2023版高考英语一轮总复习第1部分模块知识复习Unit1ScienceandScientists课件新人教版选择性必修第二册

选择性必修第二册UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。请给外教MissEvans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：1．剧情简介；2．指导内容；3．商定时间、地点。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。★每日早晚必背►典型写作范例DearMissEvans，_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours，LiHua►高级词汇积累insincerity真实地；诚挚地navigationn.导航inappropriateadj.不合适的spoilv.宠溺；糟蹋appreciativeadj.感激的accordingto根据combine…with…融合；结合beseton…以……为背景Englishscript英语手稿beattachedto附在；依恋►丰富的句式结构1．Iamwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavourregardingaplaywe

adapted

according

to

the

textbook.(省略that/which的定语从句)2．Having

written

the

English

script,wedon’twantanythinginappropriatetospoiltheplay.(动名词短语作状语)3．Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattached

to

this

emailandmakenecessarychanges?(过去分词作后置定语)4．If

it

is

convenient,mayIpayyouavisitatyourofficenextTuesdayto

give

you

more

details？(if引导的条件状语从句＋不定式目的状语)►佳文背诵DearMissEvans，Howiseverythinggoing?Iamwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavourregardingaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetextbook.We’dliketocombineyourculturewithoursbyadaptingtheclassicnovelThe

SteamboatforashortEnglishplay.Theplayissetonabigstormaftermidnight,ontheraftdowntherivernavigation.Weseeasteamboatthatisgoingtosink.Wesavedascaredboy.However,theadaptionisquiteachallenge.HavingwrittentheEnglishscript,wedon’twantanythinginappropriatetospoiltheplay.Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailandmakenecessarychanges?Ifitisconvenient,mayIpayyouavisitatyourofficenextTuesdaytogiveyoumoredetails?I’dbeveryappreciativeifyouoffertogivesomeprofessionaladvice.Lookforwardtoyourearlyreply.Bestregards!Sincerelyyours，LiHua★课前语基夯实►高频重点词汇◎核心词汇

会运用1．__________n.病毒2．__________n.思想；思维；见解3．__________adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的4．__________n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房5．__________n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决virus

thinking

substantial

cell

finding

6．__________n.疫苗7．__________adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体8．__________n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的9．__________adj.抽象的；理性的

n.(文献等的)摘要10．__________n.概念；观念11．__________adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的12．__________adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的vaccine

solid

concrete

abstract

concept

outstanding

brilliant

13．__________adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的14．__________n．&v.减少；降低；减少量15．________vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷16．__________vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)severe

decrease

cast

pour

【语境活用】根据汉语意思填写单词1．Landwas__________(严重的)depletedbyurbanization,populationgrowth,intensiveagricultureandclimatechange.2．Thenumberofpeoplewhohavethediseasehas__________(减少)significantlyinrecentyears.3．Thereareoneortwominordifferences,butthey’re_____________(大量地)thesametext.4．(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)Theauthormentions“doctor”and“cheater”inParagraph2toclarifya__________(概念)．severely

decreased

substantiallyconcept

5．Theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebritiesormore__________(聪颖的)friendsonline.6．Thedirector__________(分配角色)measamadscientist.7．(2020·北京卷)In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistant__________(病毒)．brilliant

cast

virus

8．I’mreallyinterestedtohearhistalk,eventhoughIthinkit’sgoingtobevery__________(抽象的)．9．(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical__________(思维)andplanningmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysugests.10．(2019·天津卷)Ilikedfacts,thingsthatare__________(具体的)．abstract

thinking

concrete

◎拓展词汇

能提升1．__________adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→__________v．使受挫折；令人沮丧→__________adj.令人泄气的；使人沮丧的

→__________n.挫折；失败；失意2．__________v.感染；使传染→__________adj.被传染的→__________n.感染；传染3．__________vt.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→__________n.订阅→__________n.订户frustrated

frustrate

frustrating

frustration

infect

infected

infection

subscribe

subscription

subscriber

4．____________adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→____________n.矛盾；反驳5．__________adj.数量多的；多种多样的→__________v.乘；(使)增加；(使)繁殖6．__________vt.&vi.怀疑；不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→__________adj.猜疑的；疑心的；表示怀疑的7．__________v.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n．指责；责备→__________adj.应受责备的；该受责备的→__________adj.无可指责→__________adv.无可责难地contradictory

contradiction

multiple

multiply

suspect

suspicious

blame

blameful

blameless

blamelessly

8．__________n．把手；拉手；柄v．处理；搬动→__________n.处理者；管理者9．__________vt.&n.联系；把……

连接起来；→__________n.链接器→__________adj.连接的；链接的10．__________adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→__________adv.纯粹地→__________v．净化；使净化11．__________v.使改观；使改变形态→____________n.转变；变化handle

handler

link

linker

linked

pure

purely

purify

transform；transformation

12．__________adj.最初的；开始的；第一的；首字母的→__________adv.最初13．__________adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→__________n．机械师；机器修理工14．__________vt.保卫；防守；辩解→_____________n.防卫；防御措施→__________adj.防守的；防御用的15．__________n.助理；助手→__________v.帮助；促进→__________n.帮助；援助initial

initially

mechanical

mechanic

defend

defense/defence

defensive

assistant

assist

assistance

16．__________adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪颖的→__________n.礼物；赠品；天赋；天才17．__________adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳固的

→__________adv.稳定地；平稳地18．__________n.弱点；过错→__________adj.有错误的；有缺点的；出毛病的19．__________n．&v.改变；转移；轮班；挪动；转向→__________adj.变化的；诡异的；机智的→__________adj.懒惰的；得过且过的；没出息的gifted

gift

steady

steadily

fault

faulty

shift

shifty

shiftless

20．__________adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→__________adv.生动地；强烈地21．__________vt.&n.追溯；追踪；查出；痕迹；遗迹→__________adj.可追踪的；起源于

→__________n.追踪者；描图者vivid

vividly

trace

traceable

tracer

【语境活用】使用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichwere__________(blame)．2．Youcan_________(pure)waterbyboilingandfilteringit.3．(2021·全国乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysoffer__________(assist)tomyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.4．Shewasadistinguishedoceanographer,anda__________(gift)painterintothebargain.toblame

purify

assistance

gifted

5．Youcancancelyour___________(subscribe)atanytime.6．Thecompany’sexportshavegrown__________(steady)．7．Clickonthe__________(link)belowtoreadmoreanswersortochimeinwith(协调)yourresponse.8．Hegets__________(frustrate)whenpeopledon’tunderstandwhathe’stryingtosay,whichalso__________(frustrate)hispartner.subscription

steadily

links

frustrated

frustrates

9．Ican__________(vivid)rememberthedaywemet,whenthevividblueskyandthebrightsunshineimpressedmemost.10．Thiswill__________(transform)me,aswell,andasisthesituationwithGaia,webothhavetosensethatthe____________(transform)isreadytostart.vividly

transform

transformation

►高频短语串记thanksto;breakout;comedown;onceandforall;subscribeto;attendto;betoblame;whatismore;forthisreason;havesth.done;inchargeof;aboveall◎单元短语再现【语境活用】选用前面短语的适当形式填空1．Thereportdisclosesthathumanerror_________________fortheaccident.2．Onlybyexploringthesepatterns,theircausesandeffects,isthereanypossibilityofbreakingthem____________________.3．ThereisabusinessphilosophyI______________，whichsaysthatifyouarenotmakingmistakes,youarenotdoingitright.【答案】1．wastoblame

2．onceandforall3．subscribeto

4．Theteacher____________________thechildrenhastoaccompanythemonthecoach.5．ImaybelatebecauseIhavegotoneortwothingsto____________________.6．Whenwar____________________hehadtoendurefourmonths’internmentasanenemyalien.【答案】4．inchargeof

5．attendto6．brokeout

7．Iwasnottoanswerthephone;____________________Iwasnottospeaktothepress.8．I’vebeenfortunatetofindacareerthatIloveand,____________________，Igetwellpaidforit.【答案】7．aboveall

8．what’smore►重点句型仿写背原句明句型巧仿写Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.看起来似乎是这个女人如此喜欢水泵的水以至于她每天都把水运到她家。havesth.done让某事被做(过去分词作宾语补足语)1．Shehungoutwithherfriends,butunfortunately,she______________________________(她的包被偷了)．【答案】hadherbagstolen

背原句明句型巧仿写Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更有可能感染霍乱。more…than…比……更……2．Accordingtoresearch,non-drinkersare________todevelopthewintersnuffles____moderatedrinkers.(比……更)【答案】morelikely;than

背原句明句型巧仿写However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而，能让他成为如此杰出而又有创造力的科学家，可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如：音乐和绘画。what引导的主语从句3．__________shewasconfrontedwithyesterday______evidenceofanactivecampaignagainsther.【答案】What;was

背原句明句型巧仿写Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.由于他得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想世界。since引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然；鉴于”4．__________(既然)timehassuchdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures,communicationisoftendifficult.【答案】Since★考点多维突破1．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n.责备；指责【paraphrase】tosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisresponsibleforsomethingbadthathashappened►词汇精磨【先精练】单句语法填空(1)MylifeisruinedandIsupposeIonlyhavemyself__________(blame)．(2)__________(blame)forthebreakdownofthecomputersystems,hewasinlowspirits.(3)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblame__________thealarmclock.【答案】(1)toblame

(2)Blamed

(3)on【再精写】微写作(4)Iusedtoblamemyparentsformessingupmylife.→Iusedtoblamemymessylife__________myparents.→Iusedto________________________formessingupmylife__________myparents.【答案】(4)on;put/laytheblame;on

(5)政府将不得不对暴乱承担责任。Thegovernmentwillhaveto________________________fortheriots.【答案】(5)taketheblame(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责怪某人blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人sb.betoblame(for…)某人应承担(……)责任；该(因……)受责备put/laytheblameforsth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人、某事【归纳拓展】(2)take/beartheblamefor…承担……的责任beresponsiblefor…对……负责take/bearresponsibilityfor承担(对坏事应负的)责任【名师点击】表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb.betoblame表示被动意义。【佳句背诵】Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonherhusband.她把婚姻失败归咎于她的丈夫。IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’saccident.我经常做疯狂的梦，在梦中我应为米勒的事故承担责任。2．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)【paraphrase】(1)Ifyousubscribetosomethinglikeanewspaperormagazine,youwillhavetopaymoneyregularlyinordertohaveitsenttoyou.(2)Ifyouaskoragreetobuysharesinacompanythathasofferedsharestoinvestors,itmeansyousubscribeforshares.【先精练】单句语法填空(1)Ontopofthat,Idon’thavetosubscribe__________anythingandIdon’thaveanythingtorecycleorthrowaway.(2)Ifyouusethissystem,youcansubscribe__________andapplytobuyotherfunds.(3)Forbigenterprise,theloweredcostofITwouldmakeupforthegreaterup-front__________(subscribe)fee.(4)Thesocialbusinessstartswithallthe__________(subscribe)capitalitshouldneed.【答案】(1)to

(2)for

(3)subscription

(4)subscribed

【再精写】微写作(5)他定期向国际特赦组织捐款。He________________________toAmnestyInternational.(6)由公众捐款建起一座纪念他的雕像。Astatueinhismemorywaserectedby__________________.【答案】(5)subscribesregularly(6)publicsubscription(1)subscribeto订阅；同意；捐款subscribefor认购；预定subscriberegularly定期订购subscribedcapital已发行资本；认购资本(2)subscribe的名词形式为subscription捐助；订阅；签名subscriptionservice订阅服务subscriptionfee会员费；装机费；报费publicsubscription(财政)公债发行；公开认购【归纳拓展】【佳句背诵】Howmuchdidyousubscribetothedisasterfund?你向赈灾基金捐了多少钱？Theauthoritiesnolongersubscribetotheviewthatdisabledpeopleareunsuitableasteachers.当局不再支持“残疾人不适宜做教师”的观点。3．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的【paraphrase】(1)Severeproblems,injuries,illnessesetc.areverybadorveryserious.(2)Aseverepunishmentisverystrictorextreme.【先精练】单句语法填空(1)Punishmentfrompoliceisoftenmoresevere__________studentsandwillpreventfuturebullyingbetter.(2)Anyonebreakingthelawwillbe__________(severe)punished.(3)Thechancesofafullrecoverywilldependonthe_______(severe)ofherinjuries.【答案】(1)on/with

(2)severely

(3)severity【再精写】微写作(4)在上次的选举中这个党派遭受了严重的损失。Thepartysuffered_________________duringthelastelection.【答案】(4)severelosses(1)severecondition苛刻条件；深度反应条件severepunishment严厉惩罚；从重惩罚severecold严寒；大寒severestress危险压力；严重压力(2)beseverewith/onsb.对某人严格/发火(3)severelyadv.非常严重地；严厉地；严肃地severityn．严重程度【归纳拓展】【佳句背诵】Manypeoplefeelthepunishmentshouldhavebeenmoresevere.许多人们感觉这个惩罚本应该更严厉些。Iftheguestisinaseverecondition,donotremovetheguestatall,administeremergencytreatmentifpossible,andarrangeanambulance.如果客人处于较危险的情况，不要移动，如果可能，则安排紧急情况处理办法，同时安排救护车。【名师点击】辨析：severe，strict与serioussevere指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情serious指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情strict指严格的、严谨的4．linkn.联系；纽带

vt.把……连接起来；相关联【paraphrase】Ifthereisalinkbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople,itmeansaconnectionismadebetweentwoormorethingsorpeople.【先精练】单句语法填空(1)TheChannelTunnel__________(link)Britain__________therestofEurope.【答案】(1)links;with

【再精写】微写作(2)这些乐队已联合起来，准备办一场慈善音乐会。Thebandshave_________________foracharityconcert.(3)每个目的地的名字会与另外一个包含着更多细节的文件相链接。Thenameofeachdestinationmight____________________anotherdocumentthatcontainsmoredetail.【答案】(2)linkedup

(3)belinkedto(1)linkup会合；连接；联系linkupwith…

与……联系起来link…to…

把……和……连起来belinkedto/with与……连接；与……有关联；与……有联系link(betweenAandB)/with…与……之间的联系【归纳拓展】(2)combine…with…

把……和……融合connect…with…

把……和……连接associate…with…

把……和……联系起来【佳句背诵】Ofcourse,mostofChinawasflourishingatthetime,buttheywereabletogetaroadbuilttolinkthemuptotherestofChina.当然了，那段时间整个中国都是一派繁忙景象。而这个村子也建了一条公路，从此与外界相通。TheyarebelievedtobelinkedtothecollapseofbeecoloniesacrossEurope.据悉这些物质与整个欧洲蜜蜂族群死亡有关。【名师点击】(1)link指连环式的连接，或用接合物或其他方式连接，还可以指一事物与另一事物的联系或关系。(2)associate指人与人友好和平，平等地联合在一起；用于物时，指两事物因历史或其他原因，很自然被人们联系在一起，即产生联想。(3)combine指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。(4)connect指两事物在某一个点上相连接，但彼此又保持独立。5．transformvt.&vi.使改观；是改变形态；改变；转变【paraphrase】Ifsomethingistransformed,itmeanscompletelychangingtheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit.【先精练】单句语法填空(1)Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmerica__________afarm-basedsociety__________anindustrialpower.(2)The__________(transform)wasaccomplishedwithastonishingspeed.【答案】(1)from;into

(2)transformation【再精写】微写作(3)最好的公司可以依靠一个好主意在几年内从萌芽成长为巨人，就像亚马逊和谷歌做过的那样。Thebestcompaniescantakeagoodideaanduseitto____________________fromembryos__________giantsinafewyears,asAmazonandGooglehave.【答案】(3)transformthemselves;into(1)transformsb./sth.使……改观；使……焕然一新transformsb./sth.(from…)into…

使……(从……)变成……transforminto转换成；改造为……(2)transformationn.(外观或性质的)改变；变革【归纳拓展】【佳句背诵】I’mfullyawarethatit’stheexperiencefrommylifeabroadthathastotallytransformedme.我充分地意识到，正是我在国外的生活经历完全地改变了我。ShereceivesamagicstoneonherbirthdayandusesittotransformherlittlebrotherTobiintoadog.生日时，她利用收到的魔法石头把弟弟托比变成一只小狗。6．castv.投射；向……投以(视线，笑容等)；投掷【paraphrase】(1)Weusuallysay“castasmile”toshowtosmileinaparticulardirection.(2)tomakelight,ashadow,etc.appearinaparticularplace【先精练】单句语法填空(1)Thenightisfarspent,thedayisathand:letusthereforecast__________theworksofdarkness,andletusputonthearmouroflight.(2)Hesawnothingofit,forbeforehelookedather,shehadagaincast__________hereyes!(3)Andifyoudoubthowmuchcanbedoneover30years,justcastyourmind__________acentury,to1919,andcompareitwith1950．【答案】(1)off

(2)down

(3)back

【再精写】微写作(4)有一次，在一个著名的戏剧中，一个演员扮演贵族，另一个扮演狱卒。Onceinafamousplay,oneactorwas___________________ofanaristocratandanother,theroleofagaoler.【答案】(4)castintheroleofcastabout搜索；计划castawidenet撒开大网castashadowover…

投射阴影在……castdown使绝望；使沮丧castalook/glanceatsb./sth.瞥见；瞥了一眼castback回想；追溯castoff摆脱；抛弃；解开(缆绳等)heroleof…

选某人演……角色【归纳拓展】【佳句背诵】Thesadnewscastashadowovertheproceedings.这个坏消息给事件的进程蒙上了一层阴影。Iwantyoutocastyourmindsbacktothefirsttimeyoumet.我要你们回忆初次见面的场景。【名师点击】castdown经常和系动词be来连用；还有垂下之意，如：castdownhereyes7．thanksto幸亏；由于【paraphrase】owingto,dueto,becauseof,justthat【先精练】单句语法填空(1)__________(thank)forhelpingmygrandmothergettothehotel.(2)Theflightwasdelayed,__________(owe)tothebadweather.(3)SomeforeignershavebeguntothinkofcomingtoChinabecause__________

thesefilms.【答案】(1)Thanks

(2)owing

(3)of

【再精写】微写作(4)多亏了商品潮和财政收入的增加，近几年来多国政府才能顺利挺过经济萧条时期。________________________thecommodityboomandrisingrevenues,governmentsinmanycountrieshavehadaneasytimeofitinthepastfewyears.【答案】(4)Thanksto表示“由于”含义的短语还有：dueto;owingto;becauseof;onaccountof;asaresultof【归纳拓展】【佳句背诵】We’vereachedourgoalof$50,000,thankstothegenerosityofthepublic.由于公众的慷慨解囊，我们已经达到了我们的目标50,000美元。Thankyouforthatlovelymeal;itwasaveritablefeast!谢谢你那顿美餐，真是一顿名副其实的盛宴。1．(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.看起来似乎是这个女人如此喜欢水泵的水以至于她每天都把水运到她家。►句型精讲【先精练】单句语法填空(1)You’dbetterhaveyoureyes__________(examine)tomorrow.(2)Asaresponsibleteacher,hecan’thaveanyofhisstudents__________(cheat)intheexam.(3)Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthings__________(do)andthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.【答案】(1)examined

(2)cheating

(3)todo【再精写】微写作(4)我需要一个新护照，所以不得不拍新照片。IneedanewpassportsoIwillhaveto__________________.【答案】(4)havemyphotographtaken【句法分析】语法现象本句中的havesth.done意为“让某事被做”特点这是宾语补足语结构，主要是看宾语和宾补之间的关系句式演变(1)havesb./sth.doingsth.意为让某人或某物一直做某事，在否定句中，尤其与won’t,can’t等连用时，可表示“容忍或允许”之意；(2)havesb.dosth.让/使某人做某事，强调事实【佳句背诵】UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhavenutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.在新奥尔良和布鲁克林不寻常的时装表演把海狸鼠的皮毛制成了不同风格的衣服。Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeetclappingfor10minutesattheendoftheshow.在节目的最后，舞者难以置信的表演让观众站起来鼓掌了10分钟。【名师点击】这个结构中，要注意宾语补足语与宾语之间主动或被动关系，如果是被动，用过去分词，如果是主动，考虑动名词或是省略to的不定式。2．(教材P8)However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而，能让他成为如此杰出而又有创造力的科学家，可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如：音乐和绘画。【先精练】单句语法填空(1)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof__________itusedtocharge.(2)Thisis__________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.【答案】(1)what

(2)what

【再精写】微写作(3)特别有趣的是各个城市对杜班切特事件的态度。_____________________________________theattitudevariouscitieshavetowardDubanchet’scause.【答案】(3)What’sparticularlyinterestingis【句法分析】句型what引导的主语从句，看作第三人称单数特点what在名词性从句中，通常作主语、宾语、表语重难点that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中都要充当一定的句子成分【佳句背诵】Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了现实。Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.如果你在河里或是湖里游泳，一定要查明水下的状况。※真题长难句精讲精析(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.[句式解构]本句为while连接的__________句，前后句之间表示__________关系。句中的which引导的__________从句，其中先行词是gifts,从句中的meaning后是省略引导词的定语从句。[句意翻译]______________________________________Keys：[句式解构]让步状语从句；让步；非限制性定语从句[句意翻译]虽然我常常买很多书，但这三本书是赠予我的礼物，这可能会增加我对它们的理解。★能力优化集训◎课文语法填空JohnSnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,became1.__________(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho2.__________(expose)tocholera,a3.__________(dead)diseaseofitsday.Manythousandsofpeoplediedandsomeneeded4.__________(attend)toeverytimetherewasanoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofit.JohnSnowwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.【答案】1．inspired

2．wereexposed

3．deadly4．tobeattended/attending

►课本回放Doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories5.______(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheory6.__________suggestedthatpeople7.__________(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854,8.__________anotheroutbreakhitLondon,hewasreadytotestthetwotheories.9.__________thehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas10.__________(blame)．【答案】5．toexplain

6．that7．absorbed

8．when

9．With

10．toblame◎语境填词comedownwith;pure;breakout;inchargeof;gift;steady;aboveall;suspectAsisknowntous,StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand1.____________________scientistsinphysics.Unfortunately,he2.____________________aseverediseasecausingthedoctorwhowas3.____________________himnottocurehim.【答案】1．gifted

2．camedownwith

3．inchargeof

However,Hawkingfirstachievedfameasagraduatestudentin1964whenadispute4.____________________betweenthetwomaintheories—the5.____________________statetheoryandbigbangtheory.He6.____________________theformerwaswrong,sohemanagedtoproveit.WhatmadeHawkingageniuswasnotonlyhisbraverybutalsohisdetermination.7._______________，hewaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimagreatthinkerintheworldof8.__________thought.【答案】4．brokeout

5．steady

6．suspected

7．Aboveall

8．pure【语境辨义】根据语境写出黑体词的词性及含义1．UndertheleadershipofthePa