考研考博-英语-北京城市学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京城市学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

______Ihavealreadymentioned,cardiosurgeryisoneoftheamazingnewsurgicaltechniquesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.

问题1选项

A.Which

B.What

C.As

D.This

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如我已经提到的，心脏外科手术是近年来发展起来的令人惊奇的外科新技术之一。根据题干中两个完整的句子用逗号连接，以及选项中的引导词，可知考查非限制性定语从句。As引导非限制性定语从句时可放在句首，修饰后面的主句或主句的一部分，意思为“正如，像”，C选项符合题意。A选项which引导非限制性定语从句时放在所修饰部分或主句后面，不放在句首；B选项what不引导非限制性定语从句；D选项this为指示代词，不引导从句。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Allenwillsoonfindoutthatreallifeisseldomassimpleasitis（

）incommercials.

问题1选项

A.drafted

B.depicted

C.alleged

D.permeated

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。drafted“设计；挑选”;depicted“描述;描画”;alleged“宣称”；permeated“弥漫”。句意：艾伦将很快发现实际生活很少像广告中描绘的那样简单。选项B符合题意。

3.翻译题

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政党，中国共产党，是开创性的党，是全心全意致力于为人民服务的党。然而，如果中国共产党未能履行其承诺，也有可能侵蚀党执政的基石。

4.南宁华润万家城是目前广西最大一站式购物中心，拥有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千个国际国内知名品牌以及各国特色餐饮等休闲消费购物娱乐设施。

5.我的最大爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者还使用了“云计算”服务，因为它具有很强的处理能力，而且价格低廉。他们常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交网站，那里大多数的用户使用自己真实的名字和照片。

2.这一代的年轻人将婚姻视作灵魂上的伴侣和名正言顺的生儿育女，至少，他（她）们认为两者同等重要。因此，异性有权利结婚，而同性却不能够，年轻人对此种想法表示无法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

4.单选题

Peoplewhoquestionorevenlookdownonthestudyofthepastanditsworksusuallyassumethatthepastisentirelydifferentfromthepresent,andthathencewecanlearnnothingworthwhilefromthepast.Butitisnottruethatthepastisentirelydifferentfromthepresent.Wecanlearnmuchofvaluefromitssimilarityanditsdifference.

Atremendouschangeintheconditionsofhumanlifeandinourknowledgeandcontrolofthenaturalworldhastakenplacesinceancienttimes.Theancientscouldnot,however,seeinadvanceourcontemporarytechnicalandsocialenvironment,andhencehavenoadvicetoofferusabouttheparticularproblemsfacingus.But,althoughsocialandeconomicarrangementsvarywithtimeandplace,manstillremainsman.Weandtheancientsshareacommonhumannatureandhencecertaincommonhumanexperiencesandproblems.

Thepoetsbearwitnessthatancientman,too,sawthesunriseandset,feltthewindonhischeek,waspossessedbyloveanddesire,experiencedjoyandexcitementaswellasfrustrationanddisappointment,andknewgoodandevil.Theancientpoetsspeakacrossthecenturiestous,sometimesmoredirectlyandvividlythanourcontemporarywriters.Andtheancientprophetsandphilosophers,indealingwiththebasicproblemsofmenlivingtogetherinsociety,stillhavesomethingtosaytous.

Wealsolearnfromthepastbyconsideringtherespectsinwhichitdiffersfromthepresent.Wecandiscoverwherewearetodayandwhatwehavebecomebyknowingwhatthepeopleofthepastdidandthought.Andpartofthepast—ourpersonalpastandthatoftherace—alwayslivesinus.

1.Accordingtothewriter,ourpastcanteachusquitealotbecause（）

2.Inthesecondparagraph,thewriterplacesgreatemphasisonthefactthat（）

3.Judgingfromthecontext,thereasonforthewritertotalkaboutthepoetsisthat（）

4.Inthefirstlineofthelastparagraph,thesentence“Wecandiscoverwherewearetoday...”means（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.itisverydifferentfromthepresent

