2017-2018学年人教版英语必修一教案Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero

Ⅰ.核心必记单词1.activeadj.积极的；活跃的→activityn.活动2.devotevt.献身；专心于→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的3.peacefuladj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacen.和平4.votevt.&vi.投票；选举；n.投票；选票；表决5.attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击6.equaladj.相等的；平等的→equalityn.同等；平等7.willingadj.乐意的；自愿的8.escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；(气体、液体等)泄漏9.rewardn.报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewardingadj.值得的；有报酬的10.opinionn.意见；看法；主张Ⅱ.阅读识记单词11.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的12.selfn.自我；自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的；忘我的→selflesslyadv.无私地；忘我地13.foundvt.建立；建设14.guidancen.指导；领导→guidev.指导；指示；n.导游；指导者15.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→illegaladj.非法的16.violencen.暴力；暴行→violentadj.暴力的17.educatevt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→educationn.教育18.relativen.亲戚；亲属19.sentencevt.判决；宣判20.presidentn.总统；会长；校长；行长语境活用[用所给词的正确形式填空]1.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(reward)partsofourlives.(2016·四川)2.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.(educate)(2017·江苏)3.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretooviolent(violence)foruseatthetable.(2016·全国Ⅲ)4.Behavinginthisselfless(self)anddevoted(devote)manner，theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears.5.I’vealwayslookedtomyfatherforguidance(guide)inthesematters.6.Womenhaveyettoachievefullequality(equal)withmenintheworkplace.7.Shehopedthedifferentethnicgroupsintheareacouldlivetogetherinpeaceful(peace)co­existence.8.Itisillegal(legal)toselltobaccotosomeoneunder16.1.“教育”词汇一览(1)educatev.教育；训练(2)trainv.训练(3)instructv.指导(4)drillv.训练；操练(5)coachv.训练；指导2.“校长”多重表达(1)headmastern.校长(2)principaln.校长(3)presidentn.校长；董事长3.后缀­ance高频名词大集合(1)guidancen.指导；领导(2)performancen.表演；履行(3)appearancen.外表；出现(4)assistancen.帮助(5)significancen.重要；重要性4.“人物性格特点”的反义形容词对(1)mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的(2)selfish自私的→selfless无私的(3)inferior自卑的→confident自信的1.outofwork失业2.asamatteroffact/infact事实上3.blowup使充气；爆炸4.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5.turnto求助于；致力于6.loseheart丧失勇气或信心7etopower当权；上台8.setup设立；建立；搭起9.besentencedto被判处……(徒刑)10.inone’sopinion在某人看来语境活用[用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空]1.“Who，inyouropinion，isthebestfootballplayerintheworldtoday？”askedTom.2.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.(2015·全国Ⅱ)3.Hefailedmanytimes，buthedidnotloseheart.4.WhenIamindifficulty，Ialwaysturntohimforhelp.5.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.(2015·湖南)6.Heopenedasmallshopofhisownafterhewasoutofwork.1.lose习语归纳(1)loseheart丧失信心(2)loseface丢脸(3)losecontrol失去控制(4)losetouch失去联系(5)loseoneself失去自我2.“outof＋n.”短语小结(1)outofwork失业(2)outofmind心不在焉(3)outofsight看不见(4)outoforder有毛病；出故障(5)outofbreath上气不接下气1.不定式作定语HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。2.where引导定语从句...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.……直到今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。3.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首引起的倒装...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。4.thefirsttime引导时间状语从句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。句式仿写1.张衡是世界上发明地震仪的第一人。(2016·北京)ZhangHengwasthefirstmantoinventtheseismograph.2.我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。(2016·北京)Wehavereachedastagewherewemuststarttakingeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentsoastosaveourselves.3.只有父母和孩子都改变态度，这种不利局面才能改善。(2016·上海)Onlywhenbothparentsandchildrenchangetheirattitudescanthisunfavorablesituationbeimproved.4.我还记得上次你来我们学校参观时，你向我展示了关于那个主题的一些照片。(2016·全国Ⅱ)Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethelasttimeyouvisitedourschool.devotevt.献身于；致力于；专心致志于；把……用于拓展词：devotedadj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的devotionn.奉献；关照；忠诚devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……的devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于bedevotedto致力于；献身于；热爱……(1)Heisadevoted(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.他是一位慈爱的父亲，因为他对女儿很严格，在她遇到困难时鼓励她。(2017·天津)(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性时，我们才能致力于建设一个和谐社会。[句式升级](3)Hedevotedhimselftomunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftomunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②Devotedtomunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)votev.投票，选举，表决；提议n.选票；投票；表决(1)votesb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务；表决为某人提供某物votefor投票赞成voteagainst投票反对voteon就……投票表决(2)putsth.tothevote把某事交付表决(1)SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”petition.苏华受叔叔的邀请投票支持参加《未来歌手》比赛的表弟。(2016·江苏)(2)Fearingthatmostofthecitizensvotedagainsthim，heworeasmile.由于担心大多数市民投票反对他，他一直面带微笑。(3)Wehadnochoicebuttoputittothevote.我们别无选择，只好投票表决。equaladj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上拓展词：equallyadv.相等地；同样地equalityn.平等beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比(1)Leavingasidethebirthrateissue，India’seconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountryachievesequality(equal)ofeducationalopportunity.撇开出生率问题，印度经济在国家实现教育机会均等的时候可能会腾飞。(2017·江苏)(2)HeisequaltoTominability.在能力方面他与汤姆不相上下。(3)Infact，whenitestotheartofwar，antshavenoequal/arewithoutequal.事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。(2015·安徽)[联想发散]表示“胜任……”的其他短语：befitfor，beupto，bequalifiedfor，beadequatetoescapev.逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；漏出拓展词：escapedadj.逃跑了的[写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思](1)I’msorry，butyournameescapesme.被遗忘；被忽略(2)Howwillweknowifthere’sanygasescaping？流出；泄漏(3)Thecinemaallowedpeopletoescapefromthedepressingrealitiesoftheirlives.逃避(4)Threepeoplediedinthefire，butJohnescapedthroughthebedroomwindow.逃脱(1)escapefrom从……逃脱；逃避……escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事(2)anarrowescape九死一生[一句多译](5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。①Youareluckytoescapepunishment.②Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.[易错点拨]注意下面两个短语的区别：escapefromprison越狱；escapeprison逃过牢狱之灾rewardv.酬谢；奖励，奖赏n.奖金；回报；报酬拓展词：rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有意义的(1)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物奖赏/回报某人(2)inrewardfor为奖赏……；为报答……asarewardfor作为对……的奖赏/回报(1)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。(2016·北京)(2)I’dliketodosomethinginrewardforherkindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。(3)OurtriptotheYukonwasaveryrewarding(reward)experience.我们的育空之行是一次非常有益的经历。[词义辨析]reward，award，prize(1)reward作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词时则表示“奖励，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语。(2)award作名词指“奖品，奖金等”；作动词表示“授予，给予；判给”，可以跟双宾语，awardsb.sth.把某物授予/判给某人。(3)prize只能作名词，表示“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。eq\x(turnto转身；求助于；致力于；翻到；转向；开始从事；查阅)[写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思](1)Atlast，Iwillbeonmyown，butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.(2016·全国Ⅲ)求助于(2)Itistimeheturnedhismindtomoreseriousproblems.转向(3)Let’sturntomoreimportantmattersnow.开始考虑；开始讨论(4)Don’talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyouetoanewword.查阅eq\x(loseheart灰心；泄气；丧失信心)loseone’sheartto爱上；喜欢上oone’sheart使……刻骨铭心byheart凭记忆；能背诵heartandsoul全心全意地eat/tearone’sheartout为某事暗自伤神；忧伤(1)Weshouldnotloseheartinfaceofdifficulties.Ifweworkhard，wewillfindawayout.我们不应在困难面前丧失信心。只要我们努力，就会找到出路。(2016·天津)(2)Thechildrencanrepeatthepoemthey’vejustlearntbyheart.这些孩子能背诵他们刚学过的诗歌。HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。eq\x(句型：不定式作定语)(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及theonly，thevery修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(2)toe将来的；tospare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(3)一些特定名词，如ability，chance，ambition，right，way，reason，time，effort后，常跟不定式作定语。(4)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。(1)Ourfootballteamwasthefirsttoreachthefinals.我们的足球队率先进入了决赛(finals)。(2)Icaughtthebuswithonlyafewsecondstospare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了公交车。(3)Atpresent，Ihaveafortablehousetolivein.目前，我有一所舒适的房子住。[一句多译](4)我记下了需要背诵的短语。①Imadenotesofthephrasestobememorized.②Imadenotesofthephrasesthatneededtobememorized/memorizing....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。eq\x(句型：“only＋状语从句”置于句首引起的倒装)eq\x(“only＋副词、介词短语、状语从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。)(1)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。(2015·天津)(2)Onlywithallyourtimeandenergycanyoudothisjobwell.只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。[易错点拨](1)“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。(3)Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.只有知道密码的人才能读懂这则信息。(2016·全国Ⅰ)IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。eq\x(句型：thefirsttime引导时间状语从句)引导时间状语从句的(名词)短语和副词还有：(1)each/everytime每次……的时候nexttime下次……时anytime任何时候lasttime上次……时bythetime到……为止(2)themoment，theminute，thesecond，theinstant，immediately，instantly，directly，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...一……就……(1)ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim，helookedabitnervous.我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。(2)Themomentyougetontheairplane，startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination’stime.你一上飞机就应该把自己的生物钟加以调节，以适应目的地的时间。(2015·重庆)[易错点拨]forthefirsttime是介词短语，在句中只能作状语，不能用来引导时间状语从句。(3)Naturally，youwerenervouswhenyouwentontheplatformforthefirsttime.你第一次站在讲台上时感到紧张这是很自然的。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Itdoesseriousharmtochildren’scharacterthattoomuchviolence(violent)isshownonTV.2.Encouragedbymyteacher，Iamveryhopeful(hope)aboutmyfuture.3.Devoted(devote)tohisresearch，hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.4.Pleasedon’thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroublewithyourstudy.5.Hewascrossingthestreetwhenamanwasdrivingfasttowardshimandhenarrowlyescapedbeingkilled(kill).6.TheVoiceofChinahassetupastagewheresomepeoplecanrealizetheirdreams.7.Youcan’timaginethetroubleIhadpersuading(persuade)himtochangehismind.8.Iamthefirsttoarrive(arrive)，andsheisthesecond.9.Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.10.Theoldtemplehasseen(see)greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteamtheydidn’tlosetheirheart.2.eq\f(Devoted,Devoting)herselftothedeafchildren，theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.3.Thechildrenweresoexcitedtobetakenaboardeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(for))thefirsttime.4.Itwasgenerouseq\f(for,of)himtopayforusboththatday.5.Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedeq\f(to,with)asmile.6.Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstoeq\f(help,helping)thedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.7.Thiswasatimeeq\f(which,when)therewerenoradios，notelephonesornoTVsets.8.Itshockedhertohearthathergoodfriendeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(was))attackedwithcancer.Ⅲ.教材与语法填空Elias，apoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica，saidthatthetime1.whenhefirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofhislife.In1952，hewenttoseeMandela,2.ablacklawyer，foradvice.Mandelawasgenerouswithhistime，forwhichEliaswasverygrateful.Eliasbeganschoolatsix，buthehadtoleaveschooltwoyearslater3.becausehisfamilycouldn’taffordtheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Asaresult，hehadverylittle4.education(educate).Aftertryinghard，hegotajobinagoldmine.However,5.tolive(live)inJohannesburg，onehadgottohaveapassbook.Nothavingonebecausehewasnotbornthere，heworriedabout6.whetherhewouldbeeoutofwork.ThenMandelahelpedhim，tellinghimhowtogetthecorrect7.papers(paper)tostayinJohannesburg.HebecamemorehopefulabouthisfutureandlaterjoinedtheANCYouthLeague8.organized(organize)byMandela.JustasMandelaputit，theblackswereso9.badly(bad)treatedthattheyhadreachedastagewheretheyhadalmostnorightsatall.In1963，EliashelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Heknewthatonlybyansweringviolencewithviolencecouldtheyachievetheirdreamof10.making(make)blackandwhitepeopleequal.Ⅳ.教材与短文改错THERESTOFELIAS’STORYYoucannotimaginewhatthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromwherenooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgetthereNelsonMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadfewlearning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningwhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindmakecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyformydegreeandIwasnotallowedtodothat.Later，MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoininus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotcleverthanme，buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoIknewIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodaboutme.答案THERESTOFELIAS’STORYYoucannotimagineeq\f(what,how)thenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromeq\f(where,which)nooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIeq\f(get,got)thereNelsonMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadeq\f(few,little)learning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeq\f(evening,evenings)whenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))makecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.Iwantedtostudyformydegreeeq\f(and,but)Iwasnotallowedtodothat.Later，MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoininus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenoteq\f(clever,cleverer)thanme，buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoIknewIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodabouteq\f(me,myself).Ⅴ.教材与微写作写作素材(关于人物介绍)1.作为律师，我热爱我的工作。2.我相信法律面前人人平等。3.在大家处于困境时，我乐意不计报酬为大家提供帮助。4.事实上，很多人就法律问题向我求助。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用when引导的时间状语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Asalawyer，IamdevotedtomyjobandIbelieveallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.I’mwillingtogiveahandwithoutrewardswhenpeopleareintrouble.Asamatteroffact，alotofpeopleturntomeforlegaladvice.Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·山东郯城二中教学质量监测)ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld’smostfamouschildren’sbooks，TheTaleofPeterRabbit，butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily，butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin，aretiredprofessorfortheUW­MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult，shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays，ballets，filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren’sbookintheworld，whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It’sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways，shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres，whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago，shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”mentedJenniferBlatchleySmith，anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter’sbirth.语篇解读本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。1.WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A.Herlifeandworkexperiences.B.Herspecialtyinanimated(动画)pictures.C.Hersuccessinbeingabotanicalscientist.D.Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。2.Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Disappointed. B.Devoted.C.Motivated. D.Inspired.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比较沮丧的。故选A。3.WhatisBeatrixPotter?A.Abotanistandartist.B.Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C.Awriter，conservationistandfarmer.D.Anartisticdirector.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld’smostfamouschildren’sbooks，TheTaleofPeterRabbit，butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist”，以及倒数第二段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。4.Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A.IncelebrationofPotter’s150thbirthday.B.InhonourofPotter’snewcontributions.C.InpraiseofPotter’sspiritofselflessness.D.InsupportofPotter’sbookpromotions.答案A解析写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago，shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter’sbirth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。B(2018·山西运城期中)Astreesacrossthenorthernareasturngoldanddeepred，youcanfindautumncolorsinparksandwoodlands，inthecities，countryside，andmountains.Peoplearewonderingwhatthesecolorsarefor.Foryears，scientistshaveworkedtounderstandthechangesthathappentotreesintheautumn.Uptonowtherehavebeendifferentexplanationsforwhynaturalselectionmakesautumncolorssowidespread.DrHamiltonfromOxfordUniversityproposedthatbrightautumnleavescontainedamessage：theywarninsectstoleavethemalone.Inautumn，insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllayeggs.Whenthelarvae(幼虫)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.DrHamiltonsuggestedthattreescouldwardofftheseinsectswithpoisons.Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg­layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.DrHamiltonandstudentsturnedthetheoryintoamathematicalmodel，whichshowedthatwarningsignalscouldindeeddrivetheevolution(进化)ofbrightleaves.Itwasafirstattempttoseewhatwasoutthere.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofWisconsingaveaquitedifferentexplanation.“IfyouareuphereinWisconsin，bythetimetheleaveschange，alltheinsectsthatfeedonleavesaregone，”DrHochsaid.Hebelievedthatautumncolorsservedmainlyasprotection.AccordingtoDrHochandhisteam，autumncolorsmightbeabletoprotecttheleavesfromsundamageorfrost(冰冻)injury—inotherwords，theyactuallyactasasunscreentoavoidthedestructiontotheleaves.Besides，autumncolorsmightprotecttheleavesfromwaterloss.Ifthecellsintheleavesbeedry，theconnectionsbetweenthecellswillbeweakenedandleaveswillbreakoff.Althoughtherearedifferentexplanationsaboutautumncolors，ithasreallygiventhemadeeperconcernforthistimeofyear.“Peoplesometimessaythatsciencemakestheworldlessinterestingbyjustexplainingthingsaway，”onefamousbiologistsaid.“Butwithautumnleaves，themoreyouknowaboutthem，themoreamazedyouare.”eq\x(语篇解读本文讲述了秋天树叶变化的秘密。)5.AccordingtoDrHamilton，thereisaconnectionbetween.A.thesizeofleavesandthesurvivalofinsectsB.thesizeofleavesandthebehaviorofinsectsC.thesizeofleavesandthequalityofinsectsD.thesizeofleavesandthenumberofinsects答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inautumn，insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllayeggs.Whenthelarvae(幼虫)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.”可知幼虫以树叶为食，树叶的大小和昆虫的数量有关系。故选D。6.DrHochandhisteamgivetheexplanationthat.A.climatehasaninfluenceonthecoloroftheleavesB.sundamageandfrostinjurydrivetheinsectsawayC.thecolorofautumnleaveshasaprotectivefunctionD.autumncolorsbringgreatdestructiontotheleaves答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段内容可知，秋天树叶的颜色有保护作用。故选C。7.Theunderlinedphrase“wardoff”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.catch B.attractC.ignore D.prevent答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前一句“Whenthelarvae(幼虫)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.”和后一句“Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg­layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.”可知树能阻止有毒的昆虫，画线词的意思是“阻止”，故选D。8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEvolutionofColorfulLeavesB.TheSecrettoAutumnLeaves’ChangesC.TheCharmAutumnColorsD.TheRoleofLeaves’BeingProtection答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知本文叙述的是秋天树叶变化的秘密。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018·江西百所名校联考)AfewdaysagoIattendedagathering,9.whereagirlsharedthatshehadrecently“lost”herwallet(itwasmostlikelystolen).Irememberedthat10.feeling(feel)becauseIhadlostmywalletmanytimesthroughoutmyyoungeryears.Andtwiceit11.wasreturned(return)tome.Idecidedtolabeloneofmysmall12.purses(purse)，whichIactuallyhadwithmethatday，withhername，alongwithsomecashinsideandan13.encouraging(encourage)note.Thetrickwastotrytogetittoher14.secretly(secret)，becauseIdon’tknowherandmaynotseeheragain.Iquicklywenttoanotherarea15.towrite(write)thenote.AndthenIwrotehernameonapieceofpaper