考研考博-英语-安徽理工大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽理工大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

问题1选项

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。jubilant意为“喜气洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“欢欣鼓舞的，兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。

句意：婚礼开始时，客人们兴高采烈。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.今天，被近千年的传统所束缚并且缺少充足政府资助的牛津大学，难以轻松应对加快了的全球教育变革步伐。不管对错与否，其他学校都重点建设商务类的课程时，牛津尤其慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，这样在资源竞争中就落在剑桥这样的大学之后，而这些资源倾向于流向看重商务的学校。

2.自2008年以来，快递数量增长的一半都来自于“海淘”买家。因此，尽管近年来贸易总体增长缓慢，但跨境电子商务的兴起让快递公司仍然生意兴隆，国际快递三大巨头最新季度收入创下新高。不过快递业面临着一个新的挑战：由于特朗普的保护主义倾向和英国脱欧(Brexit)，贸易壁垒将重新回归。

【答案】1.Today,OxfordUniversitythathasbeenlimitedbyatraditionofaboutonethousandyearsandlackedsufficientgovernmentalfunding,isdifficulttocopewiththequickenedpaceofglobaleducationrevolution.Whetherrightlyorwrongly,whileotheruniversitiesarepayingattentiontobuildingbusinesscourses,OxfordUniversityisparticularlyslowtofollow.Consequently,ithasfallenbehinduniversitieslikeCambridgeUniversityinresourcecompetitionwhichtendtoflowtouniversitiesthatfocusesonbusinesscourses.

2.Since2008,halfofthegrowthinthevolumeofexpressdeliveryhasderivedfrombuyerswhomaketheirpurchasesin“cross-borderonlineshopping.”Therefore,althoughoveralltradegrowthhasbeenslowinrecentyears,theriseofcross-bordere-commercehasstillallowedexpresscompaniestodrivearoaringtrade.Thethreebiggestinternationalexpresscompanieshavereachedanewhighintheirlatestquarterlyrevenue.Buttheexpressindustryisfacedwithanewchallenge:tradebarrierswillreturnduetoTrump'sprotectionisttendenciesandBrexit.

3.单选题

______allourkindnesstohelpher;Sararefusedtolisten.

问题1选项

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at“在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in“在……内”；for“对；为了”；on“在……之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

IwishthatI（

）theconcertlastnight.

问题1选项

A.couldattend

B.couldhaveattended

C.toattend

D.attended

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我（）昨晚的音乐会。这里wish后面的内容是一种假设所以我们可知that里面要用虚拟语气。时间是发生在“昨晚”，所以答案B。A选项不合逻辑；C选项会造成从句没有谓语，不符合语法；D选项会使句子产生歧义，昨天晚上到底有没有去参加音乐会，参加了为什么会在前面用wish，没参加为什么要用一般过去式表示该事已经发生过了。

5.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlydeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthe

busycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid“援助，帮助”；amount“总计，合计”；add“增加”；attribute“归属，把……归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Treesaregood.Goodenoughtohug.Plantingtreeswillmaketheworldcoolerthanitwouldotherwisebe.ThisisthesubjectofanewlypublishedstudybyGovindasamyBala,oftheLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,inCalifornia,andhiscolleagues.DrBalahasfound,rathercounter-intuitively,thatremovingalloftheworld’streesmightactuallycooltheplanetdown.

Thereasonforthisisthattreesaffecttheworld’stemperaturebymeansotherthanthecarbontheytakein.Forinstanceforestsremainquiteadarkshadeevenafterasnowstorm.Theyarecertainlydarkerthangrasslands,andthustheycanabsorbmoreofthesun’sheatthanvegetationwhichmightotherwisecoverthesamestretchofland.Thatwarmsthingsup.

DrBalaandhiscolleaguestooksucheffectsintoaccountusingacomputermodelcalledtheIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel.Unlikemostclimate-changemodels,whichcalculatehowtheEarthshouldabsorbandradiateheatinresponsetoalistofgreenhouse-gasconcentrations,thisonehasmanysubsectionsthatrepresenthowthecarboncycleworks,andhowitinfluencestheclimate.

Overall,DrBala’smodelsuggeststhatcompletedeforestationwouldcauseanadditional1.3℃temperaturerisecomparedwithbusinessasusualbecauseofthehighercarbon–dioxidelevelsthatwouldresult.However,theadditionalreflectivityoftheplanetwouldcause1.6℃ofcooling.Atreelessworldwouldthusbe0.3℃coolerthanotherwise.

Noone,ofcourse,wouldconsiderchoppingdowntheworld’sforeststokeeptheplanetcool.Buthavingmadetheirpoint,DrBalaandhiscolleaguesthenwentontolookatforestgrowthandlossatdifferentlatitudes.PlantingtreesinconvenientplacessuchasEuropeandNorthAmericamayactuallybecounterproductive.InRussiaandCanada,cuttingtreesdownledmostlytolocalcooling.Thecarbondioxidethisreleasedintotheatmosphere,though,warmedtheworldallover.Aroundtheequator,bycontrast,warmingactedlocally(aswellasglobally),soatropicalcountrywouldexperiencewarmingcreatedbycuttingdowntrees.

Theresultsfollowincreasingcriticismfromclimatescientistsofthebenefitsofforestryschemestooffsetcarbonemissions.Plantingtreestoneutralizecarbonemissionshasbecomeabigbusiness:£60mworthoftreeshavebeenboughtthisyear,upfrom£20min2005.By2010themarketisexpectedtoreachf300m.

1.Accordingtothepassage,treesmaketheworldwarmerbecauseoftheir（）.

2.DrBala’sIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel（）.

3.BasedonDrBala’smodel,atreelessworldwould（）.

4.AccordingtoDrBala,thebestplacestoplanttreeswouldbe（）.

5.Asisshowninthepassage,criticismfromotherclimatescientists（）.