B.itisquitethesameasthepresent

C.wecandrawmanylessonsfromit

D.wearenotworkingsohardasthepeopleinthepast

问题2选项

A.humannaturedoesnotchangeeasily

B.agreatchangehastakenplaceintheconditionsofhumanlife

C.socialarrangementschangequickly

D.itisimpossibletoasktheancientpeopletogiveususefuladvice

问题3选项

A.theytriedtotalktopeoplewhoweretocomeafterthem

B.theyknewgoodandevilbetterthanotherpeople

C.theywerethemostemotionalpeopleintheirtimes

D.theyrecordedthelifeofancientpeopleintheirpoems

问题4选项

A.wecanknowhowmuchdevelopmentwehavemade

B.wecanidentifywherewearelivingatthepresentage

C.wecanlearnmoreaboutourproblems

D.wecantraveltoanyplacequiteeasily

问题5选项

A.Ourpresenthaslittleincommonwiththepast.

B.Pasthumanexperiencescanbeusedtoservethepresent.

C.Somepeopleinthepastpredictedthingsinourageaccurately.

D.Ourpresentageisbasicallysimilartothepastone.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“Wecanlearnmuchofvaluefromitssimilarityanditsdifference.”可知,过去可以教会我们很多,因为我们可以从中获得经验教训。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后两句“...,manstillremainsman.Weandtheancientsshareacommonhumannature...”尽管社会和经济随着时间和地点而改变,但我们依旧是我们。我们和古人有着共同的人性,因此也有共同的经历和问题。所以作者强调的是人性是没有变化的。选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“Andtheancientprophetsandphilosophers,indealingwiththebasicproblemsofmenlivingtogetherinsociety,stillhavesomethingtosaytous.”古代的先知和哲学家,在处理人类共同生活在社会中的基本问题时,对我们依然适用。由此推断,作者提到诗人的原因是因为他们将古人的生活写进了他们的诗。

4.判断推理题。根据句意,通过了解过去人们的所作所为和思想,我们可以发现我们今天在哪里,我们变成了什么样子。这里与过去对比,说明我们现如今的生活有很大的进步。所以选项A符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段就可知,本文主要讲过去对我们的重要性,过去和现在相关联,但是过去和现在有相似但也有不同,所以选项A和D错误,选项B古人的经历对现在依然有影响,符合原文。

5.单选题

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

问题1选项

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heatandmoisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。

6.单选题

Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.Wehave,byandlargeacceptedthepropositionthatpeopledon'tcareaboutforeignnews,don'treallycaremuchabouthardnews-atall-that"feel-goodnews,entertainment,“info-tainment”，features,andgossipsellbetterthananythingseriousandcertainlysellbetterthananythingtoodisturbing.

Ibelievethatkindoftalkiswrong.Ibelievethatkindoftalkisdangerous.And1knowthatkindoftalkhasnothingtodowithleadershipandpublicservice.Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.

Ofcourse.Thereisonespecialproblemforthoseofuswhoearn,ourlivingreportingthenewsthatothersmake.Leadershiprequiresdefiniteopinionsonwhichcoursetotake,whatpathtofollow;butthoseofusinthemainstreammediaaretrainedtosetouropinionsasideasfarashumanlypossible.Wetrytokeepopenminds;byandlarge,wearen'tjoiners.Weknow(oftenbetterthanwe’regivencreditfor)thatwedon’thaveanysecretformulasforansweringtheimportantquestions.Sowecanjustifiablyask:“Howarewetolead?”Iknowthatweinthemediaare.GeorgeBernardShawonceobservedthatnewspapersareunabletodistinguishbetweenabicycleaccidentandthecollapseofcivilization.Forus,leadershipshouldbethewillingnesstodistinguishbetweenwhat’smerelyinterestingandwhat’svitallyimportant.

Now,whensomeonesaysthatsomestoriesaremoreimportantthanothers,heorsheisoftenlabeledanelitist,someone,whojustdoesn'tunderstandwhat“realpeople’’careabout.Thisis,ofcourse,thefamiliardefensefortrashtelevisionandtrashtabloids.Andit'salsothereasongivenforreducingforeignnewscoverageaswellascoveragepoliticalcampaigns.Therearealotofpeopleinthebusinesswhosay“realpeoplewon’tcareunlessitbleedsorbums.Therearealotofdoctorsandmarketresearchersouttherewhoinsistthat"realpeople”don'tcaremuchwhathappensintherestoftheworld-theywantthewordsAmericanandtheUnitedStatesplasteredallovertheirnewslikeflagscrowdingacampaignplatform.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscansubstituteduckinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhatdidHarryTrumanmeanbysayingthat“ifMoseshadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverhaveleftEgypt?’’

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thetoneofthepassageis（）.

5.Accordingtothewriter,themediashould（）.

问题1选项

A.shoulder

B.assume

C.dodge

D.confront

问题2选项

A.MosesdidnotwanttoleaveEgypt,buthewasforcedto.

B.Mosesshouldhavetakenapublicopinionpollbeforehemadethedecision.

C.MosesleftEgyptbecausehedidnottakeapublicopinionpoll.

D.Anyonewhowantstodosomethinggreatshallactresolutely.

问题3选项

A.IntheU.S.,localnewshadawidercoveragethanforeignnews.

B.Localnewsismoreseriousthanforeignnews.

C.“Realpeople”favorforeignnewsoverlocalnews.

D.ForeignnewsisforbiddenintheU.S.

问题4选项

A.commanding

B.critical

C.ironical

D.appreciative

问题5选项

A.reportwhatthe"realpeople'like

B.basetheirdecisionsonthepublicopinion

C.havetheirownjudgmentinwhatistobebroadcast

D.learnfromthepoliticiansinmakingstrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义题。Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.利用民意调查、焦点小组和其他市场调查技术作为有限的信息工具是一回事，利用它们作为借口（）我们对公众的责任是另一回事。由借口可推测出是逃避对公众的责任。故C项正确。

2.语义题。HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.哈里•杜鲁门曾经说过，如果摩西•巴特过去做了民意调查，他就不会离开埃及。由此可知摩西巴特过去没做过民意调查，并且他已经离开了埃及。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第一段“Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.随着新闻变得越来越有竞争力,我们所有人——无论是在广播新闻或已出版的新闻(有些可能会认为这是正确的广播新闻,我也许不想辩论)——回落在尝试和真正的本地新闻公式。由此可知在美国，人们更关注当地新闻。故A项正确。

4.观点态度题。本文第二三四段所提到的内容都带有作者的评论。故本篇文章的口吻是评论性的。B项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第二段“Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?我认为，记者成为市场研究的奴隶——就像我们之前的政客一样——是最危险的。那些关于勇气、进取心和胆量的出版商、编辑和记者在哪里?那些凭良心、甚至凭嗅觉而不是凭民意来判断新闻的人在哪里？”可知作者认为记者应该有自己的判断力，而不是听信民意调查。故C项正确。

7.单选题

Ourserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountrywhilesix

librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

问题1选项

A.shifting

B.drifting

C.rotating

D.mobile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。shifting“不断移动的”；drifting“漂移的”；rotating“旋转的”；mobile“可移动的”。句意：全国有36个图书馆，有6个移动图书馆专门为农村服务。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed(exactlyaswritten)onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments“ragsweretransferredtothePianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance,itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbasscalledbyjazzmusiciansaboom—chickbass—inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstitutionalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofJazz.Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentionofstructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.

问题1选项

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistory

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunes

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuites

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructures

问题2选项

A.intrinsically

B.artificially

C.monotonously

D.apparently

问题3选项

A.developmentofmusicalthemes

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedform

C.clear,sharpmelodicfigures

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjects

问题4选项

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.

问题5选项

A.formalstructure

B.emotionalrange

C.improvisationalopportunities

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazz

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.36.根据第一段，拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安东德沃夏克和斯科特乔普林都______，这一点很相似。

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistoryA.对音乐学历史进行了研究

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunesB.是根据民间曲调创作的原创作品

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuitesC.收集并录制了简短的钢琴组曲

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructuresD.创造了复杂的奏鸣曲式的音乐结构

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第一段“雷格泰姆是一种音乐形式，它将民间旋律（folkmelodies）和音乐技巧综合成一种简短的类似方舞舞曲的形式，严格地按照创作一样在钢琴上演奏。拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、爱德华格里格和安东德沃夏克等欧洲作曲家与美国的先驱拉雷格泰姆作曲家有着强烈的相似之处。像斯科特乔普林和詹姆斯斯科特这样的作曲家在某种意义上是收藏家或音乐学家，他们收集黑人社区的舞蹈和民间音乐（folkmusic），并有意识地把它们编成简短的组曲或选集（consciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologies），称为钢琴散拍乐曲。”，从中我们可知，雷格泰姆音乐是将民间旋律和音乐技巧结合，并在钢琴上演奏，拉尔夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安东德沃夏克和雷格泰姆风格类似，而斯科特乔普林也是收集民间音乐并编曲，其中的关键词是folkmusic，所以他们的相似之处就是，他们都是根据民间旋律创作作品，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、D选项在该段没有提到，属于无中生有；

C选项只是针对斯科特乔普林来说，并不全面，属于以偏概全。

37.【选项释义】

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.37.第二段中的“inherently”一词最好用______代替。

A.intrinsicallyA.本质地，固有的

B.artificiallyB.人工地

C.monotonouslyC.无变化地，单调地

D.apparentlyD.显然地

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】定位第二段第三句“然而，没有理由仅因为商业制造商采用了一种机械的录音方法来录制散拍乐，而这是当时录制钢琴音乐的唯一方法，就认为散拍乐inherently就是呆板的”，在第一句也同样提到“有时人们认为散拍乐是呆板的”，从中我们可以推测，inherently表示“本来的”的意思，所以A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不正确，属于曲解原文。

38.【选项释义】

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.38.根据第三段，除了______，下面所有的都是散拍乐曲作曲家最关心的。

A.developmentofmusicalthemesA.音乐主题发展

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedformB.一个完整的主题

C.clear,sharpmelodicfiguresC.清晰的、尖锐的旋律

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjectsD.将其与各种相关主题联系起来

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第三段倒数第二句“散拍乐作曲家关心的不是音乐主题的发展（Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes），而是把一个完整的主题（atheme）以完整的形式记录下来，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来（linksittovariousrelatedthemes）”，以及倒数第三句“因此，主题必须是简短的，清晰的，尖锐的旋律（clear,sharpmelodicfigures）”，从中可知A项是散拍乐曲作曲家不关心的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均是散拍乐曲作曲家关心的。

39.【选项释义】

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?39.根据第四段，散拍乐和爵士乐的主要区别是什么？

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.A.一种乐器技巧和音乐技巧。

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.B.一种乐器方法和旋律。

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.C.音乐流派和音乐技巧。

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.D.一种乐器方法和流派。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位至第四段，文中提到“无论是作为一种器乐风格（institutionalstyle）还是一种流派（genre），散拍乐都与爵士乐截然不同”，从中可知，散拍乐和爵士乐主要在于institutionalstyle和genre上的区别，D选项表达最完整，因此正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项表达不全面，属于以偏概全。

40.【选项释义】

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.40.可以推断出，文章的作者认为散拍乐最重要的特征是它的______。

A.formalstructureA.形式结构

B.emotionalrangeB.情绪广度

C.improvisationalopportunitiesC.即兴机会

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazzD.爵士乐先驱的角色

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“散拍乐的精确性不是一种呆板的精确，这种精确也并不局限于表演风格，它来自于散拍乐遵循的一个明确定义的形式（awell-definedform），并在这个形式中遵守简单的规则”，第三段第一句“钢琴散拍乐的经典形式（classicformula）就是在16小节的旋律中安排3到5个主题，并且经常以重复的形式组织起来（organizedwithrepeats）”，以及最后一段中的“散拍乐风格强调的是重复的音乐节奏（apatternofrepeatedrhythms）……散拍乐要求严格注意结构（requiresstrictattentionofstructure）……”，从中我们可以看出，散拍乐的特点就是遵循明确的形式规则和编曲结构，所以A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项属于编曲结构的特点之一，但并不全面，属于以偏概全；

C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位文章最后一句“散拍乐与其说是爵士乐，不如说是19世纪的民间音乐”可知，选项中的forerunner并不符合原文，属于反向干扰。

9.单选题

Hewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhe______outofapaintingbyXuBeihong.

问题1选项

A.come

B.hascome

C.iscoming

D.hadcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。asthough引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。主句Hewasabeautifulhorse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时hadcome。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.Expressiveleaderarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT___.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphabout“naturalleaders”?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Paragraphs3and4organizethediscussionofleadershipprimarilyintermof___.

问题1选项

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

问题2选项

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

问题3选项

A.Fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”.

B.Thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“Naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“Naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

问题4选项

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Ape