Differences-between-Chinese-and-British-Tea-Culture中英茶文化差异论文

PAGEPAGEivPAGEiDifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishTeaCultureAThesisPresentedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsBy本人名字UndertheSupervisionofLecturer导师名字##########CollegeofInnerMongolia中英茶文化差异摘要茶作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，具有悠久的历史。中国是茶的故乡，是最早发现和饮用茶的国家。茶在十六世纪中叶传到欧洲，传入英国后，饮茶在英国颇为盛行，形成了独特的英国茶文化。如今茶已遍布世界各地，所产生的茶文化也不尽相同，甚至在一些国家和地区成为社会风俗和民族文化的一部分。本文对中英的茶文化进行了对比，最后总结出了中英茶文化存在的差异。论文第一部分是对文章的总体介绍。第二部分介绍了中国的茶的历史和文化以及中国的茶道。通过阅读本文章，读者可以更进一步了解中国的传统文化。文章第三部分对英国的茶文化和英式的茶道进行介绍。第四章重点从四个方面论述中国茶文化和英国茶文化的差异，得出中国茶文化以及英国茶文化所体现的不同的精神内涵。文化和礼仪是分不开的，不同的文化会通过不同的礼仪有所体现，了解不同国家的文化，吸取文化精华和优点，了解文化的差异，都将有利于更好地进行跨文化交际。关键词：茶文化；茶道；文化差异；跨文化交际DifferencesbetweenChineseandBritishTeaCultureAbstractTeaisoneimportantpartofChinesetraditionalcultures，andithasalonghistory.China,thefirstcountrydiscoveringanddrinkingtea,isthehomelandoftea.TeaspreadtoEuropeinthemiddleofthesixteenthcentury.SinceteawasintroducedtotheUnitedKingdom,teadrinkinghasbeenquiteprevalentamongtheBritishpeople,thusauniqueBritishteaculturewasdeveloped.Nowadaysteaspreadstoallovertheworld.Diverseteaculturescomeintobeing.Insomecountriesandregions,ithasalreadybecomepartofthesocialcustomandculture.

Inthispaper,itfirstelaboratesteacultureinChinaandBritain,andfinallysumsupdifferencesofteaculturebetweenthetwocountries.Thefirstsectionisabriefintroduction.ChaptertwoisaboutthehistoryandcultureofteainChina,andChineseteaceremony.FromtheseintroductionsyoucanbetterunderstandChinesetraditionalculture.ThethirdpartisaboutBritishteacultureandBritish-styleteaceremony.ChapterfourfocusesondifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseteaculture,whichhasbeendiscussedfromfouraspects.Intheend,theirdifferentconnotationshavebeenrevealed.

Cultureandritualareinseparable,anddifferentcultureswillbereflectedbydifferentmanners.Understandingthecultureofdifferentcountries,andlearningtheirculturalessenceandadvantagesareconducivetocross-culturalexchange.Keywords:teaculture;teaceremony;culturaldifferences;cross-culturalexchangeContentsChapter1Introduction1Chapter2ChineseTeaCultureandEtiquette22.1HistoryofTeainChina22.2TeaCultureinChina2.3China—TheOriginalTeaCeremony3Chapter3BritishTeaCultureandEtiquette53.1TeaCultureinBritain3.2EnglishTeaCeremony63.2.1EnglishTeaRitual63.2.2AfternoonTea63.2.3HighTea7Chapter4DifferencesofTeaCulture84.1DifferentStartingTimeofDrinkingTea84.2DifferentTeaDrinkingCultures94.3DifferencesofTeaEtiquette104.4DifferencesofTeahouseCulture114.5DifferentSocialInfluences13Chapter5Conclusion14Notes15Bibliography16Acknowledgements171PAGE11 Chapter1IntroductionTeacultureisdefinedbythewayteaismadeandconsumed;bythewaypeopleinteractwithtea,andbytheaestheticssurroundingteadrinking.Teaisacustomarydrinkworldwide.InAsiancountries,drinkingteaisanancienttraditionaccompaniedbyahighlydevelopedtea-basedculturewhichistiedtoartandlocalcustoms.AmongRussiansandEasternMediterraneaninhabitants,teabecameaprevalentdrinklongaftertheflourishingteaculturedevelopedinChina,andyetmanyyearsbeforeEuropeanstasteditforthefirsttime.Theteaceremoniesarethecrowninggloryoftheteaculture.Theysetitapartandglorifyitandgiveasymbolicmeaningtotheimportanceofteainsocietyandlocalculture.Teaceremonieswhichhavebeenpreservedfromancienttimesopenawindowtodistantculturesandancientcustomswhichhaveassimilatedintovarioustraditionsandaccompaniedthemupuntiltoday.Inmanycultures,teaisoftendrunkathighclasssocialevents,andmanycultureshavecreatedintricateformalceremoniesfortheseevents.Westernexamplesareafternoonteaandtheteaparty.Intheeast,teaceremoniesdifferamongcountries,itmaybeconsumedearlyinthedaytoheightenalertness;itcontainstheophyllineandboundcaffeine.Thereareteaceremonieswhichhavearisenindifferentcultures.Chineseteaceremonyusessometraditionalwaysofbrewingtea.OneformofChineseteaceremonyistheGongfuteaceremony,whichtypicallyusessmallYixingclayteapotsandoolongtea.Differentregionsalsofavordifferentvarietiesoftea,black,green,oroolong,andusedifferentflavorings,suchasmilk,sugarorherbs.Thetemperatureandstrengthofthetealikewisevarywidely.SometeaculturesinChinahaveebeenflourishingforsuchalongtime,itiscrucialtofirstdatebacktotheancienttimesandreviewtheoriginanddevelopmentofteacultureonthisbeautifulland.PAGE17 Chapter2ChineseTeaCultureandEtiquette2.1HistoryofTeainChinaAsweallknow,Chinaisthehometownofteaculture.ThehistoryofteainChinaislongandcomplex.TheChinesehaveenjoyedteaformillennia.Scholarshailedthebrewasacureforavarietyofailments;thenobilityconsideredtheconsumptionofgoodteaasamarkoftheirstatus,andthecommonpeoplesimplyenjoyeditsflavor.TeawasfirstdiscoveredbytheChineseEmperorShennongin2737BC.Itissaidthattheemperorlikedhisdrinkingwaterboiledbeforehedrankitsoitwouldbeclean,sothatiswhathisservantsdid.Oneday,onatriptoadistantregion,heandhisarmystoppedtorest.Aservantbeganboilingwaterforhimtodrink,andadeadleaffromthewildteabushfellintothewater.Itturnedabrownishcolor,butitwasunnoticedandpresentedtotheemperoranyway.Theemperordrankitandfounditveryrefreshing,andteawasborn.Whilehistoricallytheoriginofteaasamedicinalherbusefulforstayingawakeisunclear.TheHanDynastyusedteaasmedicine.Theuseofteaasabeveragedrunkforpleasureonsocialoccasion’sdatesfromtheTangDynastyorearlier.Chineseteawasprimarilyusedasamedicinebeforethe8thcenturyB.C.DuringthespringandAutumnPeriod,Chinesepeoplechewedtealeavesandenjoyedthetasteofthejuiceitself.Inthenextstage,Chineseteawascookedlikeasoup.Tealeaveswereeatenalongwiththesoup.Tealeaveswereevenmixedwithfood.AncientChinesebooksdocumentedthatteawaseatenandusedwithotherspicestocook.2.2TeaCultureinCJustascoffeebecameapartofdailylifeintheWest,teabecameapartofdailylifeinChina.OnecanseeteahousesscatteredonthestreetsofChina,muchlikecafesonthestreetsoftheWest.TheChinesehavesuchacloserelationshipwithteathatanewculturerelatingtoteabegantoriseinChina.TeaCultureincludesarticles,poems,picturesabouttea,theartofmakinganddrinkingtea,andsomecustomsabouttea.TeaplaysanimportantroleinChinesesociallife.TeaisalwaysofferedtoaguestimmediatelyuponenteringaChinesehome.Servingacupofteaismorethanamatterofmerepoliteness.Itisasymboloftogetherness,asharingofsomethingenjoyable,andawayofshowingrespecttovisitors.InsomeareasofChina,itmightbeconsideredrudenottotakeatleastasip.DuetotheimportanceofteainChinesesocietyandculture,teahousescanbefoundinmostChineseneighborhoodsandbusinessdistricts.Chinese-styleteahousesofferdozensofvarietiesofhotandcoldteaconcoctions.Theyalsoserveavarietyoftea-friendlyandtea-relatedsnacks.Beginninginthelateafternoon,thetypicalChineseteahousequicklybecomespackedwithstudentsandbusinesspeople,andlateratnightplayshosttoinsomniacsandnightowlssimplylookingforaplacetorelax.TheartofdrinkingandservingteaplaysamajorculturalroleinChina.Itinspirespoetryandsongs.Mutualloveofteacementslifelongfriendship.Forcenturies,theritualofpreparingandservingteahashadaspecialplaceintheheartsandmindsofChinesearistocracy,courtofficials,intellectualsandpoets.2.3China—TheOriginalTeaCeremonyAteaceremonyisaritualizedformofmakingtea.Onecanalsorefertothewholesetofrituals,tools,gestures,etc.usedinsuchceremoniesasteaculture.Alloftheseteaceremoniesandritualscontain“artificiality,abstractness,symbolismandformalism”toonedegreeoranother.Ataverybasiclevel,teaceremoniesareaformalizedwayofmakingahotdrink,inaprocesswhichhasbeenrefinedtoyieldthebesttaste.Theteaceremonyreflectsthesearchforbeautyineveryobjectoftheworld.Theceremonymustbeconductedinapeacefulatmosphereandinduceasenseoftranquilityandharmonyamongtheparticipants.WeallknowthatitisveryimportanttobrewChinese-style.Afterheatingwatertoboiling;theteapotfirstisrinsedwithhotwater.Usingchopsticksorabambooteascoop,fillteapotapproximately1/3fullwithtealeavesandthenpourboilingwaterintothepot.Holdtheteapotoveralargebowl,lettingtheoverflowrunintothebowl.Givethetealeavesarinsebyfillingthepothalffullwithhotwater,thendrainingthewateroutimmediately,leavingonlythesoakedtealeaves.Nowfillthepottothetopwithmorehotwater,coverandpouradditionalwaterovertheteapotrestingintheteabowl.Donotallowbubblestoforminthepot.Whenmixedwiththetea,bubblesformthefoamthatisnotaestheticallypleasing.Besuretonotlettheteasteeptoolong;thefirstinfusionshouldbesteepedforonly30seconds.Inlessthanaminute,pourtheteaintothecupsbymovingtheteapotaroundinacontinualmotionoverthecupssothattheyarefilledtogether.Eachcupshouldtasteexactlythesame.Aftersteeping,theteacanbepouredintoasecondteapotorteapitchertobeservedatleisure.Morewatercanbeaddedtotheteapot,anduptofiveinfusionstypicallycanbemadefromthesametealeaves.Besuretoadd10moresecondsforthesecondbrewingand15additionalsecondsthereafter.Eachpotofteaservesthreetofourroundsanduptofiveorsix,dependingontheteaandtheserver.Thegoalisthateachroundtastesthesameasthefirst.Chinaattachedgreatimportancetothespiritofteaceremony.TheChineseteaceremonyisthemostancientceremonyandplaysacentralroleinChineseculture.Theteaistheheartoftheceremony:thehostandceremonyparticipantssmellthetea,tasteitandenjoythemanylayersoftastediscoveredwitheverymouthful.Chapter3BritishTeaCultureandEtiquette3.1TeaCultureinBrBritainisthesecondlargestteaconsumerpercapitaintheworld,witheachpersonconsumingonaverage2.1kgperyear.Thepopularityofteadatesbacktothe19thcenturywhenIndiawaspartoftheBritishEmpire,andBritishinterestscontrolledteaproductioninthesubcontinent.Itwas,however,firstintroducedinBritainbyCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEnglandinthe1660sand1670s.AsteaspreadthroughouttheUnitedKingdompeoplestartedtohaveteagardensandteadances.Thesewouldincludewatchingfireworksoradinnerpartyanddance,concludingwithaniceeveningtea.Blackteaisusuallyservedwithmilk(nevercream)andsometimeswithsugar.Strongteaservedwithlotsofmilkandoftentwoteaspoonsofsugar,usuallyinamug,iscommonlyreferredtoasbuilder’stea.MuchofthetimeintheUnitedKingdom,teadrinkingisnotthedelicate,refinedculturalexpressionthattherestoftheworldimagines—acupofteaissomethingdrunkoften,withsomepeopledrinkingasmuchassixcupsofteaaday.ThisisnottosaythattheBritishdonothaveamoreformalteaceremony,butfortheworkingclassoftheUnitedKingdom,teabreaksareanessentialpartofanyday.Employersgenerallyallowbreaksforteaandsometimesbiscuitstobeserved.ThereusedtobeatraditionoftearoomsintheUKwhichprovidedthetraditionalfareofcreamandjamonscones,acombinationcommonlyknownascreamtea.However,theseestablishmentshavedeclinedinpopularitysinceWorldWarII.InDevonandCornwallparticularly,creamteasareaspecialty.TeashopsandLyonsCornerHouseswereasuccessfulchainofsuchestablishments.Itisacommonmisconceptionthatcreamteareferstoteaservedwithcream.Thisiscertainlynotthecase.Itsimplymeansthatteaisservedwithasconewithclottedcreamandjam.3.2EnglishTeaCeremonyAsweallknow,theconceptofEnglishteaceremonywasfirstintroducedbytheJapanesecultureaspartoftheirtradition.FromtheintroductionoftheteaceremonyinJapan,thepopularityofteacontinuedtotraveluntilitreachedEngland.Soforthat,itisnotamazingthatmanyoftheEnglishespeciallythosewhoarereallyteadrinkersstillpracticetheJapaneseteaceremony.ThisisalsoassociatedwiththeEnglishteapartyortheEnglishteatime.Assuch,thisisinvolvedsomegatheringsandsinceitisan“Englishteaceremony”theteaisatthecenterstage.3.2.1Evenveryslightlyformaleventscanbeacauseforcupsandsaucerstobeusedinsteadofmugs.Atypicalsemi-formalBritishtearitualmightrunasfollows.1.Thekettleisboiledandwaterpouredintoateapot.2.Waterisswirledaroundthepottowarmitandthenpouredout.3.Loosetealeaves—nowadaysoftenteabagsorthedustfromaripped-openteabag—isthenaddedtothepot.4.Waterisaddedtothepotandallowedtobrewforseveralminuteswhileateacosyisplacedonthepottokeeptheteawarm.5.Milkmaybeaddedtotheteacup,thehostaskingtheguestifmilkiswanted,althoughmilkmayalternativelybeaddedaftertheteaispoured.6.Ateastrainer,likeaminiaturesieve,isplacedoverthetopofthecupandtheteapouredin.7.Thestraightblackteaisthengiventoguestsandtheyareallowedtoaddmilkandsugartotheirtaste.8.Thepotwillnormallyholdenoughteasoasnottobeemptyafterfillingthecupsofalltheguests.Ifthisisthecase,theteacosyisreplacedaftereveryonehasbeenserved.3.2.2AfternoonTAfternoonteaisalightmealtypicallyeatenbetween3pmand5pm.ThecustomofdrinkingteaoriginatedinEnglandwhenCatherineofBraganzamarriedCharlesIIin1661andbroughtthepracticeofdrinkingteaintheafternoonwithherfromPortugal.VariousplacesthatbelongedtotheformerBritishEmpirealsohavesuchameal.However,changesinsocialcustomsandworkinghoursmeanthatmostBritonswillrarelytakeafternoontea,ifatall.Traditionally,looseteaisbrewedinateapotandservedinteacupswithmilkandsugar.Thisisaccompaniedbysandwichessconesandusuallycakesandpastriesthefoodisoftenservedonatieredstand;theremaybenosandwiches,butbreadorsconeswithbutterormargarineandoptionaljamorotherspread.Aformalafternoonteais,nowadays,usuallytakenasatreatinahotel,caféorteashop.Ineverydaylife,manyBritishtakemuchsimplerrefreshmentconsistingofteaandbiscuitsatteatime.WhilelivinginWoburnAbbey,AnnaMariaRussell,DuchessofBedford,iscreditedasthefirstpersontohavetransformedafternoonteainEnglandintoalate-afternoonmealratherthansimplerefreshment.3.2.3HighTHighteaisanearlyeveningmeal,typicallyeatenbetween5pmand6pm.Itwouldsubstituteforbothafternoonteaandtheeveningmeal.Itisnowlargelyreplacedbyalatereveningmeal.HighTeawouldusuallyconsistofcoldmeats,eggsorfish,cakesandsandwiches.Inafamily,ittendstobelessformalandisaninformalsnackorelseitisthemaineveningmeal.Onfarmsorotherworkingclassenvironments,highteawouldbethetraditional,substantialmealeatenbytheworkersimmediatelyafternightfall,andwouldcombineafternoonteawiththemainevenmeal.SeealsoTheUKTeaCouncilDefinition.Chapter4DifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseTeaCultureWithtechnologicaldevelopmentandtheprogressoftime,thepaceintegrationoftheworld’sculturalartsisgettingquicker.However,duetoculturaldifferencesinthehistoricalandenvironmentalconditions,thedisseminationanddevelopmentofcultureofteadrinkingaroundtheworldaredifferent.Suchdifferencesnotonlylieinthestartingtimeofteadrinking,butalsointheteadrinkingcultureandetiquette.Differentregionsindifferentcountrieshavemaintaineddifferentcustomandhabitsofdrinkingtea.Inamodernmulticulturalera,ifwewanttoachievecross-culturalcommunication,wemustproperlyevaluateoutowncultureandholdacorrectviewofothercountry’sculture,namely,retainownculturalcharacteristicsandatthesametimecontinuetolearnfromothersabouttheirculturalstrengths,andthenimproveourownculturaldeficiencies.Chinaisthefirstcountrydiscoveringandusingtea.ThehistoryofteacultureinChinaislongandprofound.UnitedKingdomdoesnotproduceteabyitself,butitisthelargestteaconsumerintheworld.ItshapedauniquecultureoftheBritishblackteaandcreatedacomfortableelegantlifestyleoftheEuropeanafternoontea.Thedifferencesbetweenthetwoteacultureswillbeillustratedspecificallyinthefollowingsections.4.1DifferencesontheStartingTimeofDrinkingTeaChinaistheoriginalhomeoftea.ThehistoryofteadrinkinginChinaisaboutthousandsofyears.Intheearlytime,teawasusedasmedicine.Soonafter,teabegantobecomeoneofthebeverages.Drinkingteaisakindoftraditionalcustom.IntheSuiandTangdynasties,teahasbecomeapopularnationaldrink.Asthehometownoftea,Chinahasmadeagreatcontributiontomankind,notonlybecauseChinafirstdiscoveredandusedthisplant,butChinashowsabrilliantanduniqueteaculturetoInthe16thcentury,onerecordaboutChinateahadappearedintheEuropeanwritings.ChineseteawasformallyintroducedintotheEuropeanmarketbyPortugalandNetherlandsthroughtrades.ManywesterncountrieshadjoinedtheranksofChineseteaconsumption,amongwhichonlyBritainhasformeditsownteaculturesystem.TheteacultureofEnglandisrootedinitstraditionalculturalsoil,andtheformationisaffectedbydomesticpolitics,economyandsociallifeandsoon.Atthesametime,theBritishlearnfromtheexperiencesofAsiancountries,then,theteacultureultimatelyformedafter400yearsofaccumulation.Itwas,however,firstintroducedtoBritainbyCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEnglandinthe1660sand1670s.Afterthekingsandnoblesarekeenonteadrinking,teabecamefashionableamongtheupper-class.Atthattime,mostpeoplestartedtodrinktea.IntheMid-eighteenthcentury,afternoonteaasanupper-classmannerwasgraduallyimplemented,andquicklyspreadtociviliansociety,whichgaveitclassfeatures.4.2DifferentTeaDrinkingCulturesInChina,therearetwoteadrinkingcategories:thefirstcategoryis“mixeddrink”,whichisbasedonindividualpreferencetoaddsalt,sugar,milkorgreenonion,orangepeel,mint,longan,reddates.AddingorangepeelandmintstemsfromTangDynasty.Itcookswithfreshleavesordriedleavesintoasoupandusuallyseasonedwithsaltorusesfreshleavesordriedleavesandboilstoasoupaccompaniedbyginger,pepper,orangepeel,mintandothers.Andnowthisway,mainlyconcentratedinethnicminorityareas.Tibetanbutterteacontainsbrickteawithsalt,butter,milk,etc.Theotheris“cleandrink”,thatistheteawithoutanyingredientswhichmaydamagetheflavoroftea,justteawithboilingwatertodrink,TeacultureisanoutstandingrepresentativeofChinesetraditionalculture,Chinesepeopleinparticular,payattentiontoteaart,butalsoknowhowtotastetea.NowthedomesticstillfollowedthetraditionoftheMingandQingdynasties,isstillmainly“cleandrink.”DifferentfromChinese“cleandrink”,theBritishoftenaddsmilkandsugar.Britainistheinitialconsumptionofgreentea,butnowmostpeopledrinkblackteabecauseofitsrichnutrientsandpuretaste.Theyaddmilkandsugarinordertogetridoftheophylline.Teabecomessweetinordertosuittheirtaste.Inaddition,theBritishtransformthetea;theyinventteabaginsteadofpiecesofthetealeaves,knownasinstanttea.Theyputateabaginthecupandeachcuponlyneedsoneday.Theyalsouseteapotwithfiltercup,whentheyputthehotwaterintheteapot,theteaismade.Thisisbecauseoftheirfastpaceoflife.Justastheyalwayseatfastfood.ButinChina,peopleoftenputsometeainthecuporteapotwithhotwaterandwaitforalongtimetodrink;thisperiodoftimecanreleasethefullflavoroftea.ItisquitedifferentfromtheBritishteadrinking.England4.3DifferencesofTeaEtiquetteChinesepeoplepaymuchattentiontotheteaceremony,throughtheteaceremonytheycanachieveself-cultivation,charactercultivationandtastelife.Thisisthehighestlevelofdrinkingtea.“Harmonious,whisht,joyful,true”isthe“FourNoblespirits”ofChineseteaceremony.“Harmonious”isthephilosophicalcoreofChineseteacultureandthesouloftheteaceremony.“True”istheultimatepursuitofChineseteaceremony.Chineseteadrinkingisnotonlyplayingtheroleofrestandrecreation,butratherasaspiritualinspirationandemotionalsustenance,whiletheBritishwaysislackingofdrinkingteainphilosophicalspirit.DifferentfromChineseteaceremonytheBritishteaismorelivelyandputmoreemphasisonsocialcommunication,emphasizingakindofelegantstyle.VictorianAfternoonTeaisthecorecontentofBritishblackteaculture,asacompositeartform,simplebutnotshabby,gorgeousbutnotvulgar.Underthewarmsunintheafternoon,accompaniedbymelodiousclassicalmusic,peoplerelaxthebodyandmind,whendrinkingtea.TheBritishhaveafixedtimefordrinkingtea.Inthemorning,theydrink“EarlyMorningTea”aftertheygetup.Intheafternoonbetween3pmand5pmisafternoontea,andsoon.TheyalsohaveTeaParty,teainGardenandPicnicTea.IntheeyesofmostChinesepeople,teadrinkingcanbeatanytimeandplace.Teaisanindispensablelifestyle.Theso-calledteacultureisformalizedinTeahouses.TypicalBritishfamiliesdrinkteaatleastfivetimesaday.Thisshoweddifferentteaceremoniesandteaculture.TheChineseteaceremonyemphasizesthetea,ratherthantheceremony,whattheteatasteslike,smellslike,andhowonetypeofteatastescomparedtotheprevioustea,orinsuccessiveroundsofdrinking.Ceremonydoesn’tmeanthateachserverwillperformtheritualthesameway;itisnotrelatedtoreligion.Eachstepismeanttobeasensoryexplorationandappreciation.SinceinanEnglishteaceremonytheEnglishteaisthestar,itiswell-notedthatmostofthepeopleattendinginthispreparedexceptionalsilverwares.Assuch,theEnglishteaceremonyismuchwell-knownforthepresentationofthesilverwareslikethecommonEnglishsilverteapots.ItisbelievedthatmostoftheEnglishlovethepresentationofthesilverwareinthisbecauseofthepleasurethatitgivestothem.InthisthepresenceofsilverwaresisahintforanelegantEnglishteaceremony.Furthermore,theEnglishteaceremonyisconsideredtobeunofficialsincetheteaisanunofficialnationaldrinkinEngland.InBritain,thereisalsoapropermannerinwhichtodrinkt