问题1选项

A.deepcolort

B.roundshapet

C.enormoussizet

D.highreflectivityt

问题2选项

A.supportsthefindingsofotherclimatemodelst

B.isbasedontheresultsofotherclimatemodelst

C.usesasystemdifferentfromotherclimatemodelst

D.challengesthebasictheoryofotherclimatemodelst

问题3选项

A.causeseriousenvironmentalproblemst

B.provehelpfulinfightingglobalwarmingt

C.makeitdifficulttodealwithclimatechanget

D.raisecarbondioxidelevelsandglobaltemperaturet

问题4选项

A.NorthAmericat

B.Europet

C.High-latitudecountriest

D.tropicalcountriestt

问题5选项

A.shouldbetakenratherseriouslyt

B.isunreasonableandfar-fetchedt

C.involvesmostlyeconomicinterestst

D.isvoicedonbehalfofthegovernment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据文章，树木使世界变暖是因为它们……”。根据文章第二段第二句forestsremainquiteadarkshadeevenafterasnowstorm（在暴风雪之后，森林仍然是一片黑暗的阴影）和最后一句Thatwarmsthingsup（这会让气氛升温）可知，是因为树木颜色深、阴影面积大，所以世界才会变暖，故A项“颜色深”正确。B项“圆形状”、C项“巨大的体积”和D项“高反射率”都与树木使世界变暖无关。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“巴拉博士的‘综合气候和碳模型’……”。根据第三段第二句Unlikemostclimate-changemodels,whichcalculatehowtheEarthshouldabsorbandradiateheatinresponsetoalistofgreenhouse-gasconcentrations,thisonehasmanysubsectionsthatrepresenthowthecarboncycleworks,andhowitinfluencestheclimate.（大多数气候变化模型都是根据一系列温室气体浓度来计算地球应该如何吸收和辐射热量，而这个模型不同，它有许多分部来代表碳循环是如何工作的，以及它是如何影响气候的）可知，巴拉博士的“综合气候和碳模型”和大多数气候变化模型不同，故C项“使用一个不同于其他气候模型的系统”正确。A项“支持其他气候模型的发现”和B项“是基于其他气候模型的结果”文中未提及；D项“挑战其他气候模型的基本理论”，文章只是把“综合气候和碳模型”和其他气候模型做了对比，并没有提到挑战，D项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据巴拉博士的模型，一个没有树木的世界将会是……”。第四段最后一句提到Atreelessworldwouldthusbe0.3℃coolerthanotherwise.（一个没有树木的世界会比其他情况低0.3℃），由此可知，没有树木的世界气温会下降，由此可以有助于对抗全球变暖的问题，故B项“证明有助于对抗全球变暖”正确。A项“造成严重的环境问题”和C项“使应对气候变化变得困难”不是根据巴拉博士的模型得出的结论；D项“提高二氧化碳水平和全球温度”，内容与原文相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“巴拉博士认为，最好的植树地点是……”。第五段最后一句指出Aroundtheequator,bycontrast,warmingactedlocally(aswellasglobally),soatropicalcountrywouldexperiencewarmingcreatedbycuttingdowntrees.（相比之下，在赤道附近，气候变暖是局部的，也是全球现象，所以一个热带国家会经历砍伐树木造成的变暖），由此可知热带国家砍伐树木会造成气候变暖，那么反之，种植树木会中和气候变暖，所以最好的植树地点是热带国家，故D项“热带国家”正确。根据第五段第三句PlantingtreesinconvenientplacessuchasEuropeandNorthAmericamayactuallybecounterproductive.（在欧洲和北美等方便的地方植树实际上可能适得其反）可知，A项“北美”和B项“欧洲”错误；第五段第四句提到InRussiaandCanada,cuttingtreesdownledmostlytolocalcooling.（在俄罗斯和加拿大，砍伐树木主要是为了给当地降温）可知，高纬度国家不适合植树，所以C项“高纬度国家”也错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“如文章所示，来自其他气候科学家的批评是……”。文章末段指出Theresultsfollowincreasingcriticismfromclimatescientistsofthebenefitsofforestryschemestooffsetcarbonemissions.Plantingtreestoneutralizecarbonemissionshasbecomeabigbusiness（这一结果得到气候科学家越来越多的批评，林业计划可以抵消碳排放量；通过植树来中和碳排放已经成为一项大生意），通过句子中的“abigbusiness”可知，气候科学家的批评主要涉及经济利益，故C项“主要涉及经济利益”符合题意。A项“应该被认真对待”、B项“不合理和牵强”和D项“代表政府发声”都与原文无关。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

问题1选项

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项pompous“自大的，浮夸的，华而不实的”，B项permissible“可允许的，获得准许的”，C项adoptive“采用的，有收养关系的”，D项complacent“自满的，得意的，满足的”。由修饰time的定语从句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝视一个人，而不显得亲密、粗鲁或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允许的”符合句意。句意：对于任何一种社交场合，都有一个允许的时间，你可以在不显得亲密、粗鲁或咄咄逼人的情况下凝视对方。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden______.

问题1选项

A.inwhichtoplay

B.toplaywith

C.toplay

D.wheretoplay

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们搬到了郊区的新房子，这样孩子们就有一个可以玩耍的花园。横线部分是修饰garden的定语从句，根据词组playinagarden确定有介词in，根据花园用来玩的目的确定有to，A选项inwhichtoplay符合题意。D选项wheretoplay引导地点状语从句，garden本身表示地点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thecellphoneincludesamechanicaldevicethatcanmakeit（

）whenitwouldotherwiseringforanincomingcalloranalarm.

问题1选项

A.vibrate

B.shake

C.alarm

D.sparkle

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。vibrate意为“震动”；shake意为“摇动”；alarm意为“惊恐，警报”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”。

句意：手机内置了一个机械装置，当有来电铃声或闹铃铃声时，就会使它震动。

10.翻译题

金银玉器是一个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴装饰品或观赏工艺品。

我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看，金银器品种繁多，应用广泛。小到金银首饰，大到佛塔供器，无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏，官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具，而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰等各个方面。从中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多用作礼器，少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看，新石器时期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外，还有辟邪的神秘意味，同时还是权力、财富和尊贵的象征，用玉的阶层也只限于王公贵族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐渐普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩饰也进入了寻常百姓之家。玉在中国传统文化中具有特殊的意义，中国也赢得了“玉器之国”的美誉。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

11.单选题

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdrymouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

6.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“____”.

7.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

8.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause____.

9.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause____.

10.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat____.

问题1选项

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

问题2选项

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfurrichfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

问题3选项

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

问题4选项

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

问题5选项

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】6.语义推测题。根据关键词emanatefrom定位到原文第1段第2句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.（大多数情况下，难闻的口气____口腔中的细菌，尽管还有其他原因。）从后半句“其他原因”推断，前半句也是讲的难闻的口气产生的原因即口腔中的细菌。A选项“以某事为乐，因某事而有所成就（尤指别人不喜欢的事物）”，与语境不符，排除；B选项“导致”因果颠倒，排除；C选项“源自；来源于”，与原文相符；D选项“由……传下来，起源于”，侧重于介绍发展传承，不符合语境，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

7.事实细节题。题干“下列哪项被认为是引起口臭的原因之一”可定位到原文中介绍口气成因的第5段第1、2句Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.（嗜酒、说话过多、运动时用嘴呼吸等任何会使口腔干燥的事都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，尽管原因不明。）由此可知，D选项“精神紧张”（即压力）是原因之一。A选项“口腔疾病”、B选项“含硫丰富的食物”、C选项“太多的锻炼”（不是锻炼太多，而是锻炼是用嘴呼吸）都不是原文提及的原因。干扰选项B可定位到原文第4段最后一句Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.（例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流变慢，产生硫的细菌占了上风，产生了经典的“早晨口气”。）原文是说细菌产生硫，造成口气，而不是食物中含硫丰富。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

8.推理判断题。题干“根据文章，酒精与口臭有关，主要是因为____”可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数情况下都是如此——它会使口腔干燥，从而加剧问题。）由此可知，因为酒精会使口腔干燥，从而加剧口臭。原文第3段第1句Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.（当唾液正常流动减慢时，口臭就会发生。）由此可知，口臭产生的原因是“唾液的正常流动减慢”。综合来看，酒精使口腔干燥，使唾液的正常流动减慢，加剧了口臭，所以D选项“它会影响唾液的正常流动”符合原文表述。A选项“它阻止了有害细菌的繁殖”，与酒精加剧了口臭的事实相左，如果酒精阻止了有害细菌的繁殖的话，应该会缓解口臭，排除；B选项“它的气味增加了口臭”，原文并未提及，排除；C选项“它杀死一些有益的细菌”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

9.题干“漱口水并不是治疗口臭的有效方法，主要是因为____”可定位到原文最后一段第3、4、5句Somemouthwashes…underthicklayersofmucus.（一些漱口水声称可以杀死导致口臭的细菌。问题是，它们不一定能接触到所有有害的细菌。在厚厚的黏液层下，大多数细菌都能很好地抵御漱口水。）由此可知，黏液层保护了细菌，导致漱口水不能接触并杀死所有的有害细菌，从而不能有效的治疗口臭，B选项“它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌”，表述符合原文。干扰选项A“他们无法掩盖这难闻的气味足够长的时间”可定位到最后一段第2句Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.（这种液体可以用自身的气味掩盖口臭，但效果不会超过一个小时。）由此可知，漱口水用自身的气味掩盖口臭，但这并不能治疗口臭，所以这一点并非漱口水不是治疗口臭的有效方法的原因，与B选项相比，更不是主要原因，排除；C选项“它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟”表述与原文相反，漱口水的气味可以掩盖口臭，排除；D选项“酒精对难闻的口气的影响较小”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数情况下都是如此——它会使口腔干燥，从而加剧问题。）由此可知，酒精会加重口臭，选项表述与原文不符，且并不是所有的漱口水都含有酒精，排除；因此，本题最佳选项为B。

10.推理判断题。题干“我们可以从文章中推断____”。A选项“口臭不容易治好”，可定位到原文第2段Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.（直到几年前，大多数医生能做的就是劝告有口臭的病人注意口腔清洁。现在他们正在寻找新方法治疗这种通常来说可以治愈的疾病。）由此可知，能治疗口臭的方法很少，还有待研究。A选项符合原文，注意不能被后文第7段Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.（对于我们大多数人来说，简单的、口干的口臭很容易治愈。）误导，这只是说大多数人来说，简单的口臭很容易治愈；B选项“老年人不太会有口臭”，可定位到原文第6段第1句Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.（随着年龄的增长，唾液的流动逐渐减慢，这就解释了为什么老年人比年轻人有更多的口臭问题。）由此可知，老年人更容易有口臭，B选项与原文不符，排除；C选项“酗酒者受到口臭的影响较小”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Alcoholhunger…anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.（嗜酒……等使口腔干燥的事都会产生口臭。）由此可知，酗酒者受口臭影响大，C选项与原文不符，排除；D选项“酒精对口气的影响较小”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数情况下都是如此——它会使口腔干燥，从而加剧问题。）由此可知，酒精会加重口臭，D选项与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

12.单选题

Rushtooka(n)dogmaticapproachtomedicine,convincedthatalldiseaseshadessentiallythesamecause:fever.

