillbeprevented.Youwillfeelanurgetoimproveandbecomebetter.You'llbemotivatedtoresolveconflictswithpeople.FromParagraph4,wecanlearnthat.weneedapositivefeelingtobeatonenegativefeelingpositiveinteractionshavegreatereffectsthannegativeonesourconversationshouldcenteronwhatneedsimprovementtheeffectofnegativefeelingslastslongerthanthatofpositiveonesWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HarmfulNegativesMorePositiveInteractionsHowtoBeaProductiveManagerLessTimeonStrengthsandPositiveAspects答案：47.A48.B49.D50.B【东城一模】第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thecruise（由0轮）tourismisthefastestgrowingindustryinthetravelindustry.Withrapidgrowthinthenumberofpassengers,thenumberofcruiseshipsatsea,andtheincreasedvarietyofdestinations,thefastgrowthintheindustryfollowswithincreasinginfluencesontheenvironment.Likemanytravelindustries,thenegativeinfluencesontheenvironmentseemtooutweighthepositiveones.Eventhoughthecruiseindustryisrelativelysmallcomparedtotheairlineindustry,cruiseshipsandtheirpassengersgeneratemorewasteandpollutantemissions（排放物）whiletravellinganddockedinport.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,aone-weekvoyagegeneratesmorethan50tonsofgarbage,andduringthatsameweek3.78millionlitresofwastewaterisproduced.Thatiswaterwhichisharmfultotheoceanlifeandcannotbepouredbackintotheoceanwithoutbeingtreated.Thesenumbersaremultipliedbymorethan200cruiseshipssailingtheworld365daysayear.Duetopollution,coralreefs（珊瑚礁）aretakingasignificantdamage.Thereare109countrieswithcoralreefs.In90ofthem,reefsarebeingdamagedbycruiseships.Itissaid70%ofcruisedestinationsareinthespotswiththeexistenceofawidevarietyofseaplantsandanimalspecies.However,itisnottheamountofpollutiongeneratedbycruiseshipsthatismostconcerned,butrather,thewaycruiseshipsdealwiththeirwaste.Thewaycruiseshipsgetridofwasteishighlyunregulated.Wastecanbepouredafewshortmilesoffshore