考研考博-英语-安徽文达信息工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽文达信息工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hesaiditwasimportantthateverymember（）hissubscriptionbytheendofthemonth.

问题1选项

A.sends

B.end

C.sent

D.hadsent

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他说，重要的是每个会员都要在月底前提交注册资料。

考查常用句型。在itisimportantthat引导的句型中，后面的从句谓语动词应该用should(可省略)+动词原形。

2.不定项选择题

SoutheastAsiahasauniqueabundanceanddiversityofglidinganimals,flyingsquirrels,flyingfrogs,andflyinglizardswithwingsofskinthatenablethemtoglidethroughthetropicalforest.Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.ButwhatisspecialaboutSoutheastAsianrainforests?

ScientistshaveproposedvarioustheoriestoexplainthediversityofglidinganimalsinSoutheastAsia.Thefirsttheorymightbecalledthetall-treeshypothesis.TheforestsofSoutheastAsiaaretallerthanforestselsewhereduetothedominationofthedipterocarp(龙脑香料树)family:afamilyoftall,tropicalhardwoodtrees.Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.Thisargumenthasseveralflaws,however.First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.

Asecondtheory,whichwemightcallthebroken-foresthypothesis,speculatesthatthetoplayeroftheforest-thetreecanopyhasfewerwoodyvinesconnectingtreecrownsinSoutheastAsianforeststhaninNewWorldandAfricanforests.Asaresult,animalsmustriskdescendingtothegroundorglidetomovebetweentrees.Inaddition,thetreecanopyispresumedtobemoreuneveninheightinAsianforests,duetothepresenceofthetalldipterocarptreeswithlowertreesbetweenthem,againfavoringglidinganimals.Yetecologistswhoworkindifferentregionsoftheworldobservetremendouslocalvariationintreeheight,canopystructure,andabundanceofvines,dependingonthesiteconditionsofsoil,climate,slopeelevation,andlocaldisturbance.OnecanfindmanylocationsinSoutheastAsiawherethereareabundantwoodyvinesandnumerousconnectionsbetweentreesandsimilarlymanyAmazonianforestswithfewwoodyvines.

Afinaltheorydiffersfromtheothersinsuggestingthatitisthepresenceofdipterocarptreesthemselvesthatisdrivingtheevolutionofglidingspecies.(A)Accordingtothisview.Dipterocarpforestscanbefood-desertsfortheanimalsthatliveinthem.(B)Theanimalslivingindipterocarpforeststhathaveevolvedglidingconsistoftwomainfeedinggroups:leafeatersandcarnivoresthatcatsmallpreysuchasinsectsandsmallvertebrates.(C)Forleaf-eatinggliderstheproblemisnottheabsenceofanyleavesbutthedesert-likeabsenceofedibleleaves.Dipterocarptreesoftenaccountfor50percentormoreofthetotalnumberofcanopytreesinaforestandover95percentofthelargetrees,yetdipterocarpleavesareunavailabletomostvertebrateplanteatersbecauseofthehighconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsintheirleaves.(D)Manyspeciesofglidinganimalsavoideatingdipterocarpleavesandsomusttravelwidelythroughtheforest,bypassingthedipterocarptrees,tofindtheleavestheyneedtoeat.Andglidingisamoreefficientmanneroftravelingbetweentreesthandescendingtothegroundandwalkingorelsejumpingbetweentrees.

Manycarnivorousanimalsalsomayneedtosearchmorewidelyforfoodduetothelowerabundanceofinsectsandotherprey.Thisiscausedbydipterocarp’irregularfloweringandfruitingcyclesoftwo-toseven-yearintervals,causingascarcityoftheflowers,fruits,seeds,andseedlingsthatarethestartingpointofsomanyfoodchains.Thelowerabundanceofpreyindipterocarpforestsforcesanimalssuchaslizardsandgeckostomovebetweentreecrownsinsearchoffood,withglidingbeingthemostefficientmeans.

