塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响(英文)市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

HowplasticwasteisaffectingwildlifeandfisheriesThemainwasteintheoceanisthePlasticdebris.About80percentofmarinedebrisisplastic.Everyyear,ahugenumberofseabirds,turtles,andfisheriesdiedofeatingplasticdebrisbymistake.Humanactionsthatpollutedthepacificocean

Merchantshipsexpelcargo,

sewage,usedmedicalequipment,andothertypesofwastethatcontainplasticintotheocean.Navalandresearchvesselsejectwasteandmilitaryequipmentthataredeemedunnecessary.Pleasurecraftsreleasefishinggearandothertypesofwaste,eitheraccidentallyorthroughnegligenthandling.Thelargestocean-basedsourceofplasticpollutionisdiscardedfishinggear(includingtrapsandnets),estimatedtobeupto90%ofplasticdebrisinsomeareas.

（Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR,）TheorganismthatisbeingaffectedSeabirdsWhalesFisheriesSealsSealionsSeaturtleDolphinsAquaticwildlifecanbethreatenedbysuffocation.Obviously,thisseaturtlewasscarred.Afterthispicturewastaken,maybeitwoulddiesoon.Aswecanimagine,therearestillthousandsofseaturtlesunderthethreatenofplasticdebris.Ifnoonehelpsthem,theyarejustdyinglonely,scared,anddesperated.Example:

this

sea

turtleistakingaplasticbaginExample:thesealisstuckbyfishingnetsAseaturtlethatistrappedbyarubberbandThispicturetellsusasadstoryaboutthisturtle:itwastrappedaccidentallywhenitwasyoung.Asitgrewbiggerandbigger,therubberbandlimitedit.Asaresult,itsbodywasdeformed.Convincingdata(onPacificOcean)InaPacificGyrevoyage,AlgalitaMarineResearchFoundationresearchers

beganfindingthatfishareeatingplasticfragmentsandwaste.Ofthe672fishcaughtduringthatvoyage,35%hadateplasticpieces.Clicktoseemoredetails

The

NorthPacificGyre,forexample,hascollectedtheso-called“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”,whichisnowestimatedtobeonetotwentytimesthesizeofTexas(approximatelyfrom700,000to15,000,000squarekilometers).Insamplestakenin1999,themassofplasticexceededthatofzooplankton(thedominantanimallifeinthearea)byafactorofsix.(Weisman&Alan，).

ClicktoseemoredetailsFishareeatingplasticfragmentsandwasteEffectsonwildlife&fisheries

(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)1.EntanglementEntanglementisresponsibleformanydifferentkindsofwildlife.Suchasseals,fish,turtles,andbirds.Theseanimalsgetcaughtinthedebrisandendup

suffocating

or

drowning.

Theydon’thavehandslikeustountanglethemselves,asaresult,theydiefromtheirinabilitytoescapetheirpredators.（

Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR).Effectsonwildlife&fisheries

(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.Ingestion

SeaanimalsTurtlessometimesmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish.“Thisplasticdebriscankilltheseaturtlebyobstructingthe

esophagus.”(Gregory&M.R.14June)Sotooare

whales;largeamountsofplasticshavebeenfoundinthestomachsof

beachedwhales.Truth:InJune,morethan80plasticbagswerefoundinsideadying

pilotwhale

thatwashedupontheshoresofThailand.(Whalediesfromeatingmorethan80plasticbags".

TheGuardian.June2,.Retrieved

June17,

.)Aheart-brokenphotoAnexhibitatthe

MoteMarineLaboratory

thatdisplaysplasticbagsintheoceanthatlooksimilarto

jellyfish.Effectsonwildlife&fisheries

(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.Ingestion

BirdsSeabirdsoftenmistaketrashfloatingontheocean'ssurfaceasprey.Evenworse,marineplasticpollutioncanreachbirdsthathaveneverbeenatthesea.Parentsmayaccidentallyfeedtheirnestlingsplastic,mistakingitforfood.

(Rodríguez,A;etal.)

Seabirdchicksarethemostvulnerabletoplasticingestionsincetheycan‘tvomituptheirfoodliketheadultseabirds.(Derraik,J.G.B.，)TheareaofTexascomparetothewholeAmericaBelieveornot，theareaof"GreatPacificGarbagePatch",is1-20

timesthesizeofTexas!Whatahugegarbagepatchitis!!Fromthispicture,onecanimaginethathowdestructiveistheplasticwaste,andhowmuchplasticwasteisaffectingwildlifeandfisheriesinthePacificOcean.The

biodiversityofthe“Great

Pacific

GarbagePatch”isdecreasingReasons:Fauna&FloraInternational(FFI)hasalreadyconfirmedthatplasticdebriswillposeagrowingthreattoMarinebiodiversityandmarinefoodchainin.Therewillbemore

plastic

thanfishintheocean

by2050,warnedthe

EllenMacArthurFoundation

ina

report

publishedTuesday.(ThereWillBeMorePlasticThanFishintheOceanby2050,January19,)Scientistssaidthatwhalessuchaswhalesharksareendangered.Currently,thewhalesharkhasbeenlistedontheworldunionforconservationofnature(IUCN)redlistofendangeredspeciesver3.1vulnerable(VU)in,andisalsolistedinCITESlevelprotectionofanimalsundertheWashingtonconvention.EffortsthathumanmadetohelpthoseorganismsEveryyear,June5isobservedasWorldEnvironmentDaytoraiseawarenessandincreasegovernmentactiononthepressingissue.In,Indiaisthehosttothisyear’sWorldEnvironmentDayandthethemeis‘BeatPlasticPollution'withfocusonsingle-useordisposableplastic.

On11Aprilinordertocreateawareness,artist

MariaCristinaFinucci

foundedThe

GarbagePatchState

at

UNES