中药专业英语完全版

中国药科大学2009届中药学院专业英语期末整理ByYLJL友情赞助：马志鑫绪论healthcare卫生健康Chinesetraditionalmedicinalherbs中草药incitingside-effects明显的副作用gobacktothenature回归自然themodernizationofChineseMateriaMedica(CMM)中药现代化Surveys调查specialprojects专项调查scientificidentification科学鉴定chemicalconstituents化学成分pharmacologicalexperiments药理实验clinicalapplications临床适应性monographs各论、专论manuals手册Pharmacopoeia药典therapeuticalefficacy疗效黄花蒿(Artemisiaannua)，青蒿(Artemisiaapiacea)chloroquineresistantmalaria/抗氯喹宁疟疾Pernicious(有害的)malaria/恶性疟疾cerebral(大脑的,脑的)malaria/脑疟疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹宁harringtonine三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine高三尖杉酯碱extractedfrom提取leukemia白血病malignantlymphoma恶性淋巴瘤ginkgetin银杏黄酮criteria标准revise修正，校订systematicstudies系统研究revising修订impactn.冲击，碰撞era时代publichealthcare公共健康事业basicresearches基础研究production生产marketing流通research研究Identificationofspecies/品种鉴定identifying鉴别clarifying澄清，阐明confusedvarieties易混淆的变种falsematters伪品Qualitycontrolandevaluation/质量的控制和评价intensive加强的，透彻的contents=components,constituentswithgreatcare:小心翼翼地habitat:产地qualitativeandquantitativeanalysis定性定量分析Themethodsofresearch研究方法biotechnology生物技术molecularbiology分子生物学remedy:n.药物，治疗法，赔偿，v.补救，矫正modernscientificmethodologies现代科学方法exploringnewresources开发新的资源re-productingresources可持续性利用资源TERMINOLOGY部分要求的词汇中药TraditionalChineseMedicines中药材ChineseMateriaMedica(CMM)TraditionalChineseMedicinalMaterialsChineseCrudeDrugs中草药TraditionalChineseMedicinalHerbsChineseHerbalMedicines药用植物学MedicinalPlants民间药物FolkloreMedicamentsFolkHerbsIndigenousDrugs中成药TraditionalChinesePatentMedicines中药制剂ChineseMedicinalPreparations药用植物学PharmaceuticalBotany生药学Pharmacognosy药用植物分类学PharmaceuticalPlantTaxonomy植物化学Phytochemistry植物化学分类学PlantChemotaxonomy药用植物志FloraofMedicinalPlants中药药剂学TraditionalChinesePharmaceutics中药炮制学ScienceofProcessingChineseCrudeDrugs显微生药学MicroscopicalPharmacognosy本草学herbals药典pharmacopoeia细胞cell细胞壁cellwall初生壁primarywall次生壁secondarywall细胞核nucleus质体plastid叶绿体chloroplast染色体chromoplast纹孔pit结晶体crystal淀粉粒starchgranule(grain)脐点hilum(pi.hila)层纹striation单粒singlestarchgranule复粒compoundstarchgranule半复粒semi-compoundstarchgranule蛋白质protein脂类化合物lipid挥发油volatileoil苷glycoside生物碱alkaloid皂苷saponin萜terpene三萜皂苷triterpenoid黄铜flavonoid蒽醌anthraquinone酚phenol香豆素coumarin鞣质rannin氨基酸aminoacid菊糖inuli草酸钙结晶calciumcxalatecrystal簇晶clusrercrystal(cluster,druse)针晶acicularcrystal(needle)Parenchyma薄壁组织Parenchymatouscell包庇细胞Epidermaltissue表皮组织Epidermis表皮Cuticle角质层stoma(pl.stomata)气孔guardcell保卫细胞subsidiarycell副卫细胞非腺毛non-glandularhair腺毛glandularhair腺鳞glandularscale周皮periderm木栓层cork木栓形成层corkcambium(phellogen)栓内层phelloderm皮层cortex皮孔lenticel形成层cambium次生木质部secondaryxylem次生韧皮部secondaryphloem分泌组织secretorytissue树脂道resincanal厚角组织collenchyma纤维fibre(fiber)韧皮纤维phloemfibre木纤维xylemfibre晶鞘纤维crystalfibre层纹striation木化lignified增厚thickening增厚细胞壁thickenedwall导管vessel网纹导管reticulatedvessel具缘纹孔导管borderedpittedvessel筛管sievetube维管束vascularbundle外韧维管束collateralbundle异性维管束abnormalvascularbundle形成层成环cambiumring主根main(tap)root定根normalroot须根fibrousroot不定根adventitiousroot细根rootler初生构造primarystructure次生构造secondarystructure皮层cortex中柱鞘pericycle初生木质部primaryxylem髓部pith射线ray木栓层cork植物phyta科aceae丹参Pubescent软毛Stem4-angled茎4棱Angled棱Leavesopposite叶对生Verticillate轮生pseudo-假的Racemes总状花序stamens雄蕊Gynobasic着生于基部的Nutlets坚果Ellipsoid椭圆形Vermillion朱红色serrate锯齿状的Retuse浅凹形Falcate钩状的Filament花丝Style花柱Anther花粉囊fragile:脆的astringent:收敛性的ferricchloride:三氯化铁TS：testsolutiondull:暗的cortex:栓皮，皮层phelloderm:栓内层astopperedtesttube:具塞试管standfor：静置residue:残渣referencedrug:对照药材CRS：ChemicalReferenceStandard何首乌perennial多年生的twining缠绕的plump丰满的;胖嘟嘟的herbaceous草质的petiole叶柄blade叶片cordate心形的glabrous无毛的，光滑的ocrea托叶鞘membranous膜质的terminal:顶生axillary：腋生panicles:圆锥花序perianth['peri缶n。]:花被achene[‘ki:n]:瘦果lenticel-likeprotrusions:皮孑L样凸起Texture:质地fracture:折断面abnormalvascularbundles:异性维管束brocaded：织成锦缎的starchy:粉性的viscous:粘性的horny:角质样横断面:transverseelongated横切面：transversesection纵切面：longitudinalsectionCork木栓层Phloem韧皮部Abnormalvascularbundles异型维管束Cambium形成层Xylem木质部pittedvessel:纹孔导管reticulatedvessel:网纹导管scalariformvessel:梯纹导管spiralvessel：螺纹导管stellate:星形的ellipti甘草harmonize:调和mollify:缓和removedfrom提出ventilateddryplace通风干燥处preservedin保存在sunnedto晒至branchlets小枝eliminatingvarioustoxicities.消除各种毒素pubescences:软毛，绒毛，到达青春期；stipulesdeciduous.托叶每年落叶的glandular:腺体的pinnately:羽状的racemes:总状花序stamens:雄蕊Calyx花萼ovary子房corolla花冠style花柱Legume荚果Prickly多刺的calcareousglasslands:钙质草原Ventilated通风的Bales大包，捆Furrows沟纹Sparse稀疏的cleft：裂隙budscars芽痕pith髓lignifiedfibres木化纤维甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)为甘草酸(glycyrrhizicacid)的钾、钙盐。Glycyrrhizicacid甘草酸Glycyamarin甘草苦苷catonic:滋补剂，补药racemes:总状花序calyx：花萼campanulate:钟状的corolla:花冠standard:旗瓣wing：翼瓣keel：龙骨瓣diadelphous:二体雄蕊stalked:柄furrow:皱纹cork:木栓层exfoliate:脱落cortex:皮咅卩reticulate:网状的tenacious:粘性的striation:纹理fissure:裂隙phelloderm栓内层collenchymatouscells厚角细胞sievetubegroups筛管群parenchymatouscells薄壁细胞lignified木质化primarywalls:初生壁tassel:穗borderedpittedvessels:具缘纹孔导管formononetin，芒柄花黄素3'-hydroxyformonontin(calycosin),毛蕊异黄酮l:椭圆的六味地黄丸pulverize研磨refinedhoney炼蜜sift：评审，过筛makepills:泛丸cleft：裂缝hyphae:菌丝epidermal:表皮的pericarp:果皮beadedanticlinalwalls垂周壁念珠状增厚kieselguhr:硅藻土triturate:研匀paeonol:丹皮酚cyclohexane:环己烷ferricchloride:三氯化铁hydrochloricacid：盐酸distil:蒸馏distillate蒸馏液volumetricflask:容量瓶spectrophotometry:分光光度法grindinto磨合petroleum石油醚decant倾倒absoluteethanol-chloroform无水乙醇-氯仿adhesiveplaster胶布disintegrate/溶解；grind/成粉末；Soxhelt'sextractor/索氏提取器macerate:浸软deant:倒出absoluteethanol:无水乙醇ursolicacid:熊果酸formicacid:甲酸integrationvalues:吸光度值starchgranules淀粉粒shortcleft短缝状V-shaped人字形chloralhydratesolution水合氯醛液parenchyma皱缩thinlayerchromalographicscanning薄层扫描与中药有关的中英文名词:中药/TraditionalChineseMedicines(TCM)中药材/ChinesemateriaMedica(CMM)草药/HerbalMedicines中草药/TraditionalChineseMedicinalHerbs民间药/FolkloreMedicaments中成药/TraditionalChinesePatentMedicines性状常用词汇：根root须根fibrousroots侧根rootlets根头rootstock根冠rootcap根毛roothairs主根mainroot，principalroot支根branchroot气生根aerialroot水生根waterroot寄生根parasiticroot圆锥状conical圆柱状cylindrical纺锤状fusiform块状tuberous残基remainsof根茎rhizome鳞茎bulbs球茎corms块茎tubers走茎runner,stolon去皮的peeled未去皮的unpeeled完整的whole块片状的sliced茎痕stemscars根痕rootscars与植物形态组织有关的术语茎stem芽buds木wood心材heartwood边材sapwood年轮annualrings假年轮falseannualrings纹理(木材)striation(s),line(s)辐射状排列showingaradiatearrangement髓medulla枝条ramulus切面观insection折断面fracture横切面transversesection纵切面longitudinalsection表面观surfaceview质坚硬texturehard质松脆laxandfragile,short不平坦uneven易折断的easilybroken易弯曲的flexible角质样的horny粉质的mealy,starchy粘性的viscous星点starspots外表external(ly+adj.)包围,围绕surroundedwith基部连生accretedatbase无柄或具短柄sessileorshortpetioled絮状毛茸flockyhairs脂肪光泽fattyluster微有光泽somewhatlustrous半透明的translucent裂缝cracks皱缩wrinkles环纹annulations较relatively+adj.近、类sub-近三角形subtriangular类圆形subrounded类多角形subpolygonal近方形subsquare斜方形rhombic新月形crescent味淡weak气微slight类白色almostwhite淡棕红色palebrownish-red芳香的aromatic辛辣的pungent深色dark,deep炮制常用词汇打碎：breaktopieces洗净泥土:wash或washclean霉:mould蛀：moth沸水中略烫：treatedwithboilingwaterforamoment除去杂质：eliminateforeignmatter在开水中煮十分钟：boilinwaterfortenminutes.防曝晒:protectedfromexposuretostrongsunlight.润透：soften(thoroughly)或moisten(thoroughly).至颜色变深：untiladeepcolourisproduced.晾干：dryintheair阴干：dryintheshade晒干：dryinthesun4.