考研考博-英语-宿州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宿州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations启发；阐释D.reproductions复制品

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】空格前that引导一个定语从句，先行词是novel，这里mirror做动词表反映，意思为反映世界的小说；空格后of短语做后置定语，表示所代表事实的……；根据句意，应该是反映世界的小说是所代表事实的反映。这两处应该相对应。综上所述，A选项reflections“反射”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“反映”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；

C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；

D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。

【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说的确反映了它们所代表的现实。

2.单选题

Whenwefinally______togethomeafterthetiringlongjourney,wecouldhardlymoveastepfurther.

问题1选项

A.tried

B.succeeded

C.managed

D.endeavored

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项try“尝试”，tryto表示“试着，设法”；B项succeed“成功，继任”，succeedto表示“继承，继任，接着发生”；C项manage“管理，控制”，manageto表示“设法做”；D项endeavor“努力，尽力”，endeavorto表示“努力做，致力做”。根据空格前后的句意“当我们在疲惫的长途旅行后回家”猜测，空格部分表示“设法回到家”，B、D选项可排除；A选项强调动机或动作，但结果并不明确；C选项强调成功这种结果；所以C项更符合句意。句意：经过漫长劳累的旅行，我们终于到家了，几乎一步也挪不动了。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

问题1选项

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这匹黑马更强壮。

语法题。考查比较级。当要特指两者中“较（更）”时，比较级前通常要带定冠词，此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one，即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。pair的词义是“一对”或“一双”，即在“两者”中进行比较。因此，此处应该使用thestronger。

4.单选题

Thisyearwilldifficultforthisorganizationbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.theyhavelessmoneyandvolunteersthantheyhadlastyear

B.ithaslessmoneyandfewervolunteersthanithadlastyear

C.thelastyearitdidnothaveasfewvolunteersandmoney

D.therearefewermoneyandvolunteersthaninthelastyeartherewere

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。因为little修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词，money为不可数名词，volunteer为可数名词，选项A、C和D可排除，又因为句子表示比较所以用比较级less和fewer表示更少的。句意：今年对于组织来说会是困难的一年，因为资金和志愿者都比去年更少了。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

问题2选项

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

问题3选项

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

问题4选项

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

问题5选项

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“通过引用诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔的例子，作者想表明……”。根据第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad（但他们却选择关注那些感觉糟糕的情感）和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.（最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适合表达快乐的。但从19世纪开始，越来越多的艺术家开始认为快乐是无意义的、虚假的，或者是最糟糕的，无聊的，就像我们从华兹华斯的水仙花到波德莱尔的恶之花。）可知，艺术家开始关注那些令人不快的情感，但最早的艺术形式都适合表达快乐，只是19世纪的某个时候，当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时，越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的，虚假的，甚至是令人厌倦的；因此，可推断出“艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点”。故D项“艺术家们已经改变了他们的兴趣焦点”符合题意。A项“诗歌不像绘画或音乐那样能表达快乐”，文中没有将诗歌、绘画和音乐对于快乐的表现力进行比较，因此不选；B项“艺术产生于积极和消极的情感”，这个选项没有错误，但不是文章引用诗人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表达的内容，所以不选；C项“今天的诗人较少怀疑幸福”，文中没有提到诗人，该项错误；故该题选D。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义猜测题。题干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根据题干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（早期时候的人，生活被苦难包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽，生活几乎没有保障，寿命很短。在西方，在大众传媒和识字之前，最强大的大众媒体是教堂时刻提醒信徒，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为虫子的食物。考虑到这一切，他们并不需要他们那些艺术也能令人扫兴。），前面提到了早期人们生活的苦难，从最后too这个词语可知他们不再需要增加一个令他们不快乐的事物；因此这里的“bummer”是表示不快乐的事情，即somethingunpleasant。A项“宗教的”，文章提到教堂只是举例说明早期人们生活的苦难；C项“令人愉快的”与文章不符；D项“商业的”这一段没有提到；故该题选B项“不愉快的”正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“在作者的观点中，广告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.（广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现，并伴随着它的出现，在这种商业文化中，幸福不仅仅是一种理想，而是一种意识形态），由此可知，作者认为广告并没有创造幸福，而是创造了幸福的意识形态；因此D项“创造幸福的幻觉，而不是幸福本身”符合题意；A项“是在反快乐艺术之后出现的”，文章说到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia（广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现），所以它们是同时出现的，因此该项错误；B项“是导致公众失望的原因”和C项“取代教会作为主要的信息来源”文中没有提到；故该题选D。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“从文章最后一段我们可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者讲述的是在今天这样一个快乐唾手可得的年代，我们必须记住一点，那就是，只有在面临巨大的失败和失望的风险后取得的才是真正的快乐；而今天我们需要艺术告诉我们死亡的象征，就像宗教曾经告诉我们的那样，那就是反快乐文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（这是一个比丁香香烟更苦涩的信息，但不知怎的，却是一股新鲜空气），由此可以推断作者是想表达反快乐的艺术是令人不悦但却令人耳目一新；故B项“反快乐的艺术是令人不快的，但令人耳目一新”为正确选项。A项“幸福往往以悲伤告终”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意图，作者只是说宗教提醒人们各种痛苦的存在，而不是说幸福都会以悲伤告终；C项“痛苦应该被享受，而不是被拒绝”，文章中作者只是说人们需要接受痛苦，而不是说享受痛苦；D项“当经济繁荣时，反快乐的艺术繁荣起来”过度解读，故该题选B。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项是正确的？”。根据文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.（在西方，在大众传媒和识字之前，最强大的大众媒体是教堂时刻提醒信徒，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为虫子的食物）可知A项“宗教曾经起到提醒痛苦的作用”正确；B项“艺术提供了期望和现实之间的平衡”，文章提到艺术表达的往往是糟糕的情感或者反快乐，作者表达人们正是需要这种反快乐去时刻提醒自己真正的快乐是什么，并没有提到艺术能够提供现实和期望的平衡，有点过度曲解；C项“人们对现代社会的现实感到失望”没有提到，所以不选；D项“大众媒体倾向于报道灾难和死亡”，文章倒数第二段第一句提到TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.（今天，普通西方人周围的信息不是宗教的，而是商业的，永远快乐），所以大众媒体传达的是一种幸福的思想，因此该项错误。故该题选A。

6.单选题

Verbalarthastheabilitytoshapeoutacompellinginnerversioninsomeskillfullycratedpublicverbalform.

问题1选项

A.joyful

B.intricate

C.competing

D.forceful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干compelling“不可抗拒的；令人信服的”。A项“高兴的；快乐的”，B项“错综复杂的”，C项“相互冲突的；相互矛盾的”，D项“强有力的；有说服力的”。因此只有D项符合。句意：言语艺术有能力以一种技巧娴熟的公开言语形式塑造出引人入胜的内部版本。

7.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

问题4选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题5选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度赞扬在这片新土地上所能找到的自由和机会。可知D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”正确。

2.语义题。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的进步同步”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。可知一个人的回报与其付出成正比，付出越多，回报越大。故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales。霍雷肖•阿尔杰(HoratioAlger)是一位为小男孩写小说的作家，他的白手起家的故事成为美国最畅销的作家。可知Horatio是凭借自己的劳动从白手起家到成功致富的人。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神话甚至已经侵入了我们的人际关系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事业中取得成功一样重要。”可知美国人追求生活各方面的成功。故B项正确。

5.细节事实题。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。由此可知美国文化当中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面却希望将自己与别人区分开来，美国人追求的与其信仰冲突，故D项正确。

8.单选题

Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)

Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.

Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.

Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”

83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.

84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.

85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.

86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?

问题1选项

A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision

B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference

C.areakindofadministrativetask

D.relyonjudgmentorintuition

问题2选项

A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself

B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment

C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused

D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome

问题3选项

A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes

B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior

C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord

问题4选项

A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.

B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.

C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.

D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】83.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到划线句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.（社会秩序的官僚模式寻求“排除与行政任务明显无关的价值或偏好问题，并将依赖不可复制、不可审查的判断或直觉视为一种非常没有吸引力的决策方法”）可知官僚模式将直觉视为决策方法，选A选项“不考虑价值或偏好，而是依靠判断或直觉做决定”；B选项“与价值或偏好无关”，C选项“是一种行政任务”以及D选项“依靠判断或直觉”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。

84.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.（毕竟，正如波斯纳法官所说，“几乎没有法律的结果是一个非常熟练的法律分析师不能用法律粉饰掩盖的”，至少“当法律是不确定的和情绪激动的时候”）可知选C选项“法律是不确定的和情绪激动的”；A选项“一个真正有技巧的法律分析师总能掩饰自己”，B选项“一个有经验的法官总能为他的判决找到合法的理由”以及D选项“法律粉饰可以掩盖法律结果”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

85.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges，andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”（“随着审判率的下降，公众对纠纷、法官行为和公众对不和谐的规范反应的了解也会减少。”）可知C选项“在公众场合形成对不和谐的规范反应”原文未涉及；A选项“减少公众对纠纷的认识”，B选项“减少关于法官行为的公共信息”以及D选项“公众意识的削弱，在公众中伪造对不和谐的规范反应”原文有提及。因此C选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.（因此，从审判的消失中出现的严峻景象是一个官僚化的世界，在这个世界上，案件的运行是由一个不负责任的机制进行的，而剩下的案件则是“在法律不确定的情况下，由法官未经训练的主观性或政治承诺引起的情绪”所影响）可知D选项“官僚决策将是合格的”不会发生；A选项“形式主义的裁决模式不合格”，B选项“公司官僚机构将变得不那么合格”以及C选项“人们将不得不更完全地依赖行政机构”都会发生。因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

InthemonthsandyearsthatfollowedasItraversedtheNorthwestPassage,Icametoacceptsuchsurprisesascommonplace.

问题1选项

A.passedover

B.passedaway

C.passedon

D.passedacross

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。traverse表示“穿过，来回移动”；A项passover“越过，忽略”，B项passaway“去世，停止”，C项passon“传递，继续下去”，D项passacross“横穿”。句意：在接下来的几个月和几年里，当我穿越西北航道时，我渐渐接受了这样的惊喜，认为这是司空见惯的事。根据句意该题选D。

10.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relation”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkersandemployeesareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bypsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorscreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortothe19th-century“free-enterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason一aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasameanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）.

3.Thosewhoareonthehighersocialladderwouldfeelmorepeacefulandsecureiftheycould（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbebestsummarizedasoneofthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

C.ahumblecomponent