考研考博-英语-内江卫生与健康职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内江卫生与健康职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

HonestyandReputation

AJapaneseproverbofferswisdomforthosewhowouldconsidercheatinganother:thereputationofathousandyearsisdeterminedbytheconductofonehour.Inbusiness,thetreatmentweextendtoothers,whethercustomers,suppliers,orshareholders,comesbacktohelpusortohauntus.

Nestle,aninternationalfoodproductionfirm,madethedecisionin1970tomarketinfantformulainThird-Worldnations.Nestlewasthefirstandonlyinfantformulamanufacturertoenterthesemarkets.WhiletherewasnothingillegalaboutmarketinginfantformulainAfricannations,therewasanissueofhonesty.Inthesecountries,eveninsituationswheremothersaremalnourished,mother’smilkremainspediatricians’preferredmethodofnutritionforseveralreasons:(1)thelackofrefrigerationforunused,cannedformula;(2)thelackofpurewaterformixingpoweredinfantformula;(3)thelackofknowledgeabouttherisksofdilutingthericher-lookingformulatotheconsistencyofmother’smilk;and(4)thelackoffundsforthepurchaseofformulaoncethefreesamplesrunoutandthemother’smilkisnolongerflowing.Nonetheless,Nestle,withoutthedisclosureofthesedrawbacks,enteredThird-Worldnationsandenjoyedgreatsuccessinmarketingformula.However,thepresenceofthefourfactorscausedinfantmortalityratestoskyrocketinthosecountrieswheretheformulawasmarketed.

【答案】诚实和声誉

日本有句谚语给那些想要欺骗别人的人提供了智慧：千年的声誉取决于一时的行为。商业中，我们对待他人的方式，不管是客户、供应商或是股东，都会回头来帮助我们或者是困扰我们。

雀巢公司，一家国际食品生产公司，在1970年决定向第三世界国家销售婴儿配方奶粉。雀巢是第一家也是唯一一家进入这些市场的婴幼儿配方奶粉生产厂商。虽然在非洲国家销售婴儿配方奶粉并不违法，但也存在一个诚信问题。在这些国家，即使在母亲营养不良的情况下，母乳仍然是儿科医生首选的营养方式，原因有以下几个：1）未使用罐装奶粉，缺乏冰箱冷藏；2）缺少纯净水来调配婴儿配方奶粉；3）缺乏相关知识（可能会忽视稀释看起来更浓的配方奶粉，使其达到母乳的稠度的危害）；4）一旦免费的奶粉样品用完，而母乳又缺乏时，购买奶粉的资金就会不足。然而，雀巢在没有披露这些缺陷的情况下，进入了第三世界国家，并在销售配方奶粉方面取得了巨大的成功。然而，这四个因素的存在导致婴儿死亡率在那些销售奶粉的国家快速增长。

2.单选题

Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnically（）toconstructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

问题1选项

A.practical

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.beneficial

【答案】C

【解析】practical现实的,实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示,建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.

问题1选项

A.Providedthatyoucooperatedwithus

B.Providedthatyouwillcooperatewithus

C.Providedthatyouhavecooperatedwithus

D.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If主语+过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/could/might+videdthat意为“假如，设若”。

句意：假如你和我们合作，警察就不会起诉你的。

4.单选题

（

）inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.

问题1选项

A.Thegirl’sbeingeducated

B.Thegirltobeeducated

C.Thegirlbeingeducated

D.Thegirlhavingbeeneducated

【答案】A

【解析】动名词复合结构作主语。题干的中inanatmosphereofsimpleliving作地点状语，what引导表语从句作从句的宾语，题干中是缺主语。B、C、D的主语都是thegirl，句子意思是在单纯环境下接受教育的女孩是父母想要的，但是句子的本意应该是女孩生活在单纯的环境下接受教育是父母想要的，所以答案只能选A。

5.单选题

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

问题1选项

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare“闪耀”；B选项glitter“灿烂”；C选项spark“火花”；D选项flash“闪光”。句意：人们会来看看我们现在有多好，我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

问题1选项

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion“说服”；remedy“补救办法”；encouragement“鼓励”；compromise“妥协”。句意：如果一个人提及到他的弱点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励他的话。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

问题1选项

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。request“请求，需要”；inquiry“探究，调查”；enquiry“询问，询盘”；proposal“提议，建议”。句意：他提出要请一天假以便能够参加他女儿的婚礼。requestfor“要求，对…有请求”，只有A项符合句意。

8.单选题

Theteamreallylooksgoodtonightbecausethecoachhadthem（）everynightthisweek.