中成药名称水丸wateredpills蜜丸honeyedpills大蜜丸bighoneyedpills水蜜丸water-honeyedpills素片uncoatedtablets小蜜丸smallhoneyedpills浓缩丸concentratedpills糊丸pastedpills腊丸waxedpills浓缩蜜丸concentratedhoneyedpills浓缩水丸concentratedwateredpills浓缩水蜜丸concentratedwater-honeyedpillsSpectrometry光谱测定方法dectromagneticSpectrum或者electromagneticspectrum电磁谱electromagneticspectrum电磁谱spectrum光谱，波谱，谱spectra（复数）spectral光谱的spectroscopy光谱学,光谱研究spectroscopic分光镜的spectroscope分光器，分光镜Spectrometer光谱仪Infrared红外visiblelight可见光Wavenumbers波数（beinversely）Proportionaltoenergy能量成正（反）比Redlight红外线low-energy（high-energy）end低（高）能量的末端violetlight紫射线nanometers（nm）纳米deci（分）centi（厘）milli（毫）micro（微）nano（纳）ultraviolet（UV）spectrum紫外谱conjugateddiene共轭二烯absorptionmaxima最大吸收峰UVspectra紫外光谱absorptionpeak吸收峰Wavelength波长absorbanceA吸收值Aconcentrationinsolution溶液的浓度pathlength厚度correct矫正，纠正molarabsorptivity摩尔吸收系数spectroscopicdata波谱数据literaturereference(literaturecitation)参考文献structuralinformation结构信息cm-1：centimetertothepowerminusonechromophores发色团(复数形式)dienes二烯aromatis芳香集团polyenes多烯conjugatedketones共轭铜infrared(ir)spectroscopy:红外光谱structuredetermination:结构鉴定organiccompounds:有机化合物unknowncompound:未知化合物spectroscopicmethods:光谱(仪器)方法functionalgroups:官能团molecule:分子molecular:分子的molecularweight(M.W.)分子量Infraredradiation:红外辐射electromagneticspectrum:电磁波光谱Microwaves:微波wavenumber:波数micrometer(pm):微米reciprocalcentimeters(cm-1):厘米的倒数electromagneticradiation电磁波辐射vibrationalenergystates振动能级状态Photon光子lowestvibrationalstate最低的振动能级状态groundvibrationalstate:基态stretchingmodes：伸缩振动bendingmodes:弯曲振动methylene亚甲基Fingerprints指纹，指印Snowflakes雪花superposability:相似性，重合superposable:可重合的，可叠合的，可置于上面的hexane:己烷absorptionpeaks:吸收峰varyshapeandintensity:多种形状和强度dueto由……引起carbon-hydrogenstretchingvibrations:碳-氢伸缩振动bendingvibrations:弯曲振动physicalstate:物理状态solid，liquid，gas：固、液、气neatsample:纯样品sodiumchloride：氯化钠disk:片，圆板，圆盘，圆盘状物thinfilm：薄膜carbontetrachloride:四氯化碳chloroform:氯仿potassiumbromide:溴化钾thinwafer:薄片structuredetermination:结构鉴定vibrationscharacteristic:振动特征functionalgroups:官能团fingerprintregion:指纹区patternofpeaks:峰形frequencies:频率wavenumbers:波数organiccompounds:有机化合物vibration振动vibrationrotation振动-转动Massspectrometry:质谱spectrometryn.［物］光谱测定法,度谱术spectrometricadj.［物］光谱测定的,分光仪的,光谱仪的spectrometern.［物］分光计Molecule分子bombarded轰击high-energyelectrons高能量电子electron-volts电子伏特collideswith碰撞Molecule分子anion阴离子negatively带负电荷electron电子cationradical正离子ionize:vt.使离子化，vi.电离ionizationn.离子化,电离electronimpact电子轰击molecularion分子离子fragmention碎片离子positivelycharged带正电荷oddnumberofelectrons奇数电子,不成对电odd:奇数even：偶数mass：n.质量,块,大多数,大量molecularion:分子离子dissociating：裂解，分离，游离fragments：n.碎片,断片,片段fragmentaladj.破片的,断片的fragmentationn.分裂,破碎cationradical：正离子neutralfragment：中性碎片positivelychargedone：正离子，带正电荷fragmentations:断裂，分裂，破碎Ionizationandfragmentation:电离和裂解particle:粒子electron-impactmassspectrometer:电子轰击质谱分光仪bombardedwith:轰击molecularion:分子离子fragmentions:碎片离子analyzertube:分析器magnet:n.