《航空专业英语》课件维修专业基础英语R1

1、维修专业基础英语课程目标本课程作为民航维修专业英语培训体系第一阶段的组成部分，拟为学员提供基本的英语语法知识与民航维修常用词汇，学员通过学习本课程，应实现民航维修基础词汇的积累与基础英语语法的理解，为接下来维修工作中英语的阅读与使用打下良好基础。Contents 基础语法 词组顺序分类词汇简明英语The FoundationExamples1. Open, safety, and tag this circuit breaker.2. Do an inspection of the component interface and/or the adjacent area. 3. Engage

2、the nuts on the studs and tighten.4. Make sure that electromagnetic interference will not have an effect on the operation of the equipment that you install. Look at these sentences, and what similarities can you find among them?句子基本结构Basic Structure谓语宾语句子动词名词、代词句子基本结构Basic Structure谓语宾语句子名词、代词Word o

3、rder 词组顺序Compound words/ noun clusters 复合词组/名词词组Look at these phrases below:Door leverFuel tanksGround servicing operationAft cargo compartment door proximity detectorWord order 词组顺序Qualifiers +Key word 修饰词+关键词QualifierComponent MeaningDoor leverLever of the door Fuel tankTanks for fuelTank centerTh

4、e center of the tankCenter tankThe tank in the wing center boxWord order 词组顺序In a text, the key word- the component is usually the last word of the chain.Brake discA disc on the brake unit Disc brakeA type of brakeFlight levelAircraft standard altitudeLevel fightHorizontal flightWord order 词组顺序In a

5、text, the key word- the component is usually the last word of the chain.Location System/function Assembly/functionSub-assemblyComponentLeftenginemounting boltwasherUpper rudderservodriverodNose geargroundsafety pinOf词组顺序1.the temperature of any of the hydraulic systems2.the number of in-line compone

6、nts and tubing connections3. a description of individual modular units4. the possibility of the pilot becoming tired5. pneumatic system upstream of the PRSOV6. Usually no maintenance other than removal and installation of the check valve is necessary.7. Accidental operation of one or more of the sys

7、tems can cause injuries to persons or damage to the equipment.Of词组顺序常见of词组规则总结1.如果修饰主语部分较长或者有特定条件修饰，可以使用XX OF XX的结构，如例句7.accidental operation of one or more of the systems2. 结构主体为一个动词变换过来的名词/非具体结构部件名词时，常使用XX OF XX的结构，如前页例句3/例1、例2、例4.a description of individual modular units3.突出强调词组中的主体部分时，如例句6.no ma

8、intenance other than removal and installation of the check valveExercises 沙场点兵 1.把下列中文翻译成英文发电机断电器灯 排气温度热耦器探头2.将下列乱序词组按正确顺序重组 panel lighting exterior controldistribution cabin conditioned system air aftsystem oxygen crew flightreceptacle ground door access powergenerator breaker lightexhaust gas temp

9、erature thermocouple probeBasic Structure基本句子结构谓语宾语句子动词Verb Tenses 动词时态Infinitive/imperative原型Present Simple一般现在时Connect Connects/connectSee Sees/ seePreterite 一般过去式Past participle过去分词Connected Connected Saw SeenPast participle 过去分词动词原形过去分词动词原形过去分词Hang Hung Wear Worn Override Overridden Tear Torn Re

10、ad ReadFly Flown Set Set Wind Wound Shut Shut Stick Stuck不规则动词过去分词Sentence structure句子结构祈使句Set the selector to IGN A+B动作 动作接受对象 结果Add or release dry air or nitrogen to obtain correct dimension X.动作动词+动作接受对象+结果 /状态/可能修饰条件Instruction+Component+（Result/State)祈使句Examples 祈使句例子Instruction Component Resul

11、t，stateDe-energizethe aircraft electrical networkDisconnect electrical ground power unitInstall caps on couplingEnsure engine instrumentsstabilizedExercises 沙场点兵1.确保组件活门处于关闭位。Make sure that the pack valve closed.动作 对象 状态 2. 按要求设置发动机点火。Set the engine ignition as required.动作 对象 结果Sentence structure句子结

12、构Subject（主体）Verb （动作） Object（对象） Means（ 方式）Purpose（目的） The delta P switchtransmits a signalvia the ECBto shut down the APU.The hot air suppliesthe slatsthrough the manifoldfor leading edge de-icing.Passive sentences被动语态常表示被动、状态、动作完成The relay is actuated by a microswitch.The position is monitored by

13、two magnetic indicators.It is not permitted to use tissues such as Kleenex tissues.Be +过去分词Passive sentences被动语态例句主动形式：The hot air supplies the slats through the manifold for leading edge de-icing.被动形式：The slats are supplied with hot air through the manifold for leading de-icing.The mechanic checks

14、the oil.(主动)The oil level is checked.(被动)被动语态中还可使用can, must, shall, may, need, should, could等词汇 如：The flight controls shall be cycled before take-off.被动语态中常用介词By(动作发起者）Moved by the servoWith（物体）Supplied with airFrom（源头）Controlled from the flight deckTo（动作接受者）Advanced to increase thrustTo（变动、连接）Attac

15、hed to the bulkheadExercises 沙场点兵请把下列句子改成被动语态：1. (A wire) connects the unit to the ground.The unit is connected to the ground.2.The pilot may display the weather image on the ND.The weather image may be displayed on the ND.Contents 基础语法 词组顺序分类词汇简明英语The Basement物理性质physical characteristics 思考What kin

16、ds of physical characteristics are mentioned when we describe a/an tool/object?Basically, we talk about their superficial characteristics, their internal contents and what color and what material they are.物理性质physical characteristics The spectrum颜色VioletMauve BlueCyan Green YellowAmberBeige OrangeBr

17、ownPinkRedMagentaSurface 表面特征Internal 内部特性Materials 材料CleanCorrosive 腐蚀性的Alloy 合金Dirty Flammable可燃的Aluminum 铝Greasy 油腻的Fragile 脆弱的Carbon 碳Matt 无光泽的Hard 坚硬的Composites 复合材料Oily 油腻的Heavy 沉重的Copper 铜Rough 粗糙的Hollow 空心的Fabric 布Shiny 闪光的Inert 惰性的Fiberglass 玻璃纤维Smooth 平滑的Light Foil 箔片物理性质physical character

18、istics Internal内部特性Material材料Pliable /plabl/易弯的Glass wool 玻璃棉Porous /prs/有浸透性的Honeycomb 蜂窝Rigid 刚性的Iron 铁Soft 柔软的Laminate/lmnt/薄片制品Solid 坚固的Paper 纸Tough 坚韧的Plastic 塑料Volatile /vltal/易挥发的Rubber 橡胶Stainless steel 不锈钢Steel 钢Titanium /tatenim/钛Wood 木Exercises 沙场点兵Find an item on an aircraft made of each

19、 of these materials.1.copper_ 2.stainless wheel_3.honeycomb_ 4.fabric_5.glass_ 6.aluminium alloy_7.plastic_ 8.rubber_9.foil_ posite_想一想Location-方位位置 Over ThroughBetweenCenterUnderIn(Inner)OnUPDownNext toCornerLocation-方位位置Between In front of Forward CornerThrough Around Outer BottomOver To Near Beyo

20、ndCenter At Off BehindFrom Rear Along UpperInto Lower Within OnUnder Top AftUp Down Next toIn Inner Out of大家来找意义对应词Contents 基础语法 词组顺序分类词汇简明英语The BasementActions-行为举动Blank: /blk/ 清空After PTU removal, blank the disconnected pipes. Comply(with): 遵循The airlines comply with Airworthiness Directives.Deact

21、ivate /diktvet / 撤销The wing anti-ice system is deactivated when the a/c is on the ground.Actions-行为举动De-energize: /diendaz/ An overheat thermostat de-energizes the resistance when a window overheat condition exists.Depress: /dpres / 按压 Depress the LOOPS push-button tests the continuity of the fire d

22、etection loops.Hoist: /hst/ 吊起The engine is hoisted into place under the pylon.Actions-行为举动Trip:/trip/ 跳开Before working on a circuit trip the respective C/B.Tighten/tatn/ 拧紧The bolts are tighten with a torque wrench.Override: /,uvrad/ 超控 If the oxygen masks do not fall at 14,000ft, the Flight Engine

23、er overrides the automatic system.Exercises 沙场练兵Use the 50 verbs in this chapter to complete these sentences.1. _ the antenna carefully, sufficient to gain access to the connector.2. _ switch to TEST; _ that stick-shaker vibrates.3._ the unit with great care during removal; a shock may result in dam

24、age.4. Ensure that you _connectors and receptacles.5._ fuel tanker hose couplings to the two aircraft refuel/defuel couplings.Excises 沙场练兵Choose the word in the list below which has the same meaning as the words or expressions in 1-15.Preset rig de-activate mount close match comply mark fasten incre

25、ase remove shift apply cancel override let carry out reset connect1. join, attach, link_ 2.conform to_3.annul, suppress_ 4.verify_ 5.isolate, make inactive_ 6.display,indicate_ 7.give priority order_ 8.identify_Exercises 沙场点兵9.move laterally, longitudinally_10. move slowly and regularly_11.repositio

26、n_12.adjust, regulate flight control or engine cables_13. _ a belt, attach14. raise aircraft for wheel change or maintenance_15. shut_Contents 基础语法 词组顺序分类词汇简明英语The FoundationMovement-变动Bypass /baps/ 旁通In the event of overpressure, the filter is bypassed.Coil (around) /kl/绕圈The emergency rope is coil

27、ed around an inertial drum, or reel.Collapse /klps/ 垮掉、倒塌 If the safety sleeves are not mounted, the gear may collapse without hydraulic pressure.Movement-变动Deflect: /dflekt/偏转 The surface deflects 20 about the axis.Dismantle: /dsmntl/拆卸After removal, the assembly is dismantled for overhaul.Maneuver

28、: /mnuv/机动 Maneuver the flight controls with caution on the ground.Movement-变动Crank: /krk/转动After a wet start the engine is dry-cranked before a second attempt.Drift( from, away, off) / drft/偏离Strong crosswinds cause the aircraft to drift off course.Eject (from) /dekt/ 排出In the event of overpressure

29、, the disc is ejected.Movement-变动Impart( to, from):/mpt/分给、传递The beam imparts the strain to the box structure.Insert ( to) /nst/插入Insert the male plug into the socket.Protrude(from, above, below) /prou,trud/伸出、突出Overflow drains protrude from the side of the casing.Movement-变动Spin:/spin/ 转动The core s

30、pins at 10,500 R.P.M.Revolve(around, about, on, at) /rvlv/绕轴转The gyros revolve at a constant speed.Tilt(up, down, forwards, backwards, sideways)/tilt/The radar antenna can be tilted up or down.Connections 连接General ConnectionsConnected toInterconnected : The Capt. and F/O control columns are interco

31、nnected.Intersect : The two curves intersect at the critical point.Linked: (physical or radio)Related toConnections 连接Electrical ConnectionsInterface(systems, computers) : The DFDR interfaces the FDIU.On line: (connected to a power supply or a data network) The engine generator must come on line to

32、supply the aircraft network.Tied: (rope, cable, bus-bars): The BUS TIE push-button enables the main buses to be tied.Wired: the Wiring Diagram shows how the circuits are wired.Connections 连接Mechanical ConnectionsAttached: The overhead racks are attached to the ceiling.Clearance: (the distance betwee

33、n a moving object and another fixed object) Fan Blade clearance is the distance between the bottom of the engine and the ground.Fastened: (attached, secured, maintained in position) The seat belts are fastened during take-off and landing.Fitted: (precisely installed, mounted, permanent installation)

34、 The cross beams are fitted to the frames.Connections 连接Fixed: The Map Light is fixed to the flight deck wall on a bracket.Hang: For installation, the engine is hung from a hoist.Hinged( articulated on free-rotating connection) The rudder is hinged on the Vertical Stabilizer.Hooked:(by a hook or lat

35、ch) Installed:(most general)Mated:(jointed together, two matched surfaces connected) The wings are mated on the wing center box. Connections 连接Mounted ( installed+ on, under, above, below, over, etc.)Play (distance of free movement) The play in the mechanism must not exceed 3 mm.Spliced: (joined by

36、mixing or superimposing cables, structure, etc.) The cables were spliced to increase their length.Failure 故障Partial loss of functionEvent caused by a fault.Loss of an assembly, component or subsystemIncident affecting the aircraftDefectUnusual condition that could cause a failureMalfunctionIncorrect

37、 operationFaultIncident FailureAccidentFailure 故障Dangerous to health: poison, corrosivePhysical damage to a human being: cut, burn, fracture, etc.Death, loss of life, fatal accidentHazard A riskHarmful Injury FatalityFunctions 功用Happening 发生To occur, to take place, to happen, to recurDisengagement r

38、ecurred immediately after the pilot reset the engagement lever.In the event of, in case of = if there is In the event of a hydraulic system failure, the P.T.U. is used.Functions 功用IndicatingDisplay, indicate, read, reading, scaleRead of Climb is displayed/read on the V.S.I.There is a Glide Slope sca

39、le/display/reading on the ADI.Functions 功用Informing Notify, inform, advise, report, tellThe EFIS advises the crew of the status of the aircraft.InspectingExamine, inspect (overall viewing the general condition)Check(verify a particular value)investigateFunctions 功用Scan（依照原有程序进行一系列检查）Test (执行一系列测试确认是

40、否工作）CompositionComprise, consist ofThe assembly consists of G,H,I,J,K.IncludeBe made up ofBe broken down intoFunctions 功用Computing 计算Count Compute, reckonEstimate, evaluate, assessMaking Possible 使可能Provide, ensure, assure(give, furnish, make sure)Permit, allow, enable(make possible)Functions 功用Prev

41、ention 防止Avoid, preventThe center tank avoids making a “tech stop” for refueling on long flights.Equipping 安装Equip, fit, provide, mount, attachThe outflow valve is fitted with a vacuum relief diaphragm.Exercises 沙场练兵Complete each sentence with one of the words in this chapter.Eg. The LIGHTS control

42、panel is provided/fitted/equipped with a Dimming Knob.1._ the ground power phase sequence.2.The hydraulic system _ of 3 independent systems.3.The crew must_ their trip fuel.4._ the engines and APU have fire detection loops.Exercises 沙场练兵5. The secondary flight controls _ the spoilers.6.A valve on th

43、e wing undersurface_ the tanks to be drained.7.The Audio Control Panel is _ on the center pedestal.8._ pilot has an oxygen mask.9._ the night, the main gear wheels are chocked.10. The instinctive disconnect push-buttons _ the pilot to take over.Purposes 目的性 例句：排水活门被用来排水。1. The purpose of the_ is to_

44、.The purpose of the drain valve is to drain water.2. The_ is used/designed/made to_.The drain valve is used/designed/made to drain water.3.The _ is used/designed/ made for_ing.The drain valves are made for draining water.Purposes 目的性Act as, serve as+名词，serve to+动词The APU serves as a supplemental pow

45、er source when required in certain flight phases.Enable, permit, allow+名词A back-up unit allows constant monitoring.Provides+ 名词The oil system provides lubrication for the bearings.Exercise 沙场点兵练习：1.发动机就是用来提供升力的。The engine is designed to provide lift.The engine provides lift to the airplane for flyin

46、g.2.紧急情况时电池提供飞机电力。The batteries serve to supply electrical power in an emergency.When there is an emergency, the batteries are used to supply electrical power.Exercise 沙场点兵选用下列词汇完成以下句子Purpose, to, use, provides for, acts, enables, are1. The accelerometer is made_ monitoring engine vibrations.2. The

47、accelerometer is designed _monitor engine vibrations.3. The accelerometer is _ to monitor engine vibrations.4. The _ of the accelerometer is _ monitor engine vibrations.Exercise 沙场点兵5. The accelerometer _ as an engine vibration monitoring device.6.The accelerometer _ engine vibration monitoring.7. T

48、he accelerometer_ engine vibrations to be monitored.8.Engine vibrations _monitored by the accelerometer.Processes 过程Cause and effectResult in（+ing）导致A shorted resistor results in increased gain in the amplifier and causes an offset in the on-course readout.Thereby （+ing）以致Processes 过程The reduced vol

49、tage will not allow Zener diode CR2 to conduct, thereby removing all the AC voltage from the first and second amplifiers.SoA voltage divider provides the voltages necessary to forward bias CR21, so allowing the detector to operate in the linear portion of the characteristic curve of the diode.ProcessesThen 然后If the difference network in the monitor detects a differen