考研考博-英语-四川农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t________theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.oblige

C.reconcile

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；oblige“迫使，义务”；reconcile“使协调，使一致”；obscure“模糊不清，掩盖”。句意：因为两国无法协调分歧，他们决定停止谈判。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼脸型图)procedures.”

Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.

Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.

Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.

Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.

1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat（）.

2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat（）.

3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?

4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?

5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily

B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift

C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen

D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface

问题2选项

A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces

B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces

C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces

D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember

问题3选项

A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.

B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.

C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.

D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.

问题4选项

A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.

B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.

C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.

D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.

问题5选项

A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight

B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals

C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain

D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据选项和题干关键词定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.（能准确地描述一个人的面容这种天赋是很罕见的，每一个有经验的警官都知道这一点。）因此D选项“很少有人能给出一张脸的外貌的确切细节”正确。A选项“一个人能令人满意地辨认人脸是不寻常的”不够准确；B选项“毫不犹豫地识别面孔的能力是一种不寻常的天赋”是推断出来的，而不是文章直接的陈述；C选项“有些人能想象他们所见过的面孔”不是原文所提到的。

2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.（然而，奇怪的是，对于我们是如何以及为什么会有这种识别和记忆面孔的天赋这一基本问题，却鲜有人关注。）因此B选项“人们很少思考我们是如何以及为什么获得识别和记忆面孔的能力的”正确。A选项“人们有惊人的能力来识别超过1000张面孔”，在第二段第一句话Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.（然而，据某专家称，我们每个人可能都能识别1000多张面孔，其中大多数在细节上都有所不同。）是专家说的，并不是作者觉得好奇的；C选项“人们没有意识到识别面孔的能力对他们来说是多么重要和有价值”，文章没有提到；D选项“人们一直在争论人们认识和记忆的方式”，这个也不是作者觉得好奇的点。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.（因此，有些人认为这是天生的，“大脑区分面孔的能力有特殊的特点”。）因此C选项正确。A选项“是人类特有的特征之一”，B选项“它在出生后不久就获得了”，与原文不符；D选项“它是从我们的环境和经验中学来的”，这是另一种观点，但不是最先的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.（它是多么重要和有价值，直到我们遇到那些被剥夺了能力的人，我们才会意识到。）因此可以推断出B选项“没有它，正常的日常生活就不可能了”正确。A选项“它在日常生活中是有用的，但不是必要的”与原文意思不符；C选项“在某些情况下，没有它我们就无法生存”，原文没有提及；D选项“没有它，正常的社会生活将很难”，属于过度推断。

5.推理判断题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.（这种不幸的无法识别大众都熟悉面孔的能力，但通常可以通过他们的声音、走路方式或眼镜来识别个人。）因此A选项“识别个体的能力不仅依赖视觉，还依赖其他感官”正确。B选项“视觉对于识别个体是必不可少的”，这个不是文章想要强调的；C选项“识别面孔的能力是大脑天生的一种特殊能力”，不符合文章意思；D选项“人们充分认识到人脸识别能力的重要性”，不是原文强调的；文章最后一段是想说明，哪怕有的人没有这种能力，他也可以通过其他的感官来感知。

3.单选题

Whenaspaceshuttlehasaccomplishedits（

）,itcanbereadyforanothertripinabouttwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.venture

B.mission

C.commission

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。venture“冒险旅行”，mission“使命，任务”；commission“委员会，佣金”；responsibility“责任”。句意：当航天飞机完成了它的任务，它可以在大约两周后准备另一次飞行。因此选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

问题1选项

A.noticeable

B.prominent

C.conspicuous

D.excellent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项noticeable表示“显而易见的，显著的”；B选项prominent表示“突出的，显著的，杰出的”；C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”；D选项excellent表示“卓越的，杰出的”。根据句意“来参加这场邀请会的都是当地的杰出人物”，可排除A、C选项，prominent是指名誉和地位很突出，相比excellent语义更重，故本题正确答案为B选项。

5.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。

6.单选题

Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean（）—itcausedpanic.

问题1选项

A.excuse

B.indulgence

C.exaggeration

D.understatement

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。excuse“借口”；indulgence“放纵”；exaggeration“夸张”；understatement“不充分的陈述”。句意：“他的请辞让人震惊”这个说法算是轻描淡写，实际上引起了恐慌。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.

问题1选项

A.assert

B.inform

C.ascertain

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】assert断言，声称；inform通知；ascertain探明，确定；notify通知，公布。句意：我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

IthasbeentenyearssinceI（

）youlast.

问题1选项

A.see

B.saw

C.didn'tsee

D.haven'tseen

【答案】B

【解析】根据last可知这里应该为一般过去时，排除选项A和D；根据句意可知，选项B正确。句意：自从我上次见你到现在已经有十年了。

9.单选题

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

问题1选项

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项elaborate“详细说明，阐述；详尽计划（常与on连用）”；B选项interrupt“中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍”；C选项explain“说明；解释”；D选项emphasize“强调，着重”。句意：这位演讲者离开他的正文，去详尽阐述明显让他的观众感兴趣的一个观点。结合句意，A选项正确。

10.单选题

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBacon,thattheearthdidnotmovewasafactbecauseitcouldbeseennottomove;andforBaconitwasafactthatlifewasbeingspontaneouslygeneratedbecausemaggotsalwaysdevelopedinputridfleshandfrogsappearedaftereveryrain.

WhatisclearisthatthegreatbreakthroughsofNewton,Darwin,orMarxcouldneverhavebeenachievedsolelyonthebasisofBaconianfactgathering.Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.

21.AccordingtoBacon,facts（）.

22.Datacollectionshouldbeperformedbyilliterateassistants,（）.

23.AccordingtoBacon,knowledgecanbeobtained（）.

24.Spontaneousgenerationoflife（）.

问题1选项

A.aredeterminedbyobservations

B.canonlybeunderstoodthroughlogicalreasoning

C.haveahierarchy

D.aregatheredbyilliterateassistants

问题2选项

A.accordingtoBacon,asitledtospeculation

B.accordingtoBacon,topreventtheoriesfrombeingformulatedoninsufficientdata

C.wasanotionBaconstronglyopposed

D.wasanotionrejectedonthegroundsthatitledtoprematurespeculations

问题3选项

A.bysubjectingtheoriestorigorouslogicalanalysis

B.notthroughpoliticalorreligiousdogmas,butthroughreason

C.byobservationalone

D.throughtheinductivemethod

问题4选项

A.wasaknownfactinBacon'stime

B.isverifiedbymaggotsinputridflesh

C.ismoreapparentthanreal

D.isaspeculationwhichhasnobasisinobservation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】21.细节推断题。根据“FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.（培根（FrancisBacon）提出，科学在于提高实验和观察的权威，而不是理性、直觉和惯例的权威。）”即可合理推断得出本题答案。

22.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“illiterateassistants”“datacollection”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句，“Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.（尽管今天许多人仍然把收集事实并把它们归纳成理论作为科学方法的核心，但是培根关于事实和理论是什么以及它们之间的关系的概念，即使在他那个时代也是完全不切实际的。）”从而得出本题答案。

23.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句和第三句。“Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful‘axioms’.Thisiswhathemeantby‘induction’.（培根认为，随着越来越可靠和精确的特定事实的积累，它们可以被分类和概括，从而形成一个不断扩大的有用的‘公理’层次结构。这就是他所说的‘归纳法’。）”从而得出本题答案。

24.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段最后一句，“Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.（若没有理论指导事实的收集，没有理论区分表面现象和重要现象，那么事实总是不可靠的。）”从而可进行合理推断得出本题答案。

11.不定项选择题

Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.

Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity（湿度）,intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.

Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanewillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointoflandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.

46.Theeyeofthehurricaneis（）.

47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

49.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthat（）.

50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone’shousefromahurricane?

问题1选项

A.thepowerfulcenterofthestorm

B.thepartthatdeterminesitsdirection

C.therelativelycalmcenterofthestorm

D.thecenteroflowpressure

问题2选项

A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.

B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.

C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.

D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.

问题3选项

A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamage

B.ForecastingHurricanes

C.ThedangerousHurricane

D.AtlanticStorms

问题4选项

A.closetothegroundlevel

B.one-storeyflat

C.flathouses

D.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane

问题5选项

A.takingoutheavythings

B.movinginlight-weightfurniture

C.equippingthehousewithstones

D.coveringwindowsHurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.（飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空区域）可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反，排除；B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现，故错误。

47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.（生活在低洼地区的人们明智地撤离他们的房屋，因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能会随着风暴上岸。）可知stormsurge是指水而不是风，所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricanewatch,然后在可能着陆点hurricanewarning，可以看出hurricanewarning比hurricanewatch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.（当风眼来临时，人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死），所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的）D项“风眼来临，出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文，分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项“如何避免飓风的破坏”；B项“飓风预报”；D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lyingareas是指地势低平的地区，A项“接近地面”；B、C是指一层平房，D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。

50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlightweightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.（他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户，以防飓风袭击他们的房屋）可知将轻的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施，所以B和D正确，其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。

12.单选题

MoscowseemstobemovingpastitsoldfearofanexpandedNATO.ThoughRussiadoesnotwanttojoinNATO——PutinandotherpoliticianshavemadeitclearthattheyconsiderRussiacapableofensuringitsownsecurityitisplacinganew（）onfosteringtiewithitsNATOneighbors.

问题1选项

A.premium

B.prelude

C.preponderance

D.preamble

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。premium“额外费用”；prelude“前奏，序幕”；preponderance“优势，多数”；preamble“序文，先兆”。又根据固定搭配placeanewpremiumon“鼓励，重视”，句意：普京和其他政客已经明确表示，他们认为俄罗斯有能力确保自己的安全俄罗斯注重加强与北约邻国的关系。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Inthelongrun,thenewsystem,whichisuniformandsimpler,willsavemoney.

问题1选项

A.Inthecourseoflongexperience

B.Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties

C.Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople

D.Inthelightofeconomicreckoning

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。Inthelongrun表示“从长远看”；A项Inthecourseoflongexperience“在长期经验的过程中”，B项Onaccountoffinancialdifficulties“因为财政困难”，C项Withtheviewofenrichingthepeople“以富民的观点”，D项Inthelightofeconomicreckoning“根据经济计算”。句意：从长远来看，统一且更简单的新系统将节省资金。因此A项正确。

14.单选题

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

问题1选项

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:大雨过后，叫来一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房顶。

考查形容词辨析。leaking渗漏的，泄漏的(leak的现在分词)；tricklingtrickle(滴，细细地流，慢慢地移动)的现在分词；prominent突出的，显著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable显而易见的，显著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。

15.单选题

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

问题1选项

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，差别”；B选项difference“差异，不同”；C选项separation“分离，分开”；D选项discrimination“歧视，区别”句意：歧视其他种族的人是一种冒犯行为。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

问题2选项

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

问题4选项

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文中说到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而这是第一次世界大战的英文表述，因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文中说到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，许多恶行都是由于生理有机体的病态或缺陷状态造成的。因此相对的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由文中两个感叹句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoincul