考研考博-英语-山东工业职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东工业职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea（）visittotheirs.

问题1选项

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近义词辨析。Bilateral“双边的、双方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相应的”，considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，rewarding“有益的”。句意：11月份美国学生来我校参观，我们也要参观他们的学校。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。Enhance“加强”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使满足”；nullify“使无效，作废”。句意：为了满足人们对冒险的渴望，他们想出了许多高科技电子游戏。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theywereproudoftheircuisine.

B.Theywereparticularaboutfood.

C.Theywereallgoodatcooking.

D.Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.

问题2选项

A.Hisparents.

B.Hisparents’friends.

C.Hisfriends.

D.Hisschoolmates.

问题3选项

A.Nooneofthegroupateit.

B.Itwasalittleovercooked.

C.Noteawasservedwiththemeal.

D.ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.

问题4选项

A.Itwasfullofexcitement.

B.Itwasratherdisappointing.

C.Itwasariskyexperience.

D.Itwasreallyextraordinary.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Guesswhat?TheworstfoodIeverhadwasinFrance.

W:Really?That’sodd.[1]IthoughttheFrenchwereallgoodcooks.

M:Yes,that’sright.Isupposeit’sreallylikeanywhereelsethough.Youknow,someplacesaregood,somebad.Butit’sreallyallourownfault.

W:Whatdoyoumean?

M:Well,itwasthefirsttimeI’dbeentoFrance.ThiswasyearsagowhenIwasatschool.[2]Iwenttherewithmyparents’friendsfrommyfather’sschool.TheyhiredacoachtotakethemtoSwitzerland.

W:Aschooltrip?

M:Right.Mostofthemhadneverbeenabroadbefore.We’dcrossedtheEnglishChannelatnightandwesetoffthroughFranceandbreakfasttimearrived,andthecoachdriverhadarrangedforustostopatthislittlecafe.Thereweallweretiredandhungryandthenwemadeagreatdiscovery.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:Baconandeggs.

W:Fantastic!TherealEnglishbreakfast.

M:Yes,anywaywedidn’tknowanybetter—sowehadit,andugh…!

W:Whatwasitlike?Disgusting?

M:Ah,itwasincredible.Theyjustgotabowlandputsomefatinit.Andthentheyputsomebaconinthefat,brokeaneggoverthetopandputthewholelotintheovenforabouttenminutes.

W:Intheoven?You’rejoking.Youcan’tcookbaconandeggsintheoven!

M:Well,theymusthavedoneitthatway.Itwashot,butitwasn’tcooked.Therewasjustthiseggfloatingaboutingallonsoffatandrawbacon.

W:[3]Didyouactuallyeatit?

M:[3]No,nobodydid.Theyallwantedtoturnroundandgohome.Youknow,backtoteabagsandfishandchips.Youcan’tblamethemreally.Anyway,thenextnightwewereallgivenanotherforeignspeciality.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:[4]Snails——thatreallyfinishedthemoff.Lovelyholidaythatwas!

1.WhatdidthewomanthinkoftheFrench?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问女士认为法国人怎么样？录音开头，男士对女士说他吃过最糟糕的食物是在法国，女士听后表示惊讶，因为她认为法国人都是很好的厨师。C选项“法国人都很擅长烹饪食物”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“他们对自家的烹饪感到自豪”；B选项“他们对食物很讲究”和D选项“他们喜欢培根和鸡蛋”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

2.WhodidthemantravelwithonhisfirsttriptoSwitzerland?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问男士第一次去瑞士的时候是和谁一起去的？录音中提及男士第一次去法国是跟随他父母的朋友一起去的。因此B选项“他父母的朋友”正确。A选项“他的父母”和C选项“他的明友”均是利用录音中个别字词断章取义；D选项“他的同学”是利用录音中的whenIwasatschool设置的干扰项，也可排除。

3.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebreakfastatthelittleFrenchcafe?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于法国小咖啡馆的早餐，男士说了些什么？男士描述了那家法国小咖啡馆如何烹饪培根和鸡蛋后，女士问男士到底有没有吃上这道菜，男士马上说没有人愿意吃。因此A选项“没有人吃它”正确。B选项“它煮得有点久”在录音中并没有提及；C选项“用餐时没有配上茶水”只是利用录音中的teabags作干扰，录音中并没有提及是否配有茶水，因此可排除；D选项“它是真正的英式早餐”，在录音中确实有出现，但这是女士的观点并不是男士提出来的，不符合题意，因此也可排除。

4.WhatdidthemanthinkofhisholidayinFrance?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问男士认为他在法国的假期怎么样？在录音的最后，男士感叹道：“真是个美好的假期啊！”但是根据前面录音男士对那次法国之旅的一系列描述来看，那个假期给他留下的印象并不是很好。由此可知，他最后说的那句实际上是反话。因此，B选项“它相当令人失望”正确。A选项“它实在令人兴奋”；C选项“它是一个冒险的经历”和D选项“它真的很特别”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

4.单选题

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

问题1选项

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:经过几次谈话，双方都认为这个领土纷争已经解决了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone将某事看做已经完成了的事。因此选D项。

5.单选题

Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.irregular

C.deformed

D.distorted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项twistedadj.扭曲的；B选项irregularadj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根据humanvoice可知，D项符合搭配。句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。

6.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案：C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语，分析句子可知从句中缺少主语，因此将that改为what。

7.翻译题

Incomparisonwiththehumanworldofpasttimes,ourworldishighlycomplex.Becauseofitshighlydevelopedcommunications,eventsineverypartoftheglobeandofhumansocietyarecloselyinterconnected.Therearenoisolateddisastersandthereisnoprogressthatdoesnothelptheprogressofall.

Thissituationisreflectedinthemindsofmen.Thecontentsofmen'smindshavealsobecomeworldwideinscopeandcomplexity.Itisnotenoughforaman,seekingthewelfareofhisownpeopleandcountry,toconsiderhisdomesticsituationinrelationtohisimmediateneighbors.Worldtrendsencompasseveryoneofus,anditisbyparticipatinginthemandcontributinginthemthatweinfluenceourownfuture.Thehighesttaskbeforemen'smindstodayistounderstand,tofightagainsttheforcesofregressionanddeath,tostrengthenandconvertintorealitythepossibilitywhichourworldoffers,asnopreviousworldhasoffered,forafullerlifeforallmen.

【答案】和过去的人类世界相比，我们今天的世界太复杂了。由于通讯高度发达，地球上每一个角落和人类社会的各个部分发生的事情都紧密相连。没有与世隔绝的荒原，也没有哪一项进步不有益于全世界的进步。

这种情况反应到人的头脑中。人们思维的内容就其视野及复杂性来说也涉及世界范围。对于为自己的人民和国家谋福利的人来说，只把本国情况对照四周的近邻加以考虑是不够的。世界的潮流席卷着我们当中的每一个人，参加到这个潮流中并为之出一份力量，我们正是以这样的方式影响着我们自己的未来。人们思维所面临的最崇高任务，是以认识退化和死亡并与之斗争，加强以前世界未能提供、而我们今天的世界提供了的可能性并使之变为现实，以使所有人的生活内容更加丰富。

8.单选题

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

问题1选项

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto响应,回答,对...有反应；incontrastto与...形成对照；选项A和D无此用法。句意:船舶设计和建造方法的发展是为了应对贸易中遇到的挑战。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Thestudent,（）atthewaythequestionwasputforward,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.

问题1选项

A.tosurprise

B.surprised

C.surprising

D.tobesurprised

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语“thestudent”和动词“surprise”之间是被动关系，所以本题应该选B选项：surprised。句意：这个学生对问题提出的方式感到惊讶，不知道如何回答。综上所述，B选项正确。

10.单选题

Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but（）themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.

问题1选项

A.presently

B.summarily

C.seriously

D.hesitantly

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析。句意：这些基因技术可能在未来会有很大的发展，但是应该讨论的是道德和社会问题。因为一旦发明了这种技术，就很难停止或控制。presently目前；summarily即刻地；seriously严肃地；hesitantly迟疑地。因此，A项符合句意。

11.翻译题

人类是一个不断自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的进程自45亿年前地球形成以来就一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

12.单选题

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项permutable“可排列的；能交换的”；C选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。

13.单选题

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈论)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

问题2选项

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

问题3选项

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

问题4选项

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

问题5选项

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈论的开创性工作获得诺贝尔奖。”选项A符合原文。

第2题:语义题。根据第三段的内容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介绍了一些全新的东西。他引起了理论经济学家的注意。他们把博弈论变成了一种工具。由此可知，这里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以选项A正确。

第3题:判断推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”离婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯顿。而不是送了一套房子给他，所以选项A错误；根据倒数第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世纪50年代的心理学家们声称，他妻子的怀孕让他陷入了崩溃的边缘。但原文并没有说这是导致他精神崩溃的原因，所以选项B错误；再根据倒数第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”虽然英文表达为感叹句，但其实这里应该翻译为：将责任归因于一位因精神崩溃的丈夫而背负巨大压力的女性真的好吗？潜在意思是说，这是不公平的，所以选项C错误，选项D正确。

第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后几句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”与此同时，博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具。相关领域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意义的研究成果。最后，Nash获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。由此可知，是因为Nash的博弈论已经成为商业和经济学的主要工具，所以他获得的是诺贝尔经济奖。选项B正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是Nash的一生。他虽然精通数学领域，但他获得的却是诺贝尔经济奖。所以选项A和B错误；选项D“讲述Nash是如何战胜精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以选项D错误；选项C为正确答案。

14.翻译题

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要说什么的话，家庭是世代之间的纽带，是社会再生产和文化传播的焦点。婚姻的全部意义在于它强加了它的明确的义务，而不仅仅是追求自己幸福的权利。它主要的职责是为孩子们提供情感和实际的培养。激情燃烧的光芒可能已经消退，你对配偶的爱可能不像过去那么令人兴奋或满足，但去寻找另一种爱对你的孩子没有帮助。对于孩子来说，爱的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不稳定。如果这种关系不再满足他们对完美幸福的追求，成年人就会继续前进。我敢说，爱不足以维持一段持续的婚姻关系。爱的家庭，最终，不必在意。不受约束的自由将成为我们的枷锁，使我们没有任何依靠，只有孤独和孤立。

15.问答题

Atthesametime,however,someoftheseapplicationsthreatento(A)unleashforces(B)whichwehavenocontrol.Inotherwords,thenewtechnologyMannowbelievesthatallowshimtodominatethiswidercosmoscouldwellbeaFrankensteinmonsterwaitingto(C)turnonitsmaster.Thisisanentirelynewsituationthatpromisestochangemanyoftheperceptions(D)governinglifeontheplanet.

【答案】B；“which”前添加“over”。

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，与此同时，有些应用可能释放出我们无法控制的力量。换句话说，人们现在所相信的能让他们统治这个广阔宇宙的新技术很可能会变成一个等待着攻击其主人的科学怪人。这是一个全新的局面，有望改变地球上许多关于生命掌控的概念。句中“which”引导定语从句修饰先行词“forces”，因为定语从句的完整表达为“wehavenocontrolovertheforces”，所以关系代词“which”前需添加介词“over”共同引导定语从句，介词“over”和先行词“force”存在介宾关系。

16.单选题

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

问题1选项

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:下周就要考试了，我要利用周末时间好好看看书。

catchupon弥补不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup伪造，化妆;pickup提高（速度），加快（节奏）。因此D项符合句意。

17.翻译题

除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成是宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆盖。在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。因为我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，什么地方都有。然而部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费，在当今世界的许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。它已经是一个不可置之不理的严重问题。

【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Seventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Inthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanairandcanfindwatereverywhere.However,partlybecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,andpartlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcannotbeignored.

18.单选题

Mostpeoplechoosea（）lawyeronthebasisofsuchconsiderationashispost,hisfieldofexpertise,andthefeeshecharges.

问题1选项

A.humanistic

B.irrelevant

C.personal

D.pragmatic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：大多数人会选择一个的律师，基于他的岗位、专业经验和支付费用等进行考虑。humanistic人性的；irrelevant不相干的；personal私人的；pragmatic实际的，实用主义的。故选D。

19.单选题

Thearticleinsinuatedthattheofficialwasbribed.

问题1选项

A.deniedpositively

B.statedflatly

C.arguedconvincingly

D.suggestedindirectly

【答案】D

【解析】insinuate意为暗示。deniedpositively明确否认；statedflatly平平的陈述；arguedconvincingly令人信服地论证；suggestedindirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。

20.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季风）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蚀）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（动植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A项(动植物生长模式),B项(高原藏族的食物和食物准备模式),C项(典型藏族社会的社会家庭组织)都是文中提到的不寻常的特征或情况。

2.主旨大意题。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社会体制及其形成的生态原因。

3.推断题。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的观点,由此推测作者对西藏的知识应该是从书本中获得。

4.细节题。由第一段得知Montesquieu认为如果同一地区的土壤和气候相同，那么其文化也应该相同。故选C。

5.细节题。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期结束后，只有少数现存于原始大陆物种生命),故选A。

21.单选题

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesof