考研考博-英语-广东交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan(清教徒)traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.

TomakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.

TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialofthecrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoimmigratedinthelate1630s:leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbymypeople.”OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.

Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”

26.Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland________.

27.ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglanders________.

28.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay________.

29.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften________.

30.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland________.

问题1选项

A.puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife

B.intellectualinterestwereencouraged

C.politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors

D.intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment

问题2选项

A.experiencedacomparativelyearlyhistory

B.broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld

C.paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife

D.wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations

问题3选项

A.werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings

B.gainedincreasingimportanceinreligionsaffairs

C.abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld

D.createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland

问题4选项

A.influencedbysuperstitions

B.troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

C.puzzledbychurchsermons

D.frustratedwithfamilyearnings

问题5选项

A.weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities

B.weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect

C.camefromdifferentintellectualbackground

D.leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits”（在新英格兰，没有任何其他地方比殖民地美国“对知识追求”有如此高的重视），可知作者认为新英格兰重视知识，所以B选项“鼓励知识分子的兴趣”正确。A选项“清教传统主导了政治生活”和D选项“享有追求知识自由的环境”：根据第一段第三句NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan（清教徒）traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.（新英格兰的领导人将逐渐发展起来的占主导地位的清教传统文化作为美洲文化生活的基本主题和当务之急。），可知没有说到清教和政治的紧密联系，故A选项错误，领导人把清教作为文化基底，没有让人充分自由追求文化，故D选项错误。C选项“政治从知识的努力中获益良多”：文章没有提到知识在政治方面带来的好处，故错误。因此选B项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.（但是，为了与我们对南方知识分子生活的考察相一致，我们可以把最初的清教徒看作是欧洲文化的载体，他们在适应新大陆的环境。），可知新英格兰人把原本就有的清教带到新大陆，所以B选项“带来了旧世界的文化”正确。A选项“经历了比较早的历史”：不是作者想要表达的意思，属于过度推测，故错误。C选项“对南方的知识分子生活没有多少关注”：这里指的是以读者的角度看南方知识分子而非新英格兰人，故错误。D选项“痴迷于宗教创新”：根据第二段第一句Puritans’theologicalinnovations（清教徒的神学创新），并没有说他们痴迷于宗教改革，属于过度推测，故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.（这些人著书立说，在新旧世界都有读者，给新英格兰带来了一种学术热情的气氛。），可知D选项“在新英格兰创造了一种新的学术氛围”正确；没有表达他们很出名，故A选项“在新大陆，他们因为作品很出名”错误；没有提到他们在宗教事务中的地位，故B选项“在宗教事务中越来越重要”错误。C选项“在来到新大陆之前放弃了高级职位”：根据第三段第一句TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.（马萨诸塞湾的早期定居者包括在英国受过良好教育和有影响力的人。），这并不代表他们之前位高权重，故错误。因此D选项正确。

29.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句mostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.（大多数新英格兰人受教育程度较低。）和第三句Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.（他们的思想往往带有一种传统的迷信性质。），接着引出戴恩的例子，所以A选项“受迷信的影响”正确。B选项“受宗教信仰困扰”，C选项“被教会的布道所迷惑”和D选项“对家庭收入感到沮丧”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

30.推理判断题。本文讲述新英格兰殖民地的早期定居者，他们有的是受过良好教育和有影响力的人，有的受教育程度较低，所以C选项“来自不同的知识背景”正确。A选项“主要从事政治活动”：他们的生活方方面面，政治是其中一项，故错误。B选项“被虚幻的前景所激励”：文中没有这样的意思，故错误。D选项“没有留下多少正式记录供后人参考”：根据第一段第三句Accordingtomanybooksandarticles（根据许多书籍和文章），可知有不少可参考的资料，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan（

）thesurroundings.

问题1选项

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。explore意为“勘查，探测”；expose意为“揭露，揭发”；exploit意为“利用，开采”；expand意为“扩大，增加”。由句中的“theradar（雷达）”可知其作用是用来探测，因此选A。

句意：通过将雷达波束缓慢地绕着圈移动，我们可以探测周围环境。

3.填空题

A:You’relate

B:（1）I?I’msorryImusthavelosttrackofthetime.HasMikearrived（2）?

A:Yes,he（3）hereabout15minutesago.He’sinthelavatorynow.

B:Oh,look!（4）heis!Hi,Mike!

C:Hi,Angela!It’sgoodtoseeyouagain.

A:Well,nowthateveryone’shere,Iguesswe’d（5）findacabandsetout.

【答案】Am;yet;arrived;Here/There;better

【解析】句意:

一一你迟到了。

1-2.语义题。一一是吗？抱歉，我一定是忘了时间了。迈克已经到了吗？

3.语义题。一一到了，他十五分钟之前就到了。他现在在厕所。

4.语义题。一一看！他在这里（那里）。你好，迈克！

一一你好，安吉利尔！很高兴再次见到你。

5.固定搭配。一一好了，现在我们都到齐了。我想我们最好叫辆出租车出发吧。

4.单选题

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的”；B选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的；间隔的，每隔（……天等）的；（一个或多个事物）另外的，可供选择的；（两者）互不相容的；另类的，非传统的；（叶、芽）互生的”。句意：经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些琐碎的细节，以后再解决。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Heisofteninclinedto（

）inotherpeople’saffairs,whichisnoneofhisbusiness.

问题1选项

A.manipulated

B.lumbered

C.meddle

D.littered

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意:他总是喜欢插手别人的事，那些事跟他毫无关系。

manipulate操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改。lumber缓慢吃力地移动;笨拙地行进;迫使担负(职责等)。meddle管闲事;干涉;干预;瞎搞，乱弄(尤指不应管或不懂的事物)。littern.乱丢；给...垫褥草；把...弄得乱七八糟;乱扔废弃物。

6.单选题

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

问题1选项

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。confiscate意为“没收”；offset意为“抵消”；submit意为“顺从”；intensity意为“加强，增强”。

句意：有人担心警察利用法律从轻微犯罪分子那里没收财产。

7.单选题

Inherlong,butultimatelytriumphantcareer,shehasbeenforcedtosmugglebirthcontrolsuppliesunderherclothing.

问题1选项

A.forceful

B.insightful

C.successful

D.influential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项forceful“强有力的；有说服力的”；B选项insightful“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；C选项successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；D选项influential“有影响的；有势力的”。句意：在她漫长但最终……职业生涯中，她被迫在衣服下走私节育用品。前面一部分都是用来形容career“职业生涯”long“漫长的”，在一个人的职业生涯中不可能永远是一帆风顺的，中途也会遇到挫折。butultimately“但是最终”有转折可以知道最后的结果是美好的。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

问题1选项

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A选项“纪念”；B选项“寻找，搜寻”；C选项“控制，管理”；D选项“需要”，根据句意‘我们仍然在控制这里的一切，但我不能保证这个情况会这样持续下去’确定C选项正确。

9.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.Inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

IthasbeentenyearssinceI（

）youlast.

问题1选项

A.see

B.saw

C.didn'tsee

D.haven'tseen

【答案】B

【解析】根据last可知这里应该为一般过去时，排除选项A和D；根据句意可知，选项B正确。句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经有十年了。

11.单选题

Therehasbeensomeinsensiblepeoplewhoattempttoendtheirpains（

）throughsuicide.

问题1选项

A.heartandsoul

B.onthewhole

C.byandlarge

D.onceforall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。heartandsoul意为“全心全意，完全地”；onthewhole意为“大体上，基本上”；byandlarge意为“总的来说，大体而言”；onceforall意为“一劳永逸地，彻底地，只此一次”。

句意：有一些麻木不仁的人试图通过自杀一次性地结束他们的痛苦。

12.单选题

Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.grave

C.stressful

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”，B项grave“重大的，严肃的”，C项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”，D项increasing“越来越多的，渐增的”。句意：由于低收入者住房的严重匮乏，市政府对于严重的住房问题感到为难。acute在句中表示“严重的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项。

13.单选题

Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall______.

问题1选项

A.whatthereistolife

B.towhichthereistolife

C.thatisinlife

D.thereistolife

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.whatthereistolife生活有什么意义B.towhichthereistolife这就是生活

C.thatisinlife这就是生活D.thereistolife生活就是这样

【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】根据although可知，句子前半句为让步状语从句，所以后半句为主句，it是主语，isn’t是系动词，all是表语，所以空格部分应为定语从句修饰all，结合选项可知，thereis可以看作在定语从句中充当了谓语，tolife是从句中的状语，那么用作主语的关系代词that可以省略，句子可以还原为Althoughmoneyisalwaysuseful,itisn’tall(that)thereistolife，所以该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项what只能引导名词性从句；

B项towhich使用不当；

C项不符合句意。

【句意】虽然钱总是有用的，但它并不是生活的全部。

14.单选题

Althoughsports____thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.overwhelmed压倒B.affected影响

C.dominated占据支配地位D.influenced影响

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“体育运动”，宾语为“家庭；家人”根据前后语义，应该是想表达在Joe的家庭中，体育运动很重要，但是也会有个限度，不让它们干扰家庭的传统和日常的事务，因此，C选项dominated“占据支配地位”符合上下文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项overwhelmed“压倒”，侧重于指完全战胜，不符合原文语义衔接；

B选项affected侧重于指有形力量的影响，有时这种影响是不受欢迎的，不符合原文语义衔接；

D选项influenced侧重于指无形力量的影响，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】尽管体育运动在家庭中占统治地位，但是当它们干扰了家庭的传统和日常事务时，Joe也有个限度。

15.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically综合地，A选项符合句意。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年来，中国从工业化、城镇化加快发展的国情出发，不断丰富可持续发展的内涵，积极应对国内外环境的复杂变化和一系列重大挑战，实现了经济平稳较快发展、人民生活显著改善，在控制人口总量、提高人口素质、节约资源和保护环境等方面取得了积极进展。同时，作为一个发展中国家，中国人口众多、‘生态脆弱、人均资源占有不足，人均国内生产总值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22亿贫困人口，资源环境对经济发展的约束增强，区域发展不平衡问题突出，科技创新能力不强，改善民生的任务十分艰巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

17.不定项选择题

AtimelystudyinthejournalHumanFactorssuggestswhytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger.Ergonomics（人类工程学）researchersattheUniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting.ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,“driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.”Buttextingrequiresdriverstoswitchtheirattentionfromonetasktotheother.Whensuchattention-switchingoccursasdriverscompose,read,orreceiveatext,theiroverallreactiontimesaresubstantiallyslowerthanwhenthey’reengagedinaphoneconversation.Thetypeoftextingactivityalsoappearstomakeadifference;inthisstudy,readingmessagesaffectedbrakingtimesmorethandidcomposingthem.

Thehazardsoftextingwhiledrivingcontinuetoreceivebroadnationalandinternationalattentionasaccidentratesattributedtothispracticeincrease.Asaresult,agrowingnumberofU.S.citiesandstates,aswellasCanadianprovinces,bantextingwhileoperatingavehicle.Drewsetal,notedthataccordingtoCTIA,morethan1trilliontextmessagesweresentin2008intheUnitedStatesalone.Tofindwhyandhowmuchdriversareimpairedduringtexting,theresearchersengaged20menand20womenbetweentheagesof19and23inbothasingletask(straightdriving)andadualtask(drivingandtexting)inahigh-fidelitysimulator.Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions.

Thecrashriskattributabletotextingissubstantial.Onepossibleexplanationisthatdriverswhotexttendtodecreasetheirminimumfollowingdistanceandalsoexperiencedelayedreactiontime.Forexample,intheDrewsetal.study,drivers’medianreactiontimeincreasedby30%whentheyweretextingand9%whentheytalkedonthephone,comparedwiththeirperformanceinadriving-onlycondition.

Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Atexterwhiledrivingintendsto（）.

3.Whytextingwhiledrivingismoredangerousthanconversingonacell-phone?

4.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

问题1选项

A.Comparedwithtalkingonacell-phone,itismoredangeroustotalkwithanotherpassenger.

B.Whiledriving,textingisriskierthantalkingonacell-phone.

C.Moreaccidentshappenedduetotextingwhiledriving.

D.Whiledriving,peopletendtoreactmoreslowlywhentheyaretexting.

问题2选项

A.beabletopayenoughattentiontocarscomingfrombothsidesofhis/hercar

B.keepproperdistancewiththecarinfrontofhis/hers

C.besteadyindrivingalongtheproperlane

D.belessconsciousofthebrakelightsoncarinfrontofhim/hers

问题3选项

A.Becausetextingmaytendtoslowdownthedriver’sreaction.

B.Becausereadingmessagesaffectedbrakingtime.

C.Becauseattention-switchingfortextingisriskierthanisattention-dividingforconversing.

D.Becausecomposingamessagewhiledrivingmaybemorerisky.

问题4选项

A.torepairtheroad

B.keepingtheroadingoodcondition

C.tosticktotheroad

D.drivingsteadilyalongthesamedrivinglane

问题5选项

A.Manycarscrashedduetotheuseofacell-phonewhiledriving.

B.Relativelawsshouldbemade.

C.Textingisasdangerousasistalkingonacell-phone.

D.Textingmayleadtosafetyproblems.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第一段的第一句话“…whytextingwhiledrivingisriskierthantalkingonacellphoneorwithanotherpassenger”（为什么开车时发短信比打电话或与其他乘客通话更危险）可知，本文是将发短信与其他两者之间进行相比，而不是将“与用手机交谈相比，与其他乘客交谈更危险”这两者之间相比，所以A选项符合题意。B选项“开车时发短信比打电话更危险”、C选项“更多的事故是由开车时发短信造成的”、D选项“开车时，人们在发短信时反应往往更慢”三项内容文中都有提及，所以说法是正确的。因此A选项符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段的第二句话“…UniversityofUtahfoundthattextersinadrivingsimulatorhadmorecrashes,respondedmoreslowlytobrakelightsoncarsinfrontofthem,andshowedmoreimpairmentinforwardandlateralcontrolthandiddriverswhotalkedonacellphonewhiledrivingordrovewithouttexting”（犹他大学发现，与边开车边打电话或开车时不发短信的司机相比，在驾驶模拟器中发短信的人发生的车祸更多，对前面汽车的刹车灯反应更慢，在前进和横向控制方面表现出更大的障碍）可知他们不太在意他/她前面车上的刹车灯。A选项“能够对从他/她的车的两边来的车给予足够的注意”、B选项“与他/她前面的车保持适当的距离”、C选项“在正确的车道上开车要稳”三项内容没有原文依据。因此D选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段的第三、四句话“ResearchersFrankDrewsandcolleaguesfoundevidencethatattentionpatternsdifferfordriverswhotextversusthosewhoconverseonacellphone.Inthelattercase,theresearcherssay,‘driversapparentlyattempttodivideattentionbetweenaphoneconversationanddriving,adjustingtheprocessingpriorityofthetwoactivitiesdependingontaskdemands.’”（研究人员FrankDrew及其同事发现，发短信的司机和打电话的司机注意力模式不同。研究人员说，在后一种情况下，“司机显然试图将注意力分散在打电话和开车之间，根据任务需求调整这两种活动的处理优先级”）可知因为在发短信时转移注意力比在交谈时分散注意力风险更大。A选项“因为发短信可能会减慢司机的反应速度”、B选项“因为读取信息会影响制动时间”、D选项“因为边开车边写信息可能更危险”三项内容说法也都是开车时发短信的危害，但是不够全面。因此C选项正确。

第4题:语义推测题。由题干定位到第二段最后一句话“Theparticipants,experiencedtexterswithanaverageof4.75yearsofdrivingexperience,receivedandsentmessageswhiletheresearchersobservedtheirbrakeonsettime,followingdistance,lanemaintenance,andcollisions”（参与者是有经验的短信用户，平均有4.75年的驾驶经验，他们接收和发送信息，同时研究人员观察他们的刹车开始时间、跟车距离、沿路行使和碰撞情况）可知lanemaintenance为不变地沿着同样的驾驶道路驾驶。A选项“修护道路”、B选项“保持道路状况良好”、C选项“不偏离道路”语义错误。因此D选项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。由题干定位到最后一段“Notwithstandingthesafetyriskoftextingwhiledriving,previousresearchbyDrewsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofUtah―nottomentioncrashdataandwidespreadlegislation―makesclearthatusingaphonewhiledrivingisdangerous”（尽管开车时发短信存在安全风险，但德鲁和他在犹他大学的同事之前的研究——更不用说撞车数据和广泛的立法——明确表明开车时使用手机是危险的）可知驾驶时发短信会导致安全问题。A选项“许多汽车因开车时使用手机而发生撞车事故”、B选项“应该制定相关的法律”没有原文依据；C选项“发短信和打电话一样危险”错误，这两者之间本文没有明确表述。因此D选项正确。

18.不定项选择题

AndresearcherssaythatlikethoseliteraryromanticsRomeoandJuliet,theymaybeblindtotheconsequencesoftheirquestsforanidealizedmatewhoservestheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.Nearly19in20never-marriedrespondentstoanationalsurveyagreethatwhenyoumarryyouwantspousetobeyoursoulmate,firstandforemostaccordingtotheStateofourUnions:2001studyreleasedWednesdaybyRutgersUniversity.

DavidPopenoe,aRutgerssociologistandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saidthatviewmightspelldoomformarriages.“Itreallyprovidesaveryunrealisticviewofwhatmarriagereallyis,”Popenoesaid.“Thestandardbecomessohigh,it’snoteasytobailoutifyoudidn’tfindasoulmate.”

Thesurveypointstoafundamentaldilemmainwhichyoungerpeoplewantmorefromtheinstitutionofmarriagewhiletheyseeminglyareunwillingtomakethenecessarycommitments.

Thesurveyalsosuggeststhatsomerespondentsexpecttoomuchfromaspouse,includingthekindofemotionalsupportrenderedbysamesexfriends.Theauthorsofthestudysuggestthatthegenerationthatwaspolledmaymorequicklyleaveamarriagebecauseofinfidelitythanpastgenerations.

Popenoesaidthepoll,conductedbytheGallupOrganization,isthefirstofitskindtoconcentrateonpeopleintheir20s.Atotalof1,003marriedandsingleyoungadultsnationwidewereinterviewedbytelephonebetweenJanuaryandMarch.Themarginoferrorwasplusorminusfourpercentagepoints.

Respondentssaidtheyeventuallywanttogetmarried,realizeit’salotofworkandthinktherearetoomanydivorces.Theybelievethereisonerightpersonforthemouttheresomewhereandthinktheirownmarriageswon’tendindivorce.

Sincethepollisthefirstofitskind,researcherssayitisimpossibletosayifexpectationsaboutmarriagearechangingorstatic.

Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration—andthelastcentury—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility.“Onehundredyearsago,peoplemarriedforfinancialreasons,fortyingfamiliestogether,theymarriedforpoliticalreasons,”SaidJohnDeLamater,asociologistattheUniversityofWisconsin.“Andmostpeoplehadchildren.”

ThoseconditionsarenolongerthecaseforyoungadultslikeDavidAsher,a24-yearwaiterinaTrentoncafewhohasbeeninarelationshipforabouttwoyears.Hewantstowaittomakesurehe’sreadytochangevows“Iknowalotofithastodowithfinancialreasons,”hesaid.“Maybeifyou’regoingtohavechildren,marriageisthebestbet.”Butthemainreasonformatrimony.“Ifyou’reinlovewithsomeone,it’ssortoflikepromisingtothemyouareinlove.”

That’sallwellandgood,saidHeatherHelms-Erikson,anassistantprofessorofhumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatGreensboro,butpassionpartlyinendorphin—causedphysiologicalphenomenon—hasbeenknowntodiminishintime.

1.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?

2.Thenewstudyinthispassageshowsthat（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmarriage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthedifferencesbetweenthisgenerationandthepastgenerationsasfarasmarriageisconcerned?

5.WhichofthefollowingsentenceswillHeatherHelms-Eriksonusetoillustrateherownargument?

问题1选项

A.MarriageScholarsWorrySearchfor“SoulMates”isunrealistic

B.PeopleShouldSeekforRomanticLovelikeRomeoandJuliet

C.MarriageShouldHappenbetweenSoulMates

D.Searchfor“SoulMates”ShouldbesupersededbyReality

问题2选项

A.manyAmericanareverypracticalwhentheysearchforaspouse

B.American20-somethingshavealargelyromanticviewofmarriage

C.Romanticviewofmarriagemightleadmarriagetoahappyending

D.Americansarefondofmarriagelifesotheywillnotcarecohabitation

问题3选项

A.Itusuallyinvolvesidealizedmateswhocanservetheireveryphysicalandemotionalneed.

B.Itmaynotberealizedunlessthecoupleconsidercarefullyabouttheirresponsibilityandcommitment.

C.Itbecomesmoreunrealisticnowadaysthaninthepastbecausemostpeoplecenteronromanceinsteadofutility.

D.Itresultsfrommanyreasonssuchasfinancialreasons,familyreunion,