问题1选项

A.practicing

B.practice

C.practiced

D.topractice

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。them是practice的施动者，为主动关系。have是使役动词，主动表达的固定搭配为havesbdosth.让某人做某事。句意：这支团队今晚看起来很不错，因为教练让他们这周每天晚上都训练。此处需要使用动词的原型。故选B。

9.单选题

Amajorcharacteristicofparliamentarygovernmentisthefusionofexecutiveandlegislativepowersinonebody.

问题1选项

A.fixing

B.strength

C.union

D.alignment

【答案】C

【解析】句意：议会制政府的一个主要特点是行政权和立法权合二为一。fusion意为融合。fixing固定，加固；strength力量，力气；union联合，联盟，工会；alignment队列，校准，结盟。选项C与之意思相近。

10.单选题

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

问题1选项

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith为固定搭配，意为痴迷于……。

11.单选题

Wearegoingto（）whatwerelearnedsofarbysomerevisionexercisetoday.

问题1选项

A.affirm

B.reinforce

C.consolidate

D.conform

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。affirm“肯定，断言”；reinforce“加强”；consolidate“巩固”；conform“使遵守”。根据whatwelearned“我们所学的”与bysomerevisionexercise“通过一些练习”可知是通过练习来巩固我们所学的内容，因此选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Onceyouhaveaddedupthefiguresinthebudgetplan,youwillhaveto（）incometaxtoarriveatthenetspendingamountavailabletoyou.

问题1选项

A.divide

B.deduct

C.multiply

D.add

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。divide“分开”；deduct“扣除;减去”multiply“乘；使增加”；add“增加”，addto“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把预算计划中的数字加起来，为了得出你可利用的净支出金额，你将不得不加入所得税。D项符合题意。

13.单选题

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（

）theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。complainingof抱怨，埋怨；enteringinto进入；ramblingabout漫步，闲逛，闲聊；turningup调大音量，出现。句意：在老人的弥留之际，他不断闲聊起他童年时在非洲的经历。C项符合句意，答案C

14.单选题

Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we（

）grababiteatthesnackbar.

问题1选项

A.maywell

B.justaswell

C.mightaswell

D.aswell

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然火车一小时后才开，我们不妨去快餐店吃点东西。

固定搭配。mightaswell不妨……，最好……。

15.翻译题

Educationbeginswithteachers.Yetteachingseemstobelosingitsappealformanyofthebestandbrightestcollegestudents:inhighschool,manyofthebeststudentsdecidethattheywanttobeteachers,buttheirrelativesandfriendssoonconvincethemtochangetheirminds.（1）AccordingtoseveralrecentreportsontheshortcomingsofAmericanpublicschooling,teaching'slackofappealforthebrightestcollegestudentsisoneoftheteachingprofession'smostworrisomeproblems.

Manyarticlesonteaching,currentlypopularinnewspapers,magazines,andprofessionaleducationjournals,concentrateonthenegativeaspectsofteaching;theexpression"teacherburnout"iscommonlyascribedtothousandsofthoughtfulanddedicatedteacherswhoareleavingtheprofession.（2）Teacherburnoutiscausedbysuchproblemsasviolenceintheclassroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequatesalaries，involuntarytransfers,interferingparents,oversizedclasses,andexcessivepaperwork.Eventhebestteacherscannotsolveachild'sproblems,butmanyofthembelievethepublicexpectsthemto,andtheygiveupteachingindespair.

（3）Despitethemorelimitedfinancialprospects,thedeteriorationoftheAmericanpublic'sattitudetowardteachers,andtheproblemscausedbydisruptivestudents，manyofthebeststudentsconcludethattheywanttopursuecareersintheclassroomafterall.Theyusuallydiscoverthattheywantpersonalfulfillmentfromtheirlife'sworkmorethantheywantmaterialrewards.Eacheventuallychosetobecomeateacher.However,agrowingbodyofevidenceshowsthatsuchstudentsareexceptions,ratherthantherule,inAmerica'smorethan1,200teacher-trainingprograms.Manyteacher-trainingschoolsarebeginningtolookatwaystorecruitthekindofpeoplewhowouldbeinclinedtowardthepositiveaspectsofteaching.Theteachingprofessionhastobecomemoreattractivetogoodstudents.

（4）Prospectiveteacherswillseeincreasedemphasisbynationalteacherorganizations，statecertificationagencies，andlocaldistrictsonimprovingthestatusoftheprofession,aswellasonimprovingteachersalaries.Continuedeffortstoeliminatejobsteachersdothatarenotteacher's—suchaspolicingtherestrooms,hallways,andcafeterias—areimportantforupgradingtheprofession.

Whileteachingisnotawisecareerchoiceforall,teachingisanobleandrewardingprofessionforthosewhoindeedseekpersonalfulfillmentfromtheirlife'swork.（4）Thoughthefirstyearofteachingisfrequentlythemostfrustratingyearinateacher'slife,theexperienceofsolvingproblemsthatdealwithinstruction,students,parents,administrators,andfellowteachersisofimmeasurablevalueforfuturesuccess.

PuttheunderlinedsentencesinthefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。

2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业批改工作过多。

3.尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。

4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。

5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。

16.单选题

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

问题1选项

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项动词hide“隐藏”，B项动词hinder“阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint“暗示、示意”，D项形容词hind“后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮助贫困家庭。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答问卷者）listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（强调个性发展的），Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.

SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve（）.

2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto（）.

3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison（）.

4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto（）.

5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?

问题1选项

A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.

B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.

C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.

D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.

问题2选项

A.problemsolving

B.groupexperience

C.parentalguidance

D.individually–orienteddevelopment

问题3选项

A.preparingchildrenacademically

B.developingchildren’sartisticinterests

C.lappingchildren’spotential

D.shapingchildren’scharacter

问题4选项

A.broadenchildren’shorizon

B.cultivatechildren’screativity

C.lightenchildren’sstudyload

D.enrichchildren’sknowledge

问题5选项

A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据文章第一段，“However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.”，可知日本的学前教育提供的答案并不是美国人所期望的。令人惊讶的是，在大多数日本学前教育中，很少强调学术教育指导。可判断出美国人相信日本的学前教育强调学术指导。相信C符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented，Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.”，可知91%的日本受访者认为，让孩子们有团体经历是日本社会让孩子接受学前教育的三大理由之一，62%的美国受访者将团队经历列为他们的三大选择之一。可判断出大多数接受调查的美国人认为学龄前儿童也应该重视团队经验。相信B符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第一段，“Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”，可知日本的学校不教授阅读、写作和数学等学业知识，而是教授诸如坚持、专注和团队意识等能力。可判断出在日本的学前教育中，关注的重点在于塑造孩子的性格。选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句，“SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”，可知一些更先进的项目引入了自由游戏，作为一些日本幼儿园摆脱沉重的课业负担的方法。可判断出日本的学前教育引入了自由玩耍的项目，目的是为了减轻孩子的学习负担。选项C符合题意。

5.事实细节题。根据文章最后一段，“SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.”，可知一些日本父母认为，如果他们的孩子参加一个大学的项目，这将使孩子未来更有可能被一流学校和大学录取。可判断出一些日本父母把孩子送到大学附属的幼儿园，原因在于这能增加他们上一流大学的机会，从而接受最好的教育。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形针，图钉和安金扣针全都散落在地板上。

考查动词辨析。四个选型都是对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得乱七八糟;spray喷洒;separate使分离。因此A符合句意。

19.单选题

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

问题2选项

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

问题3选项

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

问题4选项

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

问题5选项

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不正确。

20.单选题

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige"威望,声望";consumption"消费,耗费;pressure"压力,压迫";controversy"争论;争战"。句意:没有外界的争议,中国的广告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球广告市场上立足。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Punditswhowanttosoundjudiciousarefondofwarningagainstgeneralizing.Eachcountryisdifferent,theysay,andnoonestoryfitsallofAsia.Thisis,ofcourse,silly:alloftheseeconomicsplungedintoeconomiccrisiswithinafewmonthsofeachother,sotheymusthavehadsomethingincommon.

Infact,thelogicofcatastrophewasprettymuchthesameinThailand,Malaysia,IndonesiaandSouthKorea.(Japanisaverydifferentstory.)Ineachcaseinvestorsmainly,butnotentirely,foreignbankswhohadmadeshort-termloansalltriedtopulltheirmoneyoutatthesamelime.Theresultwasacombinedbankingandcurrencycrisis:abankingcrisisbecausenobankcanconvertallitsassetsintocashonshortnotice;acurrencycrisisbecausepanickedinvestorsweretryingnotonlytoconvertlong-termassetsintocash,buttoconvertbahtorrupiahintodollars.Inthefaceofthestampede,governmentshadnogoodoptions.Iftheylettheircurrenciesplungeinflationwouldsoarandcompaniesthathadborrowedindollarswouldgobankrupt;iftheytriedtosupporttheircurrenciesbypushingupinterestrates,thesamefirmswouldprobablygobustfromthecombinationofdebtburdenandrecession.Inpractice,countriessplitthedifferenceandpaidaheavypriceregardless.

Wasthecrisisapunishmentforbadeconomicmanagement?Likemostclichés,thecatchphrase“cronycapitalism”hasprosperedbecauseitgetsatsomethingreal:excessivelycozyrelationshipsbetweengovernmentandbusinessreallydidleadtoalotofbadinvestments.ThestillprimitivefinancialstructureofAsianbusinessalsomadetheeconomicspeculiarlyvulnerabletoalossofconfidence.Butthepunishmentwassurelydisproportionatetothecrime,andmanyinvestmentsthatlookfoolishinretrospectseemedsensibleatthetime.

Giventhattherewerenogoodpolicyoptions,wasthepolicyresponsemainlyonthefighttrack?Therewasfranticblame-shiftingwheneverythinginAsiaseemedtobegoingwrong:nowthereisaracetoclaimcreditwhensomethingshavestartedtogoright.TheinternationalMonetaryFundpointstoKorea’srecovery—andmoregenerallytothefactthattheskydidn’tfallafterall—asproofthatitspolicyrecommendationswereright.NevermindthatotherIMFclientshavedonefarworse,andthattheeconomyofMalaysia,whichrefusedIMFhelp,andhorrifiedrespectableopinionbyimposingcapitalcontrols,alsoscentstobeonthemend.Malaysia’sprimeMinister,bycontrastclaimsfullcreditforanygoodnews—eventhoughneighboringeconomiesalsoseemtohavebottomedout.

ThetruthisthatanobserverwithoutanyaxtogrindwouldprobablyconcludethatnoneofthepoliciesadoptedcitheronorindefianceoftheIMF’sadvicemademuchdifferenceeitherway.Budgetpolicies,interestratepolicies,bankingreform,whatevercountriestried,justaboutallthecapitalthatcouldflee,did.Andwhentherewasnomeremoneytorun,thenaturalrecuperativepowersoftheeconomicsfinallybegantoprevail.Atbest,themoneydoctorswhopurportedtooffercuresprovidedahelpfulbedsidemanner;atworst,theywerelikemedievalphysicianswhoprescribedbleedingasaremedyforallills.

Willthepatientsstageafullrecovery?Itdependsonexactlywhatyoumeanby“full”.SouthKorea’sindustrialproductionisalreadyaboveitspre-crisislevel;butinthespringof1997anyonewhohadpredictedzerogrowthinKoreanindustryoverthenexttwoyearswouldhavebeenregardedasarecklessdoomsayer.Soifbyrecoveryyoumeannotjustareturntogrowth,butonethatbringstheregion’sperformancebacktosomethinglikewhatpeopleusedtoregardustheAsiannorm,theyhavealongwaytogo.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthewriter’sopinion?

2.ThewriterthinksthatthoseAsiancountries______.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatIMFpolicyrecommendations______.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmightrefertothesamegroupofpeopleEXCEPT______.

5.Attheendofthepassage,thewriterseemstothinkthatafullrecoveryoftheAsianeconomyis______.

问题1选项

A.Countriespaidaheavypriceforwhichevermeasuretaken.

B.Countriesallfoundthemselvesinaneconomicdilemma.

C.Withdrawalofforeigncapitalresultedinthecrisis.

D.Mostgovernmentschoseoneofthetwooptions.

问题2选项

A.well-deservedthepunishment

B.investedinasenselesswayatthetime

C.wereundulypunishedinthecrisis

D.hadbadrelationshipsbetweengovernmentandbusiness

问题3选项

A.werefarfromapanaceainallcases

B.werefeasibleintheirrecipientcountries

C.failedtoworkintheirrecipientcountries

D.wererejectedunanimouslybyAsiancountries

问题4选项

A.IMFadvisors

B.moneydoctors

C.economicpundits

D.medievalphysicians

问题5选项

A.due

B.remote

C.imaginative

D.unpredictable

【答案】第1题:D