考研考博-英语-新疆工业职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆工业职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thestudentsareallfrom（

）countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.oriental

C.island

D.Christian

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”；oriental“东方的；东方人的”；island“岛的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：这些学生都来自东方国家，比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

众所周知，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)是英国著名的伟大作家，在很多国家，他的许多作品拥有众多读者。我想大家都看过他的著名作品《罗米欧与朱丽叶》（RomeoandJuliet),他们之间的爱情令人永生难忘。朱丽叶似乎舍不得罗米欧离开她，正像罗米欧不愿意离开他的朱丽叶一样，对于情人来说，最甜蜜的音乐就是他们在夜间互吐衷肠的声音。

我们每个人都应活在这个充满爱的世界里，因此，我们每时每刻都需要你的关爱、你的祈祷和鼓励。我们要相互尊重，相互帮助。我们必须珍惜人生，珍惜生命。因为生命对每个人来说都只有一次。所以我们都要过一种有意义的生活。如果人生的不幸降临到你的头上，请你也不要放弃，你一定要勇敢地生活，战胜疾病。幸福永远属于那些对生命执着追求的人。

【答案】Asisknowntoall,ShakespeareisafamousandgreatBritishwriter,withnumerousreadersinmanycountries.I’msurethateveryonehasalreadyreadhismasterpiece,RomeoandJuliet.ThelovebetweenRomeoandJulietisalwaysunforgettable.JulietseemstobereluctanttoletRomeogofromherasRomeoisunwillingtopartfromhisJuliet.Forlovers,thesweetestmusicisthesoundofeachother’stongueatnight.

Eachofusdeservestoliveinaworldoflove,soweneedyourlove,yourprayersandyourencouragement,mutualrespectandaidallthetime.Wemustcherishlife,forthereisonlyonelifeforeveryone.Therefore,thelifetimeshouldbespentinameaningfulway.Nomatterwhatkindofmisfortunebefallsyou,donotgiveup,instead,youmustlivebravelytoconquerdisease.Happinessalwaysbelongstothosewhopursuelifepersistently.

3.单选题

（

）threebasicissuesoffinancialbonds:corporations,states,andmunicipalities.

问题1选项

A.Someof

B.Thereare

C.Therebeing

D.Thoseofwhich

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据固定句型therebe“有”，表示存在，可排除A和D项，又因为整个句子缺主谓，所以不能用非谓语形式，可排除C项。句意：金融债券有三种基本发行方式:公司债券、国家债券和市政债券。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Ministersalsohopedthatemployerswouldcutoutovermanningandrootoutinefficiency,evenifthisledtoatemporary（

）inunemployment.

问题1选项

A.excess

B.surge

C.lure

D.spur

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excess“超过，过量”；B选项surge“汹涌；波涛；激增”；C选项lure“诱惑；饵”；D选项spur“马刺；鞭策；支线”。句意：部长们还希望雇主们能减少人员过剩，根除低效率，即使这会导致失业人数短暂······。句中“cutourovermanningandrootoutinefficiency（减少人员过剩，根除低效率）”会造成失业人口猛增，因此B选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是众多城市人中的一员，如果要做选择的话，我们宁愿住在远离大城市的尘土和噪音的乡村)。说明作者是在城里工作。

2.细节题。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推测B项(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推测C项(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推测D项(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故选A。

3.推断题。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown(住在一个小村庄里，购物是一个大问题，即使只是稍微特别的物品，人们也必须到附近大城镇去买),由此推测在乡村不容易买到的东西应是designerclothes。

4.推断题。第四段说:Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.’即他们一般还是比较敏感的...他们也把某些改变强加给当地农村居民。故选C项Arrogant（骄横的）比较合适。

5.推断题。最后一段:I’mkeenontheidea...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening,作者说他一点也不确定他的猫会接受新鲜空气，在长草中锻炼,并且在后面用猫来作了否定的答复。由此推测作者不会去农村生活。

6.单选题

Hemanagedto（）hiswayintoheraffection.

问题1选项

A.tail

B.worm

C.wolf

D.rocket

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项tail“尾随，装上尾巴”；B选项worm“使蠕动，使缓慢、曲折前进”；wormone’swayinto“隐藏真正的意图混入某个地区或组织，混入，费一番功夫打入”，例如：Hemanagetowormhiswayintoherlife.（他设法骗取信任进入了她的生活。）；C选项wolf“大吃，狼吞虎咽地吃”；D选项rocket”迅速增加，飞速移动”。句意：他设法赢得他的喜爱。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。

7.单选题

U.S.PresidentRonaldReaganhasaconvincingandheart-warmingsmile.

问题1选项

A.abewildering

B.apersuasive

C.afactitious

D.anempathetic

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.abewildering一个让人困惑的（微笑）B.apersuasive一个让人信服的（微笑）

C.afactitious一个虚假的（微笑）D.anempathetic一个共情的（微笑）

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】划线部分修饰的是smile“微笑”，并且与heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”并列，原词convincing“令人信服的”，因此，B选项apersuasive“一个让人信服的（微笑）”最符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项abewildering“一个让人困惑的（微笑）”，与heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”语义不搭，且不符合原句句意；

C选项afactitious“一个（虚假的）微笑”，与heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”语义不搭，且不符合原句句意；

D选项anempathetic“一个共情的（微笑）”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】美国总统罗纳德•里根（RonaldReagan）的笑容令人信服，令人感动。

8.单选题

TherapidgrowthofFlorida’scitieshascausedthestate’sroadsandhighwaystobecome（）.

问题1选项

A.wornout

B.impassable

C.congested

D.muffled

【答案】C

【解析】wornout疲惫不堪的,耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的,拥挤的；muffled听不清的,蒙住的。句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。

9.单选题

A(n)（

）testisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredatschool.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.intelligence

C.psychology

D.speed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：智力测试是对儿童学习能力的大致评估，尤其是对学校所要求的科目的学习能力。proficiency“熟练度”；intelligence“智力”；psychology“心理学”；speed“速度”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

问题1选项

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。inasadplight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofalorry.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持，支撑，承受”；C选项obtain“获得，流行”；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。

句意：很明显，这座木桥不够坚固，承受不了一辆卡车的重量。选项B符合句意。

12.翻译题

1.社会需要竞争，因为它的发展基于优胜劣汰。

2.在过去的十几年里，可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。

3.必须采取更严厉的措施来防止假冒伪劣产品充斥市场。

4.没有现代科技的运用，我们国家的工业、农业和国防现代化的实现是难以想象的。

5.我们正享受着前所未有的生产力，但这并不意味着我们有权利奢侈浪费。

【答案】1.TheSocietyneedscompetitionbecauseitsdevelopmentisbasedontheprincipalofthesurvivalofthefittest.

2.Inthelastdecadeorso,perhapsnoothertopichasreceivedmoreattentionfrommanagementresearchersthantheartofleadership.

3.Moreseveremeasuresmustbetakentopreventfakeandinferiorproductsfromfloodingintothemarket.

4.Withouttheapplicationofmodernscienceandtechnology,themodernizationofourcountry’sindustry,agricultureandnationaldefenseisbeyondimagination.

5.Weareenjoyingunprecedentedlevelsofproductivity,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatwehavetherighttobeextravagant.

13.单选题

MRBROWNTall,attractiveman,single,aged30.Outdoortype,sports-loving.Playsfootball,tennisandsquash.Enjoysswimmingandskiing.Beerdrinker.PEinstructoratboys’school.

MRGREENUnemployed,unmarried,undernourishedEnglishLit.graduate,aged23.Indoortype,plays‘DungeonsandDragons’andanyotherrole-playingadventuregames.Enjoysrockandjazzrecordsandsci-fifilmsandbooks.LivesinLondon.

MRBLACKMaturemanof50,recentlywidowedwithonesonof15.Ownbusinessandhome.Enjoysbridge,Frenchfoodandgoodclaret.Verysociable,likesentertainingandtravel.Citydweller

MRWHITEQuiet,shy,peace-lovingman,aged35.Divorced,non-smoker.Ecologist,livesandworksinthecountry.Enjoyschess,walkingandreading.Likeseighteenth-centuryclassicalmusicanddrywhitewine.Dislikesnoiseandenergeticsports.

1.Whichonewouldmostprobablyappealtoayoungwomanof25whodoesn’tlikelivingintownandwhoenjoysplayingsports?

2.Mr.Blackismostlikelytobeattractedto（）.

3.WhichofthesewomenstudentswouldprobablyfindMr.Greeninteresting?

4.Whichonewouldmostprobablyappealtoawomanof30whousedtobeavolleyballplayerandnowisarefereeofthegame?

5.Whatkindofpublicationmightthesepeopleadvertisein?

问题1选项

A.Mr.Brown.

B.Mr.Black.

C.Mr.Green.

D.Mr.White.

问题2选项

A.anattractivewidowwhoisveryshy

B.afun-loving,intelligentwoman

C.aprettywomanwhohatestravelling

D.abusinesswomanwhoisastrictvegetarian

问题3选项

A.Alawstudentwhoitverylogicalandpractical.

B.Adreamy,romanticmusicstudentwhodislikespopmusic.

C.Anenergetic,sociologystudent,interestedinpolitics.

D.Anamusing,carefreeartstudentwhoisfun-loving.

问题4选项

A.Mr.Brown.

B.Mr.Black.

C.Mr.Green.

D.Mr.White.

问题5选项

A.Aqualitydailynewspaper.

B.Abusinessmagazine.

C.Apopularweeklymagazine.

D.Atradejournal.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章对MRBROWN的介绍：三十岁，单身，又高又有魅力，性格外向，爱好运动。这些都符合25岁女性的选择，因此选项A符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。文章对MRBLACK的介绍是这样的：50岁，丧妻，有一个15岁的儿子；有自己的公司和家，喜欢桥牌、法国食物和红酒；善于交际，喜欢娱乐和旅行；城市居民。可以推测出“聪明有趣的女人”会吸引他的注意。选项B符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。文章对MRGREEN的介绍是这样的：没有工作，没有结婚，英国文学素养不高的23岁毕业生；性格内向，喜欢玩“龙与地下城”及其他冒险类游戏；喜欢摇滚和爵士唱片，科幻电影和书籍；居住在伦敦。由此可知和他具有相同爱好的女学生会对他比较感兴趣，因此选项D“有趣，无忧无虑，喜欢有趣的东西的艺术生”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章对MRBROWN的介绍中提到他是“男子学校的体育教练”（PEinstructoratboys’school），与题干中的“avolleyballplayer”以及“arefereeofthegame”很匹配，因此选项A符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。文章是一篇征婚交友启事，因此刊登在“流星周刊”合适，选项C符合题意。

14.写作题

Inthepastfewyears,severalplagiarism（抄袭,剽窃）caseshavebeenexposedinChina.Someinvolveprofessorsandfamousscholarswhilesomeothersinvolvegraduatestudentswhoareworkingasresearchers.Pleasewriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonyourattitudetowardsplagiarism.Youmayalsoillustrateyouropiniononacademicintegrity（正直）andgivesuggestionsonhowtopreserveitintheacademicworld.

【答案】Plagiarism15.单选题

Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam（）tocarryingouttheplan.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.engaged

C.obliged

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语搭配。beresolvedto“决心……”；beengagedin“忙于做……”；beobligedto“不得不；有义务”；becommittedto“致力于……”。Since引导了一个原因状语从句，“由于已经来不及改变主意了”，所以空格处所在的句子表示“执行这个计划”，因此选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowwellhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttorulersbyancientwriters,whorelatedhowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregiventoChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andwhenthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist,ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbegood;butastheyarebad;andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.

1.Theauthorofthepassagedoesnotbelievethat（

）.

2.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare

（

）.

3.Thefox,inthispassage,is

（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust

（

）.

5.Thewriterwouldapproveanunsuccessfulpoliticalcandidate（

）.

问题1选项

A.peoplecanprotectthemselves

B.thetruthmakesmenfree

C.leadershavetobeconsistent

D.princesatehuman

问题2选项

A.toiltrusting

B.strongandcareful

C.reliantonforce

D.lackinginintelligence

问题3选项

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhistrick

D.consideredworthless

问题4选项

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

问题5选项

A.gaveupallhisopportunities

B.promisedtotryagainnexttime

C.overthrewthegovernmentbyforce

D.toldthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为……”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps;andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是……”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该……”。文章提到“当守诚信会让自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人……”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。

17.单选题

IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea（

）sothatfoodcanmove.

问题1选项

A.truth

B.trace

C.truce

D.trap

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。truth意为“真理”；trace意为“痕迹，踪迹”；truce意为“休战”；trap意为“陷阱，诡计”。

句意：如果美国人的和平会谈使政党团结，他们的第一要务是安排休战，这样食品才能运输。

18.单选题

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

问题1选项

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

问题2选项

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

问题3选项

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

问题4选项

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇科技性的文章，从文中内容可知，作者是在讲外部环境和遗传是互补的因素，主要是为了说明两个生物和遗传学中重要的概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“习惯”(habit)，以及它们之间相互的关系。选项A“昆虫的进化”可以排除掉，文章的主题显然不是讨论昆虫的进化。选项C“教育：环境的影响”，D“动物的本能”都分别是文章讨论的一个侧面，也可以排除。所以应该选B“环境和遗传”，从全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明确表现出文章“环境和遗传”这一主题。

59.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。本题可参照第一段中间一句话ifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions…ordiesinhelplessinactivity（如果这样一个孤独的动物在一连串的行动中被打断，它要么徒劳地继续剩下的行动……要么在无助的无为中死去），从中可知，蚁狮会执著地做出本能的反应。因此A项“当它参与连锁行动时它不能受到干扰”为正确答案。B项“动物的本能会导致动物在陌生的情况下做出不合理的反应”，C项“环境和遗传在昆虫进化中是两个补充因素”，D项“沿着进化方向遗传作用变小环境变得更为重要”，皆与文章不符。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段最后一句Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,…（一只织网的蜘蛛在挖洞的时候，用沙砾和木屑筑起一个堡垒，当它从一个半成品的家里搬走时，它不会再开始……），可知当一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作进行到一半的时候，到了一个新的环境，它不会重新开始修建另一个巢穴，而是会继续完成一个半成品的巢穴，这是动物的本能的反映。依此类推，当人们把一只蜘蛛从一个织了一半的网上拿到另外一个织了一半的网上的时候，它显然会在本能的驱使下把那个织了一半的网完成。因此C项“继续织剩下的网”，为正确答案。A项“开始织一个完整的网”，B项“摧毁织了一半的网”，D项“远离网”，均不符合文意。

61.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。可从第二段最后一句Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm（习惯，而不是天生的现成的（当它们被称为本能而不是习惯的时候），