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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京铁道职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Peterknewclearlythathewasnotstrongenoughtoreplacehisboss.Hereasoned,therefore,thathemust(

)histime.

问题1选项

A.hide

B.ride

C.slide

D.bide

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。hide意为“隐藏”;ride意为“乘,骑”;slide意为“滑落”;bide意为“等待,停留”。句意:Peter清楚地知道他不够强大,不足以取代他的老板。因此,他推断他必须等待时机。

2.单选题

Babiessoonbegantotakeanactive(

)theworldaroundthem.

问题1选项

A.contemptfor

B.fondnessfor

C.interestin

D.partin

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:婴儿很快就会积极地加入他们周围的世界。

takepartin参加,加入。

3.单选题

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand(

)hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

问题1选项

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transform“改变,使……变形”;transport“运输;流放;使狂喜";transplant“移植;移栽;使移居”;transcend“胜过,超越”。句意:布莱克太太发现只要她一弹钢琴,自己就会被这架有魔法的钢琴从现实世界带入到自己的仙境。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

NoahWebster'sDictionarywas()in1828andhasbeenextremelyinfluentialinAmericanlanguageusageeversincethen.

问题1选项

A.thefirstpublished

B.firstpublished

C.thefirsttobepublished

D.tobefirstpublished

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意:这部字典在1828年首次出版,事情已经完成,首先排除选项C和D;选项A不符合句意,所以只有选项B正确。

5.翻译题

1.Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmostseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.

2.ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.

3.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfrombottomtothetop,andsoon,aswellassuchdetailsaseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesinthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.

4.Itislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversus(对,对抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.

5.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryoneprefersanindividualhomeandgarden.Theyalsoignorethehighercostofprovidingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystowork.

【答案】1.英国几乎比世界上其他任何国家都更加需要严肃对待建筑物向高空发展的问题,也就是说,要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。

2.据说英国人反对这种居住方式,但是倘若情况如此的话,那么英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。

3.过去,我们的住宅小区和低收入人群相联系,它们缺乏一些必须设施,比如中央供暖设备、稳定的热水供应、贯通上下的电梯等等。还有一些细节之处,如灰尘和垃圾的简单处理设施,一楼的婴儿车存放处,楼顶的儿童游乐场,以及衣服的晾晒场地。

4.就英国而言,关于公寓与私人住宅的争论很可能会持续很长一段时间。

5.那些反对建公寓的人所根据的主要理由是,他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园。他们还忽视了为分散的社区提供全面服务的较高成本,以及上班路上的金钱和时间成本。

6.单选题

Asmanyas100speciesoffish,some(

)tothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythepollution.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.particular

C.typical

D.unique

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unusual“不寻常的”;particular“特别的,详细的”;typical“典型的”;unique“独一无二的”。句意:在这片水域有100多种鱼类,有些是独一无二的,已经被污水影响了。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealtocopewiththeextremeoxygendeprivationthatoccursduringitslongestdives,whichcanextend500metersbelowtheocean’ssurfaceandlastforover70minutes.Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.

Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygenanditsarteriesbecomeconstricted,ensuringthattheseal’sbloodremainsconcentratednearthoseorgansmostcrucialtoitsabilitytonavigateunderwater.Thesealessentiallyshutsofftheflowofbloodtootherorgans,whicheitherstopfunctioninguntilthesealsurfacesorswitchtoananaerobic(oxygen-independent)metabolism.ThelatterresultsintheproductionoflargeamountsoflacticacidwhichcanadverselyaffectthePHoftheseal’sbloodbutsincetheanaerobicmetabolismoccursonlyinthosetissueswhichhavebeenisolatedfromtheseal’sbloodsupply,thelacticacidisreleasedintotheseal’sbloodonlyafterthesealsurfaces,whenthelungs,liver,andotherorgansquicklycleartheacidfromtheseal’sbloodstream.

Recentfieldstudies,however,revealthatondivesinthewild,thesealusuallyheadsdirectlyforitspreyandreturnstothesurfaceinlessthantwentyminutes.Theabsenceofhighlevelsoflacticacidintheseal’sbloodaftersuchdivessuggeststhatduringthen,theseal’sorgansdonotresorttotheanaerobicmetabolismobservedinthelaboratory,butaresuppliedwithoxygenfromtheblood.Theseal’slongerexcursionsunderwater,duringwhichitappearstobeeitherexploringdistantroutesorevadingapredator,doevokethedivingresponseseeninthelaboratory.Butwhydotheseal’slaboratorydivesalwaysevokethisresponse,regardlessoftheirlengthordepth?Somebiologistsspeculatethatbecauseinlaboratorydivesthesealisforciblysubmerged,itdoesnotknowhowlongitwillremainunderwaterandsopreparesfortheworst.

1.Thepassageprovidesinformationtosupportwhichofthefollowinggeneralizations?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbydescribingtheWeddellsealaspreparing“fortheworst”lines31—32,biologistsmeanthatit(

).

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatduringlaboratorydives.ThePHoftheWeddellseal’sbloodis(

4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?notadverselyaffectedbyproductionoflacticacidbecause.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingistrueofthelaboratorystudiesmentionedinline1?

6.TheauthorciteswhichofthefollowingascharacteristicoftheWeddellseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorduringdivesobservedinthelaboratory?

I.Adecreaseintherateatwhichtheseal’sheartbeats.

II.Aconstrictionoftheseal’sarteries.

III.Adecreaseinthelevelsoflacticacidintheseal’sblood.

IV.Atemporaryhaltinthefunctioningofcertainorgans.

7.ThepassagesuggeststhatbecauseWeddellsealsareforciblysubmergedduringlaboratorydives,theydowhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.Observationsofanimals’physiologicalbehaviorinthewildarenotreliableunlessverifiedbylaboratorystudies.

B.Itisgenerallylessdifficulttoobservethephysiologicalbehaviorofananimalinthewildthaninthelaboratory.

C.Theleveloflacticacidinananimal’sbloodislikelytobehigherwhenitissearchingforpreythanwhenit’sevadingpredators.

D.Thephysiologicalbehaviorofanimalsinalaboratorysettingisnotalwaysconsistentwiththeirphysiologicalbehaviorinthewild.

问题2选项

A.preparestoremainunderwaterfornolongerthantwentyminutes

B.exhibitsphysiologicalbehaviorsimilartothatwhichcharacterizesdivesinwhichitheadsdirectlyforitsprey

C.exhibitsphysiologicalbehaviorsimilartothatwhichcharacterizesitslongestdivesinthewild

D.beginstoexhibitpredatorybehavior

问题3选项

A.onlythoseorgansthatareessentialtotheseal’sabilitytonavigateunder-waterreverttoananaerobicmechanism.

B.thesealtypicallyrevertstoananaerobicmetabolismonlyattheveryendofthedive

C.organsthatreverttoananaerobicmetabolismaretemporarilyisolatedfromtheseal’sbloodstream

D.thesealremainssubmergedforonlyshortperiodsoftime

问题4选项

A.RecentfieldstudieshaveindicatedthatdescriptionsofthephysiologicalbehavioroftheWeddellsealduringlaboratorydivesarenotapplicabletoitsmosttypicaldivesinthewild.

B.TheWeddellsealhasdevelopedanumberofuniquemechanismsthatenableittoremainsubmergedatdepthsofupto500metersforupto70minutes.

C.TheresultsofrecentfieldstudieshavemadeitnecessaryforbiologiststorevisepreviousperceptionsofhowtheWeddellsealbehavesphysiologicallyduringitslongestdivesinthewild.

D.HowtheWeddellsealrespondstooxygendeprivationduringitslongestdivesappearstodependonwhetherthesealissearchingforpreyoravoidingpredatorsduringsuchdives.

问题5选项

A.TheypresentanoversimplifiedaccountofmechanismsthattheWeddellsealreliesonduringitslongestdivesinthewild.

B.TheyprovideevidencethatunderminestheviewthattheWeddellsealreliesonananaerobicmetabolismduringit’sinthewild.

C.TheyarebasedontheassumptionthatWeddellsealsrarelyspendmorethantwentyminutesunderwateronatypicaldiveinthewild.

D.TheyprovideanaccurateaccountofthephysiologicalbehaviorofWeddellsealsduringthosedivesinthewildinwhichtheyareeitherevadingpredatorsorexploringdistantroutes.

问题6选项

A.IandIIIonly

B.IandIVonly

C.IIandIIIonly

D.I,II,andIVonly

问题7选项

A.Exhibitthephysiologicalresponsesthatarecharacteristicofthelongerdivestheyundertakeinthewild.

B.Copewithoxygendeprivationlesseffectivelythandoontypicaldivesinthewild.

C.Producesmalleramountsoflacticacidthantheydoontypicaldivesinthewild.

D.Navigatelesseffectivelythantheydoontypicaldivesinthewild.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据文章第一段末尾提到“Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.”然而,最近有研究表明在更为真实的野生环境中,威德尔氏海豹在深度潜水时的生理反应与在实验室中是不一样的。D选项符合题意。野生环境中所观察到的现象并不一定要通过实验室来证明,A选项明显是错误表达。文中并未提及在实验室中和在野生环境中哪个更容易观察海豹的生理反应,B选项排除。文中第三段表明海豹在搜寻猎物和攻击肉食动物时,乳酸升高的度数是一样的。C选项错误,排除。

2.推理判断题。根据文章末尾“itdoesnotknowhowlongitwillremainunderwaterandsopreparesfortheworst.”即它并不知道它会在水底待多久,因此做好了最坏的打算。这里所说的“最坏的打算”是指海豹做好了它在野外潜水(不知道潜水深度和时间)一样的准备。确定C选项‘展示的生理行为类似于在野外描述其最长的潜水’符合题意。

3.细节判断题。根据文章最后一句“ThelatterresultsintheproductionoflargeamountsoflacticacidwhichcanadverselyaffectthePHoftheseal’sbloodbutsincetheanaerobicmetabolismoccursonlyinthosetissueswhichhavebeenisolatedfromtheseal’sbloodsupply,thelacticacidisreleasedintotheseal’sbloodonlyafterthesealsurfaces,whenthelungs,liver,andotherorgansquicklycleartheacidfromtheseal’sbloodstream.后者即无氧代谢结果在生产大量的乳酸可以影响密封的PH值的血液但由于厌氧代谢只发生在那些组织已隔绝密封的血液供应,乳酸是释放到密封的血只有在密封表面,当肺、肝等器官迅速清除酸从密封的血液。”即无氧代谢产生了大量的乳酸,这些乳酸对海豹的血液产生了负面的影响。但是由于无氧代谢只发生在一些特定的无需海豹血液供给的组织,海豹浮出水面后,乳酸开始摄入海豹的血液。此时,海豹的肺、肝以及其他的一些器官迅速地把乳酸排除出海豹的血液。所以C选项‘恢复到厌氧代谢状态的器官会暂时从海豹的血液中分离出来’符合题意。A、B过于绝对,可直接排除。D项与题目无关。

4.主旨大意题。本文开门见山,作者在第一段直接指出最近有研究表明在更为真实的野生环境中,威德尔氏海豹在深度潜水时的生理反应与在实验室中是不一样的。所以A选项‘最近的野外研究表明,对威德尔海豹在实验室潜水时的生理行为的描述并不适用于它在野外最典型的潜水行为’符合题意。

5.细节判断题。由第三段可知,海豹在水下潜水时,其生理机制是很复杂的,所以A选项‘他们对威德尔海豹在野外最长时间潜水时所依赖的机制进行了过于简化的描述。’排除。该实验证明了威德尔氏海豹在野外潜水时依靠无氧排泄,并没有推翻它,所以B选项错误。海豹很少会在水下持续潜水超过20分钟,这是研究证明了的,并不是一个假设,C选项错误,排除。根据第三段‘Theseal’slongerexcursionsunderwater,duringwhichitappearstobeeitherexploringdistantroutesorevadingapredator海豹在水下长时间潜水时,它要么在探索远行的路线要么在捕食食肉动物‘确定D选项‘它们准确地描述了威德尔海豹在野外潜水时的生理行为。在野外潜水时,威德尔海豹要么躲避捕食者,要么探索遥远的路线。’符合题意。

6.细节判断题。根据文中第二段‘Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygenanditsarteriesbecomeconstricted.Thesealessentiallyshutsofftheflowofbloodtootherorgans,whicheitherstopfunctioninguntilthesealsurfacesorswitchtoananaerobic(oxygen-independent)metabolism.在实验室里,当海豹潜到水面以下停止呼吸时,它的心脏跳动得更慢,需要的氧气更少,动脉也会收缩。海豹实际上关闭了血液的流动到其他器官,要么停止运转,直至密封表面或切换到厌氧(oxygen-independent)新陈代谢。’确定I、II、IV都在文中提到,所以D选项正确。III中应该是乳酸升高而非降低,所以排除。

7.判断推理题。文中最后一句提到一些生物学家猜测由于在实验室中,海豹通常是被迫下水,它并不知道它会在水底待多久,因此做好了最坏的打算。这里的最坏的打算是指“海豹做好了它在野外潜水(不知道潜水深度和时间)一样的准备”。所以A选项‘表现出它们在野外进行的较长时间潜水所特有的生理反应‘符合题意。

8.不定项选择题

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

问题2选项

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

问题3选项

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

问题4选项

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

问题5选项

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

问题6选项

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干,我们可以定位到文章第一段第三句Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.(这项曾经被认为清洁又便宜的技术,现在被证明两者都没有),A选项“不可替代的”,文章没有提及,而且不符合逻辑;B选项“昂贵”,以前觉得清洁又便宜,但是这种想法已经被推翻了,所以是既不清洁又很贵,答案选B;C选项“economical”(经济的)和cheap是同义词;D选项“有竞争力的”,文章没有提及,所以排除。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干,我们可以定位到第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.(但是除了法国和日本,发达国家已经停止订购新的反应堆。)由此可知反应堆仍然有人在用,而且法国和日本也没有拒绝使用反应堆,A选项“人们停止使用反应堆”和D选项“被日本和法国禁止使用”排除。第一段第四句Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.(现在这个行业的主要希望就是不发达国家了),以及第一段倒数第二、三句话Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.(在亚洲,发展中国家的电力需求以每年8%的速度增长,这将成为每个人谈论的话题。中国大陆、中国台湾、印尼、韩国、巴基斯坦和印度都计划建设新的核反应堆。),由此可见反应堆的销售者不会偏向地选择富裕国家,因为他们把希望寄托在了不发达国家。所以C选项“反应堆(销售者)仍然倾向于富裕国家”错误;而在发展中国家中打算建立核电站的都是亚洲国家,所以答案是B选项“都准备销往亚洲”。

第3题:推理判断题,定位到第三段最后一句Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.(核电站在这两个方面都做不到:建造它需要大量资金,而且可能需要长达十年的时间来建设。),所以A选项“建核电站不耗费时间”错误;第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.(但是除了法国和日本,发达国家已经停止订购新的反应堆。),所以B选项“西方国家拒绝购买任何反应堆”错误,因为日本和法国是发达国家;第一段倒数第二、三句话Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.(在亚洲,发展中国家的电力需求以每年8%的速度增长,这将成为每个人谈论的话题。中国大陆、中国台湾、印尼、韩国、巴基斯坦和印度都计划建设新的核反应堆),由此可知C选项“发展中国家对核反应堆有大量需求”错误,对核反应堆有大量需求的都是亚洲发展中国家,而不是全部发展中国家;第三段第一句话:Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.(核能在不发达国家的经济效益可能会更不好。)这句是D选项“核电在发达国家都不便宜更何况发展中国家”的同义替换,所以答案选D。

第4题:推理判断题。第三段第四句InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.(在中国,尽管煤炭储量巨大,但在电力需求不断增长的偏远地区,对使用核电的可能性更大一些),从这里可以看出中国并不会完全反对核能源的运用反而打算去建立核电站来解决偏远地区的用电问题。所以B选项“中国打算在某种程度上使用核能”正确;最后一段Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.(那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三个支持核能的新论点……,没有一个(论点)经受了最近的检验)从这可以看出支持核的运用的新论点还没有被人验证过的,不能说正确还是不合理,所以排除C选项“支持建立核电站的论点是合理的”。第三段倒数第二句话Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.(但大多数发展中国家资金短缺,需要迅速增加电力供应以满足不断飙升的需求),从这句话可知发展中国家缺钱,所以D选项“发展中国家不会被金钱或者时间限制”错误;A选项“中国将拒绝完全使用核能。”,文章没有提及。

第5题:事实细节题。从题干我们定位到第三段最后一句话Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.(核电站两者都不占:它们既是资本密集型又得花费长达十年的时间来建设),所以B选项“大量资金投入”,C选项“时间长”是对的,固而排除;定位到文章第一段第三句“Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand‘toocheaptometer’hasprovedtotheneither.(这项曾经被认为清洁又便宜的技术,现在被证明两者都没有)”以前被人认为又清洁又便宜的核能现在被证明两者都不占,所以建核电站肯定是涉及污染问题的;D选项“污染”也可以排除,A选项“劳动密集”是整篇文章都没提及的,而且根据常识,核电站一般是技术密集型产业,所以答案选A。

第6题:事实细节题。句意是,那些被支持核电的人所提到优点。A选项“完全站不住脚”;B选项“被证明是有道理的”;C选项“被完全证明了”;D选项“还需要接受验证”。B,C选项意思相同,固而可以排除。定位到最后一段:Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.(那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三个支持核能的新论点……,没有一个(论点)经受了最近的检验),这里可知答案选D,因为还没有检验过所以并不知道这些论点站不站得住脚。所以选项A排除。

9.单选题

Itis()toexpectanadultreactionfromachild.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.effective

C.irrational

D.farcical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的,预期的”;B选项effective“有效的,实际的”;C选项irrational“不合理的”;D选项farcical“滑稽的,闹剧的,引人发笑的”。句意:指望一个孩子做出成年人的反应是不合理的。由选项意思和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

10.单选题

AmidthenationwidefurorovertheSenatedrafthealth-carebill,apublic-healthvictoryhasgonemostlyunnoticed.AccordingtoanewreportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theestimatednumberofmiddleandhighschoolstudentswhoaretobaccousersdroppedfrom4.7millionin2015to3.9millionin2016.Thiswaslargelydrivenbyareductioninthenumberofteenagersusinge-cigarettes,whicharelessharmfulthanregularcigarettesbutstillcontainnicotine.Thedownturnisasuccessforadvocatesandofficialswhohaveworkedtocurbteentobaccouse—butitshouldnotbeheraldedastheendoftheroad.

Teenagesmokinghaslongbeenoneofthemostseriouspublichealthissues.SmokingistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates,and9in10Americansmokershadtheirfirsttasteoftobaccobeforetheageof18,althoughpoliciestocurbteensmokingshowedsignsofsuccessforatime,youthtobaccoratesremainedstagnantbetween2011and2015.Duringthisperiod,theuseofe-cigarettesamonghighschoolstudentsincreasedbyastaggering900percent.

Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.Stateshaveruntargetedmediacampaignsthatworkalongsidefederalefforts,suchastheFoodandDrugAdministration’s“RealCost”campaignandtheCDC’s“TipsfromFormerSmokers”.TheCDCreportsuggeststhatatleastsomeofthesestrategieshavebeeneffective.

Butthereportalsohighlightschallengesthatlieahead.Millionsofteenagersacrossthecountryarestillusingtobaccoinsomeform,andtheintroductionofnewtobaccoproductscoulddriveuprates.Therearealsosignificantdisparitiesamongstatesandcommunities:Rural,low-income,andlesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgenderyouthareparticularlyatriskduetotargetedmarketingandpolicyvariationbetweendifferentjurisdictions.ThismakesfederalregulationbytheFDAallthemoreimportant.

TheFDA,however,hasdelayedtheenforcementofnewregulationsone-cigarettesandcigars.Delaysarecommonplaceinnewadministrations,butitisimportantthattheagencytakeupthesestricterstandardsafterthethree-monthpostponement.Itwouldbeapityiftheselong-awaitedsignsofprogresswereundercutbecausetheFDAdeclinedtodoitsjob.

5.AccordingtoareportbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,teenagesmoking().

6.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthereasonforthedropofteenagesmoking?

7.Whoshouldshouldermoreresponsibilityforcurbingteensmokingintheauthor’seye?

8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethetext?

问题1选项

A.decreasedslightlybetween2015and2016

B.mainlytookplaceinelementaryschools

C.recentlyexperiencedagorgeousreduction

D.waslargelyconnectedwithdeathrate

问题2选项

A.TheAmericanSenatepassedahealth-carebilltocurbteensmoking.

B.Thegovernmentissuedvariouslawsandpoliciestocontroltobaccouse.

C.Theadvocatesandofficialshaveworkedhardtorestrainsmoking.

D.Theteenagersaremoreawareofthedeath-causingresultfromsmoking.

问题3选项

A.Thesecondaryschoolswherestudentsattendtheclasses.

B.TheCDCwhichproducedthereportonteenagesmoking.

C.Thesocialmediaorganizingcampaignsagainstteensmoking.

D.TheFDAmakingfederalregulationonbanningtobaccouse.

问题4选项

A.Adeclineinteensmoking—TheFDA’Sdelaycouldweakenthatprogress

B.Apubic-heathvictory—TheCDC’steensmokingreportdisplayedahope

C.Animportantdifference—Thestatesandcommunitiesfacedteensmokingchallenge

D.Aseriouspublic-healthissue—Thegovernmenttookbothrisksandopportunities

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“report”可以定位到第一段第二句AccordingtoanewreportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theestimatednumberofmiddleandhighschoolstudentswhoaretobaccousersdroppedfrom4.7millionin2015to3.9millionin2016.(根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的一份最新报告显示,美国吸烟的中学生数量从2015年的470万下降到了2016年的390万。),说明美国吸烟的青少年减少了。因此C选项“最近经历了一次可喜的下降”正确。A选项“在2015至2016年间稍微下降”,由原文可知,从2015到2016年中学生吸烟数量下降了80万,不是小幅度下降,所以A错误。B选项“主要发生在小学”,与原文的middleandhighschoolstudents(初中和高中学生)不符,所以B错误。D选项“很大程度上与死亡率有关”在文中没有提及,所以D错误。

6.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.(考虑到这些数据,最近青少年吸烟和电子烟使用的减少是一个令人鼓舞的信号,表明干预措施可能正在起作用。很难确定其中的因果关系,但专家将其归因于联邦、州和地方政府一系列旨在劝阻年轻人吸烟的政策,比如提高烟草税,将反吸烟法令扩大到电子烟和其他新产品。),说明青少年吸烟率下降的原因是一系列旨在劝阻年轻人使用烟草的联邦、州和地方出台的政策。因此B选项“政府发布了各种各样的法律和政策来控制烟草的使用”正确。A选项“美国参议院通过了一项医疗法案来控制青少年吸烟”,由文章第一段第一句AmidthenationwidefurorovertheSenatedra

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