磁体,磁铁,磁场magnetic:adj.磁的,有磁性的,有吸引力的magnetically:adv.有磁力地,有魅力地deflectsv.（使）偏斜,（使）偏转deflectfrom使...从...偏斜,使...从...转变方向deflected:偏离的originaltrajectory:起始轨道original：adj.最初的,原始的,独创的,新颖的n.原物,原作trajectory：n.［物］（射线的）轨道,弹道,轨线circularpath：环形轨迹radius：n.半径,范围,辐射光线,有效航程,mass/chargeratio（m/z）:质量/电荷比，质/荷比magneticfieldstrength：磁场强度analyzer:分析仪，分析器narrowslit:狭缝detector:检测器scan:扫描positiveions:正离子massspectrum:质谱图computerizeddatahandlingsystems:计算机数据处理系统bargraphs：棒状图barn.条,棒,横木栅,障碍物vt.禁止,阻挡,graph:n.图表,曲线图relativeintensity:相对丰度benzene:苯shielding:屏蔽proton:n.［核］质子chemicalshifts:化学位移standardsubstance:标准物质tetramethylsilane（CH3）4Si，TMS）：四甲基硅烷coincideswith：与…致，与...相符frequency:频率hertz:n.赫，赫兹（频率单位：周/秒）；（Hz）赫兹downfield:低场magneticfieldstrength:磁场强度60-MHz:60兆周nmrspectrum:核磁共振光谱chloroform(CHC13):氯仿signalduetotheproton:氢信号downfieldfrom:比…低场chemicalshifts©)：化学位移partspermillion(ppm):百万分之几chemicalshiftfortheproton:氢化学位移Nuclearmagneticresonancespectra:核磁共振光谱nuclearmagneticresonance:核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy:核磁共振(光谱)分析partspermillion(ppm):百万分之几zeropoint:零点fieldstrength:场强度nmrspectrometer:核磁共振仪nuclearspin:核自旋nuclear：adj.［核］核子的,原子能的,核的,中心的nuclearresonance:核共振irrespectiveof：adj.不顾的,不考虑的,无关magneticfieldstrength:磁场强度signalduetotheproton:氢信号carbon:碳hydrogen:氢oxygen:氧nitrogen:氮splitting:裂分nmrspectra:核磁共振谱structuredetermination：结构鉴定ethylgroup:乙基nmrspectrum:核磁共振光谱ethylbromide:溴乙烷ethyl:n.［化］乙基,乙烷基bromide:n.［化］溴化物bromidechloride:一氯化溴electronegativeatomorgroup电负性的原子或基团electronegative:adj.负电的,带负电的bromine:溴ethylbromide:溴乙烷triplet-quartetpattern：三重-四重峰系统triplet：n.三重峰,三个一组,三份quartet:n.四重峰,四重奏,四重唱methylene:亚甲基methyl：甲基couplingwith:与…偶合coupling:n.联结,接合,耦合vicinalcoupling:邻位偶合adjacent：adj.邻近的,接近的carbonn.［化］碳（元素符号C）,（一张）复写纸carbonpaper复写纸Magneticresonancespectroscopy核磁共振谱Nuclein.［nucleus的复数］核心、中心细胞核nuclear［核］核子的,原子能的,核的，中心的isotopen.［化］同位素isotopicadj.同位素的nuclearspins：核自旋skeletonn.骨架,骨骼,基干,纲要,万能钥匙substituentn.取代adj.取代的substituten.代用品,代替者,替代品v.代替,替换,替代substituteAforB用A替Bsubstituted取代的,代替的substitutedaromatic取代的芳香化合物substitutedbenzene取代苯苯的同系物structuredetermination结构鉴定isotopicformofcarbon碳的同位素nuclearspin核自旋sensitivity灵敏度nmrspectrometer核磁共振仪Tunevt.调音,调整,拨收,收听n.曲调,调子,和谐,合调13Cmagneticresonance13C核磁共振backgroundnoise背景噪音13Cnmr(cmr)spectroscopy13C核磁共振谱routinetechnique常规技术organicstructuredetermination有机结构鉴定nmrspectrometers核磁共振仪sensitivity-enhancing提高灵敏度strategyn./r/