61.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatquestionaboutglidingspeciesareresearcherstryingtoanswer?

62.Accordingtoparagraph1,itisgenerallythoughtthattheabilitytoglideisusefultoforest-dwellingspeciesbecausegliding______.

63.Theword“scattered”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto______.

64.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph2insupportofthetall-treeshypothesisEXCFPT:______.

65.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesthatpointtoflawsinthetall-treehypothesis,accordingtoparagraph2.Toreceivecredit,youmustSelectTWOanswers.

问题1选项

A.WhyittookmillionsofyearsforglidinganimalstoevolveinthetropicalforestsofSoutheastAsia.

B.Whyglidinganimals,thoughrareinmosttropicalforests,haveevolvedinsomanydifferentfamiliesinSoutheastAsia.

C.WhyglidinganimalevolvedinmanytropicalforestsinSoutheastAsiabeforetheyevolvedinanyofthetropicalforestselsewhereintheworld.

D.Whyglidinganimalsevolvedonlyintropicalrainforests.

问题2选项

A.allowsthemtoadapttoawidevarietyofforestconditions

B.eliminatestheneedtotravellongdistancesinsearchoffood

C.providesarapid,energy-efficientwayofdescendingfromthetopofatreetotheground

D.enablesthemtomovethroughtheforestwithoutbeingexposedtopredatorsontheground

问题3选项

A.hardtofind

B.seasonallyavailable

C.widelyseparated

D.highlyvaried

问题4选项

A.Talltreesmakelongerglidespossible.

B.Talltreesmakebuildingupspeedinadivepossible.

C.Talltreesmakeglidingfromthemiddleoftreetrunkspossible.

D.Tall-treeforestshavelowerwindspeeds.

问题5选项

A.Manyglidinganimalsareunabletoascendtothetopsoftalltrees.

B.GlidinganimalsarenotevenlydistributedthroughouttheforestsoftheSoutheastAsianregion.

C.InSoutheastAsia,manyglidinganimalsarcfoundinplaceswheretreestendtoberelativelyshort.

D.Manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfrompositionsmidwayupthetrunksoftrees.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C、D

【解析】61.细节判断题。题干意思是“根据第一段，研究人员试图回答关于滑翔物种的什么问题？”。根据第一段中的一个问题Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?（如何解释这一地区的物种多样性和其他热带雨林中此类动物的稀缺？），由此可推断，文章第一段想要回答的内容是：尽管其他热带雨林中滑翔动物稀缺，但是为什么在东南亚热带雨林中会衍生出许多滑翔物种呢？故B项“为什么滑翔动物，虽然在大多数热带森林很罕见，在东南亚有这么多不同的家族进化”符合题意。A项“为什么滑翔动物花了数百万年才在东南亚的热带森林中进化”，第一段没有提到滑翔物种进化的时间；C项“为什么滑翔动物在世界其他地方的热带森林中进化之前就在东南亚的许多热带森林中进化”表述与原文不符；D项“为什么滑翔动物只在热带雨林中进化”表述错误，文章第一段指出的是滑翔动物在大多数热带雨林中都稀缺。因此，该题选择B项正确。

62.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段，人们普遍认为滑翔能力对居住在森林里的物种是有用的，因为滑翔……”。根据第一段倒数第二句Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.（滑翔通常被认为是一种躲避捕食者的方法，因为它可以让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式）可知，滑翔可以使动物躲避捕食者，D项“使它们能够在森林中穿行而不暴露于地面上的捕食者”正确。A项“允许它们适应各种各样的森林条件”没有提及；B项“消除了长途跋涉寻找食物的需要”和C项“提供了一个快速、节能的方式从树的顶部下降到地面”不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.语义推测题。题干意思是“‘scattered’一词在文章中的意思最接近……”。scattered一词出现在第一段第三句byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources（让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式），scatter本义是“使分散，使散开”；根据原文语境推断，这里的意思是“滑翔作为一种省力有效的方式能够使动物在分散的丛林中长途跋涉”，故C项“广泛的分散”符合题意。A项“很难找到”、B项“季节性”和D项“高度多样性”都不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

64.细节判断题。题干意思是“在第二段中提到了所有支持‘高大树木假说’的内容，除了……”。根据第二段第四句Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.（树木越高，滑翔的时间越长，在滑翔之前就有机会提高速度）和第五句Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.（高树森林中较低的风速也可能为树木之间的滑翔提供了更有利的条件）可推断，A项“高大的树木使更长时间的滑翔成为可能”、B项“高大的树木使在俯冲中加速成为可能”和D项“高大的森林有较低的风速”都是支持“高大树木假说”的内容；在第二段最后两句提到了“高大树木假说”的不足之处，Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木；此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞），所以C项“高大的树使从树干中间滑行成为可能”是不支持“高大树木假说”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

65.细节推断题。题干意思是“根据第二段，选择两项有关‘高大树木假说’这一理论的不足的描述；要获得分，您必须选择两个答案”。根据题干定位到文章第二段，第二段后半部分讲述了“高大树木假说”的不足：First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（首先，整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物，甚至在中国、越南和泰国热带雨林北部的相对矮小的森林中也有。一些滑翔动物也在低矮的次生林、种植园甚至城市公园中茁壮成长。显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木。此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞。）由此可得出这一不足之处有两点：第一是在东南亚地区许多滑翔动物被发现生活在树木相对较矮的丛林里，第二是许多滑翔动物不一定爬到树木的顶端开始滑翔，有些也可以从树木的树干中间位置开始滑翔。故C项“在东南亚，许多滑翔动物在树木相对较矮的地方被发现”和D项“许多滑翔动物从树干中间的位置开始滑翔”是正确的。A项“许多能滑翔的动物不能爬到高高的树顶”，第二段没有提到滑翔动物不能爬到高高的树顶，这是无中生有；B项“滑翔动物在东南亚地区的森林中分布不均匀”，这与原文不符，原文提到“整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物”。因此，该题选择C项和D项正确。

3.单选题

Thefamousartist,whenaskedonthenewsreleaseforhisrecentworks,hissuccesstodiligenceandintelligence（）.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.devoted

D.dedicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contributed“有助于，贡献”；B选项attributed“把……归因于，归结”；C选项devoted“献身于，致力于”；D选项dedicated“把……奉献给”。句意：这位著名的艺术家在新闻发布会上被问到他最近的作品时，他把他的成功都归功于勤奋和聪明。由空格前diligenceandintelligence（勤奋和聪明）以及success（成功）的逻辑关系可知是成功归因于勤奋和聪明，所以B选项意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。

4.翻译题

中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。

从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，已将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐关系，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.

5.单选题

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism

Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem

Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Bacteriaaremeasuredin（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthesmallest?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someonewhoexaminesbacteriausingonlyamicroscopethatmagnifies100timeswouldsee

（

）.

5.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostnearlyanalogoustowhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.Thecharacteristicsofbacteria

B.Howbacteriareproduce

C.Thevariousfunctionsofbacteria

D.Howbacteriacontributetodisease

问题2选项

A.Inches

B.Centimeters

C.Microns

D.millimeters

问题3选项

A.Apinhead

B.Aroundedbacterium

C.Amicroscope

D.Arod-shapedbacterium

问题4选项

A.tinydots

B.small’’hairs”

C.largerods

D.detailedstructures

问题5选项

A.Ariderjumpingonahorse'sback

B.Aballbeinghitbyabat

C.Aboatpoweredbyamotor

D.Adoorclosedbyagustofwind.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章主要介绍了细菌“小”的这个特点（Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings）。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段第二句Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons提到细菌是用microns“微米”来测量的。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第一段提到一个针头大约1000微米，杆状细菌（rod-shapedbacterium）大概是2-4微米，球状细菌（roundedbacterium）直径是一微米。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段第一句Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots提到一颗细菌在显微镜下几乎都是极细的现状或者微小的点。选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段作者对鞭毛和细菌的关系进行了描述：一颗颗细菌附着在鞭毛上，只有鞭毛旋转了，细菌才能跟着在水中运动。这样的关系跟马与骑手的关系很像。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural（）.

问题1选项

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。inhabitant“居民”，heritage“遗产；传统；继承权”，inheritor“继承人；后继者”，hereditary“遗传类”。句意：在他们的本科培训中，许多年轻的英语老师将讨论这些假设，这些假设是我们对文化传统关心的基础。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Failureinarequiredsubjectmayresultinthe___ofadiploma.

问题1选项

A.refusal

B.betrayal

C.denial

D.burial

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项refusal“拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项betrayal“背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项denial“否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。

8.单选题

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

问题1选项

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:如果我们不停止与那些致命的核武器的亲密接触，整个地球将。empower:使控制局势，授权。punish:惩罚,处罚。pollute:污染，弄脏。annihilate:消灭，湮没。

9.单选题

Hesaidthathehadno___ofthe1978interviewandthathehadneverseenitinprint.

问题1选项

A.recollection

B.memory

C.reminder

D.recognition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项recollection“回忆；回忆起的事物”；B选项memory“记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆”；C选项reminder“暗示；提醒的人/物；催单”；D选项recognition“识别；承认；认出；重视；赞誉；公认”。句意：他说，他不___1978年的那次采访，也从未在报纸上看到过。本句表达“不记得那次采访”，因B此选项正确。

10.填空题

Theradioisn’tloud（1）.Couldyouturnit（2）please?

【答案】enough;up

【解析】1.语义题。句意:收音机的声音还不够大。请你调大一点，可以吗？此空应填一个后置定语,故填enough符合句意。

2.固定搭配。Turnup调大音量。

11.单选题

Thecommandersaidtohistroopsthatundernocircumstances（）tostepacrosstheborder.

问题1选项

A.theenemyshouldbeallowed

B.shouldtheenemybeallowed

C.shouldallowtheenemy

D.theenemyshouldallow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装。带有否定意义的短语，其主谓部分要倒装，首先向排除选项A和D。不被允许表被动，所以选项B正确。句意：指挥官对他的部队说，在任何情况下都不允许敌人跨越边境。

12.单选题

Menandwomenofallagescanbenefitfrom（）amountsofdailyphysicalexercise.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.considerate

C.literate

D.moderate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“绝望的；不顾一切的”；B选项considerate“体贴的；考虑周到的”；C选项literate“精通文学的；受过教育的”；D选项moderate“稳健的；适中的；有节制的”。句意：所有年龄段的男性和女性都可以通过（）的每日体育锻炼受益。根据语境，moderate“适中的；有节制的”搭配physicalexercise“体育锻炼”比较合理。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Agoodleaderknowswhatarepracticalquestionsandalsoheknowswhento（）andwhentofight.

问题1选项

A.compromise

B.struggle

C.advance

D.flee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。compromise"妥协,让步";struggle"努力,挣扎";advance"前进,进展";flee"逃跑,消失"。句意:一个好的领导者知道什么是实际问题,他也知道什么时候应该（）,什么时候应该战斗。填空处应该和fight相对应,选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

问题1选项

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

问题2选项

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

问题3选项

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

问题4选项

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一届，最高法院在美国诉Halper案中一致制定了一项法律规则，该规则将破坏联邦、州和地方政府执行一系列重要监管计划的能力，包括环境保护、证券监管和税收征收）可知选A选项“执行一系列重要的监管计划”；B选项“执行所有重要的规管计划”，C选项“执行环境保护、证券监管、税收征管等重要监管方案”以及D选项“执行除环境保护、证券监管和税收征管外的重要监管计划”都不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（这种可能造成的干扰是由于最高法院认识到，某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，但有时也适用于民事被告，政府正试图对被禁止的活动收取民事处罚）可知A选项“某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，现在对民事被告也同样适用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifth