考研考博-英语-晋中学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-晋中学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatus---thetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmericA.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericA.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlogicalinferencetobedrawnfromthepassageabouttheeffectsof“severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures”(lines11)passedduringandafterthe1660’s?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericabeforethe1660'swouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshavearguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof（）.

5.TheauthorconsiderstheFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe（）.

问题1选项

A.Theactsnegativelyaffectedthepre-1660'spositionofBlackaswellasofwhiteservants

B.TheactshadtheeffectofimpartingratherthanimprovingthepositionofWhiteservantsrelativetowhatithadbeenbeforethe1660's

C.TheactshadadifferenteffectonthepositionofWhiteservantsthandidmanyoftheactspassedduringthistimebythelegislaturesofothercolonies

D.Theacts,attheveryleastcausedthepositionofWhiteservantstoremainnobetterthanithadbeenbeforethe1660's

问题2选项

A.AlthoughBlackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves,theywereoftencalledslaves

B.Althoughsubjecttosomediscrimination;Blackpeoplehadaheightlegalstatusthantheydidafterthe1660’s.

C.Althoughsometimessubjecttolifetimeservitude,Blackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves.

D.AlthoughoftennottreatedthesameasWhitepeople,Blackpeople,likemanyWhitepeople,possessedthelegalstatusofservants.

问题3选项

A.Racialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously

B.Racialprejudicemostoftentooktheformoftheimpositionofinheritedstatus,oneortheattributesofslavery

C.Thesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery

D.BecauseoftheinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicChurch,racialprejudicesometimesdidnotresultinslaveryslay

问题4选项

A.extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies

B.hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

C.mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

D.delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

问题5选项

A.ambitiousbutmisguided

B.validbutlimited

C.popularbutsuspect

D.anachronisticandcontroversial

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures可以定位到文章中“TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660,s,thepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.”中文翻译为：汉林夫妇认为，在17世纪60年代，白人仆人的地位相对于黑人仆人的地位正在改善，从而解释了法律奴隶制的出现。以及原文中“Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.”，中文翻译为：.因此，黑奴和白种人争论不休，黑人和白人仆人历来待遇相同，每个人都获得了不同的地位。然而，对于这一论点，有一些重要的反对意见；和原文“First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.”，中文翻译为：首先，马里兰州和维吉尼亚州立法机构的几项法案表明，17世纪60年代期间和之后，这位白人仆人的地位并没有得到充分证明。可以推测出白人仆人的地位没有提高，因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.”中文翻译为：在北美英国殖民地大法规中，只有在1660年之后才首次对奴隶制度有所提及，即黑人被输入到美洲后的四十年。“Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothel660’swasthatofservants.”，中文翻译为：唯恐我认为奴隶制度事实上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奥斯卡和玛丽•汉德林使我们相信，直到十七世纪六十年代为止，黑人的地位是充当佣人。以及“Itistruethatbeforethe1660'sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.”中文翻译为：的确，在1660年以前，黑人很少被称为奴隶。可以推测出A选项是作者最不可能同意的观点。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.”中文翻译为：这种可能性具有重要的意义。以及“IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.”，中文翻译为：假若从一开始起黑人就遭到歧视，那么，法律上的奴隶制度应被视作种族歧视的一种反应和延伸，而不应像包括汉德林夫妇在内的许多史学家所指出的那样，被视作种族偏见的起因。可以推测出C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.”中文翻译为：弗雷尔和坦纳博不无道理指出，北美洲某些传统的缺失一一比如古罗马有关奴隶制度的观念以及罗马天主对于平等的强调一一可以说明黑人奴隶在那里的待遇要比在南美洲西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑人奴隶的待遇更为苛刻。可以得知C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyargued...”中文翻译为:“弗雷尔和坦纳博正确地主张了/论证了……”以及“Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.”中文翻译为：但是，这并不能成为一种完整的解释，因为仅仅是从反面进行的，以某些事物的缺乏为其依据。可以推测出B选项正确。

2.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项incomparisonto“与，与……相比，与……比较而言”；B选项inproportionto“与……成比例的；与……相称的”，反义词词组是outofproportion；C选项association“协会，联合，联想”，没有inassociationto这个说法；D选项calculation“计算，估计，计算的结果，深思熟虑”，也没有incalculationto这个说法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。因此B选项正确。

3.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(10%)

Mostofushaveinheritedmoralityfromreligion,family,education,orsocietyingeneral,andusuallyfromallthesesources,becausetheysharecommontaboosagainstkilling,stealing,adultery,lying,andsoonandacommonbeliefinwhatconstitutespraiseworthybehavior.Insomerespects,however,thesesourcescanbeatoddswitheachother.Yournationalassessmentofasituationmayleadyouinonedirection,religion,inanother;andfamilytradition,instillanother.Lifepushusintosomanyquandariesthatdoingtherightthingineveryinstancebecomesexceedinglydifficult.

【答案】我们大多数人从宗教、家庭、教育或一般社会中继承了道德，而且通常是从所有这些来源继承的，因为他们都有反对杀戮、偷盗、通奸、撒谎等的共同禁忌，也都相信什么是值得称赞的行为。然而，在某些方面，这些来源可能相互矛盾。你对国家形势的评估可能会把你引向一个方向，宗教或另一个方向;还有家庭传统。生活把我们推入如此多的困境，以至于在每个情况下做正确的事情变得极其困难。

4.单选题

Whenthefirealarmrang,we（

）outsidetheemergencyexit.

问题1选项

A.resembled

B.dissembled

C.assembled

D.scrambled

【答案】C

【解析】句意:当火警响起时，我们在紧急出口外集合。

考查动词辨析。Resemble看起来像,显得像,像;dissemble掩盖,掩饰(真实感情或意图);assemble聚集,集合,收集;scramble(迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,抢,抢占。故C符合句意。

5.单选题

Ms.Fineenthusiasticallyinquiredaboutherson’sdayatschool,butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”

问题1选项

A.terse

B.pithy

C.complacent

D.acquiescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项terse表示“简洁的，精练的，扼要的”，B项pithy表示“有髓的，多髓的，精练的”，C项complacent表示“自满的，得意的，满足的”，D项acquiescent表示“默认的，默许的，甘心接受的”。根据enthusiastically（满腔热情地）以及but转折可知，butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”应该表示“但是他简短的回答了‘非常好’三个字”。句意：范恩热情地询问儿子在学校的日子怎么样，但他简短地回答说：“非常好。”因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingarewoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanim-age-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestot,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotex-tiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecora-tionandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess:first,theartisttakesalockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthenrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Theoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppaperei-therbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyintheiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theim-geisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Anim-pressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothattheaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“prime”inline2isclosestinmeaningto().

3.Theauthor’spurposeinparagraph2istodescribe().

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutengravingEXCEPTthat

it().

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

问题2选项

A.principal

B.complex

C.general

D.recent

问题3选项

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

问题4选项

A.developedfromtheartofthegoldsmiths

B.requiresthatthepaperbecutwithaburin

C.originatedinthefifteenthcentury

D.involvescarvingintoametalplate

问题5选项

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开篇指出版画的制作技法主要有木刻和雕刻两种方式；接着在第二、三段分别介绍木刻、雕刻的起源、发展、制作过程；最后一段总说两种方式的特点。所以，C项Twotypesofprintmaking（两种版画制作）正确。

2.第一段指出：Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples（木刻和雕刻是版画制作的两种主要方式）。prime在这里指“主要的”，A项principal“主要的”正确。

3.文章第二段主要讲述了木刻的制作过程。C项“制作木刻的过程”准确地概述了该段主旨。

4.第三段指出：Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart，originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury（雕刻由金匠艺术中发展而来，发源于15世纪中期的德国和意大利北部地区）,所以A、C项正确；Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate...（图案刻入到光滑的金属板内），所以D项正确。而B项在原文中没有体现，所以选择B项。

5.题干问的是木刻和雕刻的共同点。最后一段指出：Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-

qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear（在原始的木块或金属板

用坏之前，可以生产数百张复制品）。D项符合原文意思，因此正确。

7.单选题

Thestudyconcludes:“Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemtoincreaseone’spronenesstoviolence.Anuncriticalendorsementoftheculturalvalueofself-esteemmaythereforebecounterproductiveandevendangerous.”

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.resistance

C.apprehension

D.likeness

【答案】A

【解析】句意：某种形式的高自尊似乎会增加一个人对暴力的……。A选项disposition“处置；倾向”；B选项resistance“阻力；抵抗力”；C选项apprehension“理解；恐惧；逮捕”；D选项likeness“相似”。结合句意分析选项可知A选项“倾向”更符合题意。

8.单选题

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

问题1选项

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（）。Divergedfrom为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。

9.单选题

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

问题1选项

A.werecanceled

B.havingbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.hadbeencanceled

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由空格所在句和句中“wehadtotakethetraininstead”都有自己的主语且这里只用逗号“，”将其隔开知这里需用独立主格结构来使空格所在句成为状语，由此可排除不能构成独立主格结构的A项和D项；再由这里“航班应该是被取消”知使用被动语态的B项“havingbeencanceled”正确。故正确答案选B。

10.单选题

Mr.DelRiowasaskedtocondensehisreportinordertoallowhisaudiencesometimetoaskquestions.

问题1选项

A.abbreviate

B.expand

C.continue

D.delay

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。由后半句“为了使他的听众能有时间提问”可推测condensehisreport意为浓缩或简化他的报告。abbreviate使缩短，使简化；expand扩大；continue继续；delay延迟。故A项正确。

11.单选题

TheclerkIspokewithinsistedoverandoverthatwehadbeenchargedthenormalrateforthehotelroom,soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager.

问题1选项

A.insistedoverandover

B.hadbeencharged

C.ratefor

D.soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager

E.没有错误

【答案】E

【解析】没有错误。句意:和我说话的店员一遍又一遍坚持说,我们付的是正常价位的房钱,所以我要求和经理谈话

12.不定项选择题

Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticeNetworksponsoredaforumonthehistoryofgunownership,gunuse,andgunviolenceintheUnitedStates.Ourpurposewastoconsiderhowsocialsciencehistorymightcontributetothepublicdebateoverguncontrolandgunrights.Todate,wehavehadlittleimpactonthatdebate.Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despiteprofoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.KleckandMarkGertz,forinstance,argueonthebasisoftheirwidelycitedsurveythatgunownerspreventnumerouscrimeseachyearintheUnitedStatesbyusingfirearmstodefendthemselvesandtheirproperty.Iftheirsurveyrespondentsaretobebelieved,Americangunownersshot100,000criminalsin1994inself—defense—apreposterousnumber.Lottclaimsonthebasisofhisstatisticalanalysisofrecentcrimeratesthatlawsallowingprivateindividualstocarryconcealedfirearmstodetermurders,rapes,androbberies,becausecriminalsareafraidtoattackpotentiallyarmedvictims.However,hebiaseshisresultsbyconfininghisanalysistotheyearbetween1977and1992,whenviolentcrimerateshadpeakedandvariedlittlefromyeartoyear.Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthateachofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.

ContrarytoKleckandLott,BellesilesinsiststhatgunsandAmerica’s“gunculture”areresponsibleforAmerica’shighrateofmurder.InBelleville’sopinion,relativelyfewAmericansownedgunsbeforethe1850sorknowhowtouse,maintain,orrepairthem.Asaresult,hesays,gunscontributedlittletothehomiciderate,especiallyamongwhites,whichwasloweverywhere,evenintheSouthandonthefrontier,wherehistoriansonceassumedgunandmurderwenthandinhand.AccordingtoBellesiles,thesepatternschangeddramaticallyaftertheMexicanWarandespeciallyaftertheCivilWar,whengunownershipbecamewidespreadandculturalchangesencouragedtheuseofhandgunstocommandrespectandresolvepersonalandpoliticaldisputes.Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.Tothisday,theUnitedStateshasthehighesthomiciderateofanyindustrialdemocracy.Bellesiles’slowestimatesofgunownershipinearlyAmericaconflict,however,withthoseofeveryhistorianwhohaspreviouslystudiedthesubjectandhasthusfarprovenirreproducible.Everyhomicidestatistichepresentsiseithermisleadingorwrong.

GiventheinfluenceofKleck,Lott,Bellesilesandotherpartisanscholarsonthedebateoverguncontrolandgunrights,wefeltaneedtopulltogetherwhatsocialsciencehistorianshavelearnedtodateaboutthehistoryofgunownershipandgunviolenceinAmerica,andtoconsiderwhatresearchmethodsandprojectsmightincreaseourknowledgeinthenearfuture.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthepublicdebateoverguncontrol?

2.TheauthormentionsKleck,Lott,andBellesilesmainlyto（）.

3.Theauthor’smaincriticismofJohnLottisthathe（）.

4.WithwhichofthefollowingwillBellesilesmostprobablyagree?

5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.IthaslittleinfluenceontheforumsponsoredbytheCrimeandJusticeNetwork.

B.Neithersupportersnoropponentsofguncontrolcitetheworksofscholars.

C.Theworksofmainstreamsocialscientistshavegreatimpactonit.

D.Manysocialsciencehistorianshavesofarfailedtotakepartinit.

问题2选项

A.illustratetheinfluencetheyhaveontheissueofguncontrol

B.refutetheclaimthatprivateownershipoffirearmswilldeterviolentcrimes

C.supportthethesisthatgunownershipleadstomoreviolence

D.demonstratewhyresearchmethodsshouldbeimprovedinthestudyofthegunownershiphistory

问题3选项

A.advocatesprivateownershipoffirearms

B.isnotobjectiveinhisanalysis

C.hasanalyzedawrongperiod

D.hasciteddubiousstatistics

问题4选项

A.Guncontrolshouldbetightened.

B.Gunshavelittletodowithmurder.

C.“Gunculture”wastheresultofhighhomicideratesinAmerica.

D.Thestatisticsthatearlierhistoriansproducedofgunownershipisreliable.

问题5选项

A.resolvingapublicdisputeoverguncontrol

B.describingtheeffectsofearlierstudiesonguncontrol

C.analyzingtheflawsintheprevioustheoriesaboutguncontrol

D.summarizingtherecentdevelopmentinthestudiesofguncontrol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。下面哪一个关于公众对枪支的控制的陈述是正确的？选项A“它对犯罪与司法网创建的论坛的影响很小”；选项B“枪支控制的支持者和反对者都没有引用学者的观点”；选项C“主流社会科学家的观点对其有很大的影响”；选项D“许多社会科学历史学家目前不能够参与其中”，根据文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导”，可知社会科学历史学家对犯罪与司法网所创建的论坛的影响极大，由此可知其对民众的看法也具有很大的影响，可知正确答案为选项C。

第2题:推理判断题。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是为了，选项A“说明他们对枪支控制问题上的影响力”；选项B“反驳个人拥有枪火会阻止暴力犯罪这个观点”；选项C“支持枪支所有权会带来犯罪这个理论”；选项D“论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根据文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despitepropoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导，尤其是GaryKleck，JohnLott，和MichaelBellesiles这样的学者，他们的理论尽管存在缺陷，但还是被枪支控制问题的反对者和支持者在政治上所拥护”，可知这些学者的观点都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介绍他们的观点的时候也会强调他们的观点所存在的一些问题，文章最后一段中得出结论我们需要运用更好的研究方式，了解更多关于枪支使用权的历史知识来更好地了解这个问题，所以作者引用Kleck，Lott和Bellesile是为了论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善，故正确答案为选项D。

第3题:推理判断题。对JohnLott的主要批评是什么，选项A“提倡私人拥有枪支”；选项B“不是客观的分析”；选项C“分析了一个错误的时间”；选项D“引用了可疑的数据”，根据文章第一段末尾“Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthatechoofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.他只报道了支持他的理论的回归模型而没有提及那些模型所反映出来的暴力犯罪与实际收入之间呈正相关，与失业问题呈反相关的问题”，由此可知JohnLott的理论不够客观，忽略了很多相关的因素，故正确答案为选项B。

第4题:推理判断题。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪个观点？选项A“应该加强枪支控制”；选项B“枪支和谋杀没有任何关系”；选项C“枪支文化是美国杀人率高的原因”；选项D“早期的历史学家提供的关于拥有枪支的数据是值得信赖的”，根据文章第二段中“Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.结果是前所未有的与枪支相关的杀人案，从来没有真正缓解”，可知Bellesiles会同意的观点是枪支提高了杀人率，故正确答案为选项C。

第5题:主旨大意题。这篇文章主要关于……选项A“解决公共争端枪支管制”；选项B“描述了早期的研究对枪支管制的影响”；选项C“分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷”；选项D“总结枪支控制的研究在近几年内的发展”，这篇文章首先在第一段中作者就提出主流的社会科学家与历史学家的理论存在一些缺陷，并且在分析各学者的观点的时候都指出了这些缺陷，结尾也提出我们需要改善研究方法，所以这篇文章主要是为了分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷，故正确答案为选项C。

13.单选题

Itishardtothinkofafieldinwhichitisnotimportantto（

）whatislikelytohappenandactaccordingly.

问题1选项

A.lookout

B.figureout

C.turnout

D.pointout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。lookout“注意；当心”；figureout“解决；算出”；turnout“（以某种方式）发生；结果是”；pointout“指出；指明”。句意：很难想象在某一个领域知道接下来可能发生什么并且采取了相应的行动这种做法不重要。选项B符合题意。

14.不定项选择题

Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysbadandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Moderningenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwar,orwarwillabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestosidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.

Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideologywouldpre