考研考博-英语-太原理工大学现代科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原理工大学现代科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。

形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的;virtual实质上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

2.单选题

This（

）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferTVseriestofilms.

问题1选项

A.examination

B.inspection

C.analysis

D.survey

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意:目的在于弄清楚多少人更喜欢看电视连续剧而不是电影。由此可以推断,这是一项调查,所以选项D符合语境。

3.单选题

Basicresearchprovidesthe（

）fundofscientificknowledge,onwhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.

问题1选项

A.capital

B.endowed

C.enhanced

D.initiative

【答案】A

【解析】句意:基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。

形容词辨析。Capitalfund资本基金;endowedfund捐助基金;enhancedfund增强型基金;initiativefund项目基金。因此A符合句意。

4.单选题

Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen（）didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded（）.

问题1选项

A.attacked...stoically

B.attacking...stoic

C.attacked...stoic

D.attacking...stoically

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句意和句子结构，句子的主语为coolmusicians，when后面的空格应该是指当音乐家受到攻击时，所以主语musicians和动词attack之间存在被动关系，用attacked过去分词来修饰音乐家，故选项B和D可排除。又根据responded动词，可判断第二空格应填入副词修饰动词，故选项B和C可排除。句意：冷酷的音乐家需要尊重，当被攻击时，当他们受到的攻击没有爆发时，他们就像总统一样，反应冷静。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thenewcolleague（

）

tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意:新同事声称自己在加入我们公司之前曾在几家大公司工作过。Confess坦白，承认;declare声明;宣布,通常后接名词或that引导的从句;claim声称，宣布,常后接动名词、that引导从句或不定式短语;confirm证实；肯定,后接that引导的从句。因此从语法跟语义角度来说,C项正确。

6.翻译题

现在我们正面临着一项严峻的挑战：全球变暖。地球气候持续恶化，正在演变成一场事关紧要的战争，而从任何一个方面来看，美国正在输掉这场战争。美国每年释放的温室气体约占全球总量的25%，并声称它不打算采取任何减排措施。困难还在于，即使绝大多数人认为气候变化是个全球性的紧急事件，如何解决这个问题很难达成共识。工业界提出自己的方案，可惜这些方案通常解决不了什么问题。环保主义者也献策，可惜他们的方案往往过于天真，以至于会严重阻碍美国社会和经济的发展。但是一个宏大而有效的方案到底是什么样的呢？如何才能让我们同时拥有安全的环境和良好的经济增长？

然而，只要我们能制定出可行的战略，将短期措施和长远目标结合起来，将务实精神和雄心壮志结合起来，我们就能做到既不损害经济，又帮助遏制气候变化带来的最坏影响，并保证我们的后代在这个世界上能生存下来。要实现这个目标，最需要的是决心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

7.单选题

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

问题1选项

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很容易会把人们对话的减少怪罪在当代生活的快节奏和发生在我们这个不断变化的世界里的难以言说的变化。句子中连词连接两个介词结构，没有从句引导词，因此我们得用非谓语，排除C选项。这些变化是一直在发生的，所以我们要用现在分词形式，所以答案选A。

8.翻译题

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.1.With（thegapbetween）thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.2.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.

3.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.

TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.4.Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.5.SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

【答案】1.【参考译文】由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

2.【参考译文】每个启示出现之前，当时的许多思想家都采用更为古老的思维方式，包括地心说的观点，该观点认为地球是我们宇宙的中心。

3.【参考译文】尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

4.【参考译文】正当很多人致力于尝试把推理和科学哲理融入到世界时，文艺复兴结束了，而此时一个新的时代到来了。

5.【参考译文】这些探索知识并且理解已知信息的行为可以用拉丁文“sapereaude”或英文“daretoknow”描述。

9.单选题

Noformofgovernmentintheworldis（）;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.influential

C.integral

D.drastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“显性的，占优势的”；influential“有影响力的，有势力的”；integral“完整的，整体的”；drastic“激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政府形式是占优势的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕……移动”；C选项observe“观察，遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

There'sabuzzintheairattheElDiabloCoffeeCo.inSeattle,andit'snotjustcomingfromthearomaoftheshop'sCuban-stylecoffeedrinks.OnarecentWednesdayevening,asmostcustomerssatquietlyreadingbooksortappingawayontheirlaptopcomputers,about15peoplegatheredinacirclediscussingphilosophy.“Whatisawell-livedlife?”askedone,asthegroupenjoyedanintellectualhigh.

KnownasaSocratesCafe,thegroupatElDiabloisjustoneof150orsothatmeetincoffeeshops,bookstores,libraries,churchesandcommunitycentersacrossthecountry.FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues.UsingakindofSocraticmethod,theyencouragepeopletodeveloptheirviewsbyposingquestions,beingopentochallengesandconsideringalternativeanswers.AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants.

“Insteadofjustyellingbackandforth,wetakeafewstepsbackandexaminepeople'sunderlyingvalues.Peoplecanaskwhytotheirheart'scontent^’’saysPhilips,whosemostrecentbookSixQuestionsofSocrates,cameoutearlierthisyear.

Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing.“Peoplewhogetoffonideascometothis,”saysFredKorn,65,aretiredphilosophyprofessor,whoattendstheWednesday-nightmeetingsatElDiablo.“Outsideofcollege,there'renotalotofopportunitiestogettogetherwithpeoplewhowanttotalkaboutideas.”

ForPhilips,thedialoguegroupsareaboutmuchmorethangoodconversation.“It'sgrass-rootsdemocracy.”hesays.“It'sonlyinagroupsettingthatpeoplecanhashouttheirideasabouthowweshouldactnotjustasanindividualbutasasociety.”Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions.Forexample,insteadofarguingaboutwhethergaycouplesshouldmarry,agroupasked,“whatisanexcellentmarriage?”

WhilePhillipsbelievesthecafescanbenefitanyone,oneofhisfavoritegroupsischildren.Philosophyisimportantforkidsofallages,Philipsays,because“itgivesthemthisgreatchancetoshapetheirmoralcode,tofigureoutclearlywhotheyareandwhotheywanttobe...Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it’sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings.”Onequestionatatime.

1.BydescribingthesceneoftheElDiabloCoffee,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thediscussiongroupholdsthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,SocratesCafesare（）.

4.Thediscussiongroupusuallyavoidstalkingaboutcurrenteventsinorderto（）.

5.Bymentioning“Onequestionatatime”inthelastsentence,theauthormeansthatchildrenshould

（）.

问题1选项

A.theElDiabloCoffeeisthefirstCafewherepeoplemeettodiscussphilosophy

B.discussiongroupsbasedontheteachingsofSocratesarerevivingatcafes

C.whenthinkingaboutthemeaningoflife,peopleoftenenjoyhighspirits

D.manypeopleenjoydiscussingphilosophy,especiallytheteachingsofSocrates

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldattackothers’views

B.peopleshouldchallengetheauthority

C.peopleshouldhelpothers

D.peopleshouldmeditateontheirlife

问题3选项

A.welcomedbyalargenumberofoverseasvisitors

B.consideredgoodplacestotalkaboutphilosophy

C.placeswherepeoplearefreetoaskallkindsofquestions

D.placeswherepeoplearefreetocriticizeothers’views

问题4选项

A.preventunsolvabledispute

B.wardofftendersubjects

C.studyphilosophicalquestions

D.focusongeneraltopics

问题5选项

A.askonequestionatatime

B.thinkaboutonequestionatatime

C.discussonequestionatatime

D.answeronequestionatatime

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过描绘咖啡店的场面，作者暗示了什么？”文章第四段第一句话提到“虽然一个以公元前5世纪思想家教义为基础的现代讨论组织可能古怪过时，但是苏格拉底咖啡馆却意外地吸引了一大群形形色色的追随者”（Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing），由此可知选项D“很多人喜欢讨论哲学，尤其是苏格拉底的教义”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，讨论组织持有什么观点？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“秉承苏格拉底的信念，‘未经审视的生活不值得过下去’，咖啡馆专注于交换想法，而不是用它们来打击其他参与者”（AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants），由此可知选项D“人们应该沉思他们的生活”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，苏格拉底咖啡是……”。文章第二段第二句话提到“咖啡馆是由前记者兼教师Christopher创办，旨在让人们谈论哲学问题”（FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues），因此选项B“被认为是一个谈论哲学的好去处”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“讨论组时常避免谈论时事是为了……”。文章第五段提到“为了避免陷入无休止的争论，咖啡馆经常将时事转变成更广的哲学问题”（Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions），因此选项A符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章最后一行提到‘一次一个问题’，作者认为孩子们应该……”。文章最后一段提到这给他们（孩子们）一个很好的机会来塑造他们的道德准则，弄清楚他们是谁，他们想成为谁。整个想法并不是说我们必须找到一个最终的答案，而是我们一直在想这些事情（Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it'sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings），随后提出onequestionatatime，因此可知是“一次思考一个问题”，选项B符合题意。

12.填空题

（1）totheweatherreportontheradio,it’sraininginShanghai,butthat（2）betrue.IwasjustonthephonetoShanghaiandthe（3）Ispokewithsaiditwassunnythere.

句意:听收音机上的天气预报说伤害正在下雨，但那不可能是真的。我刚和上海的一个人通了电话，其说上海正出太阳。

【答案】1.According

2.can’t

3.person

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根据,此处表示“据天气预报报道”。

2.语义题。句意:但那不可能是真的。

3.语义题。person作spokewith的宾语。句意:我刚和上海的一个人通了电话。

13.单选题

Thenoisewasso（）thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.quiet

C.gentle

D.faint

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dim“不亮的；看不清的”；B选项quiet“安静的”；C选项gentle“温和的；文雅的；高尚的”；D选项faint“微弱的；模糊的；不清楚的”。句意：噪音非常……，以至于只有具有良好听力的人才能听到。词组sothat“如此……以至于……”后半句只有听力非常出色的人才能听到，由此可知，噪音是非常微弱的。故选D。

14.单选题

Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbaseless:studiescomparingtechnology-basedandtraditionalcourseofferingsarebeginningtoappearwithregularity,andtechnologyislookingbetteralltime.UniversitiesthatspecializeindistanceeducationarelearninghowtousemultimediacoursewareandtheInterneteffectivelyandthequalityoftheirofferingsisgainingincreasingrecognition.Whenstudentsinthenearfuturehaveachoicebetween(a)attendingpassivelecturesatfixedlocationsandtimesinacampus-basedcurriculumand(b)completinginteractivemultimediatutorialsatanyconvenientplaceandtimeinadistance-basedcurriculum,guesswhichalternativemoreofthemwillbegintochoose.

Thisisnottosaythattechnologyisapanacea.Passiveinstructionaltechnology-e.g.,simplypointingavideocameraataconventionallectureorusingtheWebonlytodisplaytextandpictures—doesnotpromotemuchlearning,nomatterhowdynamicthelecturerorhowcolorfulthegraphicimages.Moreover,evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely,suchasadvising,encouraging,motivating,andservingasrolemodelsforstudents,helpingthemdevelopthecommunicationandinterpersonalskillstheywillneedtosucceedintheircareers,andgettingthemtoteachandlearnfromoneanother.Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;itisunlikelythatanyonewilleverbeabletodothesameforasoftwarepackage.

Here,then,iswhatourcrystalballsaysaboutthefutureofhighereducation.Anincreasingshareofundergraduatedegreeswillbeearnedinwell-designeddistance-basedprogramsatconventionaluniversitiesandinstitutionswithoutwallsliketheBritishOpenUniversity,andanincreasingnumberofpeoplewillbypasscollegealtogetherandseekcompetency-basedcertificationinfieldslikeinformationtechnology.Somehighlyrankedresearchuniversitieswillstillteachtraditionallyandcontinuetoattractundergraduatesbyvirtueoftheirprestige,servingprimarilyastraininggroundsforgraduateschools.Manyofthemuchgreaternumberoflessprestigiousuniversitieswilltrytokeepdoingbusinessasusual,buthavingtocompeteforashrinkingpoolofundergraduateswillforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.Andagrowingnumberofuniversitieswillsystematicallyincorporateinteractivemultimedia-basedinstructionalsoftwareintheirliveclassroom-basedcourses,makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.Theseuniversitieswillcontinuetothrive—andtheywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

2."apanacea"(Line1,2ndparagraph)probablymeans（）.

3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofmostuniversities?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofaprofessorinthefutureclassroom?

问题1选项

A.technologybasedcourseslookbetterthantraditionalcourses

B.thequalityofmultimediacoursewareisnotclear

C.morestudentswillchoosetechnology-baseddistancelearning

D.someuniversitieswillspecializeindistanceeducationwhileotherswon't

问题2选项

A.asolutiontoallproblems

B.awonderfulinvention

C.amachineteacher

D.ausefulfacilitator

问题3选项

A.qualifiedteachersplayavitalroleinshapingstudents'life

B.it'steachers'jobtobuildacareerfortheirstudents

C.asophisticatedsoftwarepackageislikelytoreplaceateacher

D.aconventionallectureisalwayspassive

问题4选项

A.Theyhavetoclosetheirdoorsandturntobusiness.

B.Theywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

C.Theywillshrinkbecauseoflessstudents.

D.Theyhavetochangeortheywillbeoutofbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Anadviser

B.Atransmitter

C.Aninstructor

D.Atrainers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句可知，作者认为用技术授课的课程比在现场课堂授课的课程更能帮助学生学习的这种推测并非毫无依据，说明作者赞成越来越多的同学会选择基于技术的远程学习课程。选项C正确。

2.第二段的主要内容是讲基于技术课程的缺点和不足。由此推断，这里应该是指技术不是万能的。选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的第三句“evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely.”即使再好的技术也永远无法做一些一流的教师经常做的事情。以及倒数第二句“Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;”大多数成功人士都能回想起至少一位有才华的教师，他通过做一件或多件这样的事情改变了他们的生活。由此推断：合格的教师在塑造学生的生活中起着至关重要的作用。选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的倒数第三句“...willforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.”许多大学还在努力维持以往的办学模式，他们要么被迫做出改变，要么只能关门大吉。选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.”确保授课教师是学生的真正导师，而不仅仅是信息的传播者。选项A正确。

15.单选题

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查语义。前面部分说到“两者都并非非理性的”，相应的空格这部分的修饰词也应选择否定意义。四个选项中只有B选项less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用说疯狂的”。

16.单选题

Heistooyoungtobeableto______betweenrightandwrong.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项discard“抛弃，放弃”，B项discern“觉察出，识别”，C项disperse“分散，传播”，D项disregard“忽视，无视”。根据关键词betweenrightandwrong（对与错之间）可推测，空格处表示“分辨，判断，觉察”，B项符合。句意：他太年轻了，还不能明辨是非。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

问题1选项

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项override“推翻；不顾；践踏”；B选项avert“避免，防止；转移”；C选项reinvigorate“使再振作，使复兴”；D选项ownupto“承认；承认错误，坦白”。句意：人们认为，重振欧洲研发创新的途径在于公私双方共同参与的合作方式。本句表示“使欧洲研发创新重振的途径”，因此C选项正确。

18.翻译题

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。

3.【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。

4.【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。

5.【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。

19.单选题

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

问题1选项

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项visit“访问，拜访，看望，参观，访问”，指短期行为，更多用于动作，目的性较强；B选项travel“长途旅行，经过（某地区），（非正式）经受得住旅行，（物体，放射线）移动，行进，传送”，强调从某处过到另一处，或者已经完成的旅行；C选项watch“观看，注视，守候，看守”，强调专注地看/注视移动着的物体，如看电视，看球赛等；D选项tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用来形容整个旅行，强调旅行的过程。句意：当他在北京的时候，他把所有的时间都花在参观一些重要的艺术博物馆和建筑上。

20.单选题

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

问题1选项

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项homogeneity“同质，同种”，B项proximity“接近”，C项lingering“拖延的，迟迟不结束的”，D项access“通道，进入，机会”。根据but可知，前后句子为转折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息）对比可知，前面空格处应该表示“住在邻居隔壁”，B项符合。句意：住得离邻居很近是很舒适的，但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息。因此，该题选择B项。

21.单选题

InitiallytheLincolnadministrationrefusedblackvolunteers;theyfearedthattheappearanceofblackYankeesonthebattlefieldmightsuggestthatthewar______otherpurposesinadditiontotherestorationoftheUnion.

问题1选项

A.have