考研考博-英语-徽商职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徽商职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere,she（）bybus.

问题1选项

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词的用法。A选项musthavegone表示肯定的猜测，“她一定是坐公交车去的”；B选项shouldhavegone和C选项oughttohavegone表示本来应该，“她本应该坐公交车去的”；D选项couldhavegone表示本来可以，“她本可以坐公交车去的”。句意：南希去上班了，但她的车还在那儿，她一定是坐公交车去的。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

TomLandryisoneofthemostsuccessfulfootballcoachesinNationalFootballLeaguehistoryandhewasknownforhis（

）mannerandfiercecompetitiveness.

问题1选项

A.unruffled

B.brutal

C.suspicious

D.tender

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。Unruffled意为“平静的，镇定的，沉着的”；brutal意为“野蛮的”；suspicious意为“可疑的，不信任的”；tender意为“和善的，温柔的”。

句意：汤姆•兰德里是国际足球联盟历史上最成功的足球教练之一，他以沉着冷静和激烈竞争而闻名。

3.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it’sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid,“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit’sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.’’

Theyalsosaid,"Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield.Theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthissimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshavebeenconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributingrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.WhichofthefollowingcomputergamesareNOTmentionedaseducationalandharmlesslyentertaining?（

）

2.Accordingtotheinvestigators,（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thosethatteachhowtoflyanairplane.

B.Thosethatteachthefeaturesoftheearth.

C.Thosethathelppeopleusecomputerlanguage.

D.Thosethatteachcomputertechnology.

问题2选项

A.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesallowtheplayerstotakepartinrealviolentacts

B.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesteachtheplayershowtokillotherpeople

C.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

D.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaycultivateyoungpeoplewithbadmanners

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoycruelcomputergames

B.itishardtofindevidenceofalinkbetweenviolenceandcomputergames

C.therearenowmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromrealviolence

问题4选项

A.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreallife

B.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreallife

C.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasedviolenceinreallife

D.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educationalandharmlesslyentertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句teachesgeography,trainspilots分别对应选项B和A；首段第五句helpyoungpeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。

2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。

3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证

peopleareinfluencedbywhattheysee（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

4.单选题

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

问题1选项

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。putsb.in，一般不单独使用;putsb.out“使某人不高兴”；putsb.on,一般不单独使用；putsb.up“给某人提供食宿”。根据空格处后面的foranight可知只有选项D符合题意，“给他提供食宿的女士”。

5.单选题

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

问题1选项

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prominence“突出，显著”；obscurity“朦胧，晦涩，身份低微”；significance“意义，重要性”；originality“创意，创造力”。句意：18世纪，律师从默默无闻一跃成为商业殖民地的重要成员。此处需要注意题干中的“from...to...”，说明有转变，to后面是“重要成员”，而能体现这一转变的选项为Bobscurity。

6.单选题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone'sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm'slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,aremakinguslosefriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.AfterallAmericaisthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorneedingfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans,culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor'sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

问题2选项

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercountries

问题3选项

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

问题4选项

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

问题5选项

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句“LatinosandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.”拉丁美洲人和中东人喜欢亲近和接触，这让美国人感到不舒服。由此推断，如果中东人和美国人靠太近的话，美国人可能会选择和他们保持距离。选项D符合原文。

第2题:主旨思想题。根据第三段的内容可推断，作者举了很多例子是为了批判美国人太以自我文化为中心，选项A符合原文，选项B，C，和D都只是片面，选项A是对其他三个选项内容的概括。

第3题:信息推断题。根据第五段的内容“Whenwegoabroad,...Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.”在国外的时候，美国人常常会受到那些母语是英语的富人的制约，商务往来和国家外交都是通过口译人员进行的。说明由于语言不通导致信息传递不明确。选项B符合原文。选项D太片面，需要口译员的主要原因也是因为语言不通。

第4题:信息推断题。根据第六段的内容，多年来，美国人可以在文化盲目性和语言无知的情况下生存。毕竟美国是自由世界中最强大的国家，分销商需要资金和商品。但是第七段的首句说道，所有的这些都已经是过去。说明现在的美国在世界中所扮演的角色已经发生了变化。并提及55%的美国人希望他们的国家能在国际事务中发挥更大的作用。由此推断无视和漠视他国的语言和文化会限制美国在国际事务中所起到的作用，所以选项C符合原文。

第5题:信息推断题。本文作者主要是批判美国人在语言和文化上的盲目，太以自我文化为中心，所以作者希望通过这篇文章呼吁美国人多了解其他国家的文化，选项D正确。

7.单选题

ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but（）it’sveryenjoyable.

问题1选项

A.allatonce

B.onceandforall

C.somuchas

D.byandlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项allatonce“突然”；B选项onceandforall“一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次”；C选项somuchas“甚至于；连……都不”；D选项byandlarge“大体上，总的来说”。句意：虽然工作上的一些小事情让我讨厌，但是总的来说它是非常令人愉快的。由题干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示转折的“but”可知“byandlarge总的来说”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.

问题1选项

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。resortedto与acourt搭配，意为诉诸法庭。

9.单选题

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax,asatellitefromtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite’scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshuttlein1984.max’sobservationsindicatethatsolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.Thesatellite’sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationintheSun’senergyoutput,generallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsontheSun’sdisk.SunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun'ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargesunspotgroups.In1980,forexample,SolarMax’sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timesthantheEarth'ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed,however,bycomparingSolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whyisitnotpossibletomeasurethesolarconstantaccuratelywithoutasatellite?

2.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

3.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.TheEarthistoofarfromtheSun.

B.SomeareasonEarthreceivemoresolarenergythanothers.

C.Thereisnotenoughsunlightduringtheday.

D.TheEarth’satmosphereinterfereswiththesunlight.

问题2选项

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax'sinstrumentsweregettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolarMax’sdetectors.

问题3选项

A.ongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

问题4选项

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到“Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.大气中的气体分子和尘埃粒子吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。”可知D项“地球的大气层干扰阳光。”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由本文的最后一段，“AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.尽管SolarMax的数据显示，太阳的产出在缓慢而稳定地下降，但一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，卫星上老化的探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。”卫星探测器由于历经时间较长，对太阳常数的敏感度有所下降。可知C项“SolarMax的探测器变老旧了”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.太阳常数的长期变化更难确定。”可知对太阳常数测量的尝试被认为是持续的一种研究过程，因此科研人员想要测量太阳常数的努力还需要继续。A项符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。本篇文章作者主要阐述的是在科学家研发出太阳卫星后，可以对太阳常数的恒量测出比较精确的值，但是测量的过程中有其他外界因素的干扰，从而导致测量结果不是那么准确。可知C项“测量太阳常数的变化”正确。

10.单选题

Asthedetails

oftheprojectwererathervague,wedecidedto（）theproposal.

问题1选项

A.reclaim

B.resign

C.reject

D.resemble

【答案】C

【解析】reclaim指重新得到；resign指辞职；reject指拒绝；resemble指相似的。句意：由于项目细节还很模糊,

我们决定拒绝这个请求。选项C正确。

11.单选题

Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

问题1选项

A.sothat

B.butthat

C.inthat

D.providedthat

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：氢是宇宙的基本元素，因为它提供了其他元素产生的基石。A选项sothat“因此”引导目的状语从句，B选项butthat“要不是”和D选项providedthat“条件是……”引导条件状语从句，均不符合题意。C选项inthat“由于”引导原因状语从句，符合主从句的因果关系。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Diarrhea.

B.Vomiting.

C.Nausea.

D.Acold.

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’msosickinmystomach!

W:That’stoobad.Haveyoubeentothetoilet?Anydiarrhea[ˌdaɪəˈriə]orvomiting?

M:I’vebeentothetoilettwice.Butnodiarrheaorvomiting.PerhapsIshoulddrinksomething.CanIhaveacupofhottea?

Q:Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】推断题。男士说：I’msosickinmystomach（我只是有点反胃），故选C。

13.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（）fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.distance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.isthedistance

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语。approximatelythedistancefromMarathontoAthens是26milesand385yards的同位语，因此C项“thedistance”；为正确答案。这个距离特指从马拉松到雅典的距离，所以要加定冠词the，C正确，A排除。填入B，D选项逗号后面都是一个完整的句子，但是approximately是一个副词，不可以连接两个句子，故排除。句意：奥林匹克马拉松是26英里385码，距离大约是从马拉松到雅典。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

14.单选题

Themost

technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

问题1选项

A.prominent

B.prosperous

C.productive

D.prevalent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent“显著的，突出的”；prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive“能生产的”；prevalent“流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“缩减”；boildown“归结”；narrowdown“缩小范围”。句意：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

问题1选项

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

问题2选项

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

问题3选项

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

问题4选项

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

问题5选项

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：第一段中提到这几位伟人的名字是为了表明什么？根据题干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我们对领导力的初识源于历史和社会的研究，尤其是从反思性实践者的思想而来，譬如摩西、凯撒大帝和詹姆斯•麦迪逊；在我们自己的时代就来源于甘地、温斯顿•丘吉尔、毛泽东和亨利•基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位领导人的目的，是想表明他们对于领导力理论的贡献。因此本题正确答案选C。

2.观点态度题。题干询问：作者认为，人们对领导力的看法总体上是怎样的。根据原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人们对领导力存在多种解释并且大多数的定义都不一致。因此，作者认为人们对于领导力的观点是分化的，故本题正确答案为A项。

3.观点态度题。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，几十年的学术分析为我们提供了350多种领导力的定义。仅在过去的75年里，人们就对领导者进行了成千上万的实证研究，但对于如何区分领导者和非领导者，或许更重要的是如何区分有效的领导者和无效的领导者，以及有效的组织和无效的组织，却没有明确的认识。由此可知，C选项“领导力的本质还没有被掌握”符合题意，故本题正确答案为C项。

4.词汇题。将thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，这些沥青坑位于洛杉矶，里面存放着一长串史前动物的遗骸，这些动物前来调查，但从未离开过这个地区。由此可知，这些沥青坑是那些想要问问题的人的陷阱。故本题正确答案为B选项。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了多年来，我们对什么是领导以及谁能行使领导职能的看法发生了很大变化；第二段虽然我们对领导力的认识有了更进一步的认识，但是这样的研究还远远不够；最后两段讲了关于领导力的解释五花八门，但这些解释都不充分且互相抵触，许多理论都只是暂时的，经不住时间的考验。由此可知，文章主要阐述的是对于领导力的理论不一致，故本题正确答案为D项。

17.单选题

Afewdecadesago,itwasstillpossibletoleavehomeandgosomewhereelse:thearchitecturewasdifferent,thelandscapewasdifferent,thelanguage,lifestyle,dress,andvaluesweredifferent.Thatwasatimewhenwecouldspeakofculturaldiversity.Butwitheconomicglobalization,diversityisfastdisappearing.Thegoaloftheglobaleconomyisthatallcountriesshouldbehomogenized.Whenglobalhotelchainsadvertisetotouriststhatalltheirroomsineverycityoftheworldareidentical,theydon’tmentionthatthecitiesarebecomingidenticaltoo:cars,noise,smog,corporatehigh-rises,violence,fastfood,McDonalds,Nikes,Levis,BarbieDolls,AmericanTVandfilm.What’sthepointofleavinghome?

Therearemanycausesforthisdrearyturnofevents,butoneiscentral:economicglobalizationandinstitutionsliketheWorldBankandtheWTOpromoteaspecifickindofhomogenizingdevelopmentthatfreesthelargestcorporationsintheworldtoinvestandoperateineverymarket,everywhere.Fortheseagenciesandcorporation,diversityisnotaprimaryvalue:ef