问题1选项

A.definite

B.confident

C.explicit

D.arbitrary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。dogmatic表示“教条的，武断的”；A项definite“一定的，确切的”，B项confident“自信的，确信的”，C项explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”，D项arbitrary“任意的，武断的”。句意：拉什对医学采取独断专行的态度，相信所有的疾病本质上都有相同的原因，那就是发烧。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。

13.单选题

Thecommitteeputseveryeffortintoenablingwomentospeakoutagainstsexualharassment,andtogethelpwhentheyarevictimsofit.Becausetheharassmentis（

）bysilence,women’svoicesmustbeheard.

问题1选项

A.persisted

B.impeded

C.divulged

D.sustained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persist“坚持；存留”；B选项impede“阻碍”；C选项divulge“泄露”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑”。句意：委员会尽一切努力使妇女能够公开反对性骚扰，并在她们受到性骚扰时得到帮助。因为性骚扰是由沉默……的，所以必须倾听女性的声音。由句意可知，是沉默使骚扰持续。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

问题1选项

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比较级的规则。根据句中的more，肯定要有than，根据相比较对象一致的原则，本题是thatsheshouldbefree与thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之间相比较的句子，所以选项D为正确答案。

15.单选题

Definitionsof“culture”aremultiple,broad,andnotablyambiguous.Whilethereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculture,theclassicdefinitionbyE.B.Tylorin1871iswidelycited:“culture...isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic,comprisedofthesharedsolutionstoproblemsfacedbythegroup.Thesesolutionsincludetechnologies,beliefs,andbehaviors.

Culturedoesnotdeterminebehavior,butaffordsgroupmembersarepertoireofideasandpossibleactions,providingtheframeworkthroughwhichtheyunderstandthemselves,theirenvironment,andtheirexperiences.Cultureisacomplexsetofrelationships,responses,andinterpretationsthatmustbeunderstood,notasabodyofdiscretetraits,butasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.Cultureiseverchangingandalwaysbeingrevisedwithinthedynamiccontextofitsenactment.

Cultureisneitherablueprintnoranidentity;individualschoosebetweenvariousculturaloptions,andinourmulticulturalsociety,manytimeschoosewidelybetweentheoptionsofferedbyavarietyofculturaltraditions.Itisnotpossibletopredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsbasedontheirrace,ethnicity,ornationalorigin.Individuals’groupmembershipcannotbeassumedtoindicatetheirculturebecausethosewhoshareagrouplabelmayvariouslyenactculture.

Initszealtoencouragerespectforculturaldifferences,theculturalcompetencymovementhassometimeslostsightoftheseimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture.Insteadithastoooftenrepresentedcultureasadecontextualizedsetoftraitsprovidingatemplatefortheperceptionsandbehaviorsofgroupmembers.Aburgeoningliteratureonculturaldiversitypresentsthereaderwithveritablelaundrylistsoftraditionalbeliefsandpracticesostensiblycharacteristicofparticularethnicgroups.Thisapproachencouragesthequestionablenotionthatimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesareparticularlydrivenbytraditionalism.Theemphasisinthisgenreisondifference,pittingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsthatremainunnamedandunexplored.

Themisconception,commoninclinicalsettings,thatculturecanbeunderstoodasasetofdiscretetraits,hasledsomemistakenlytotreatcultureasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.Insuchapplications,specificethnicculturesarerepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulatedtofacilitateclinicalgoals.

Paradoxically,insuchapproaches,whatoriginatedinadesiretopromoterespectforindividualdifferencesmayinsteadpromotestereotypingandessentializing.Thisprocessofreifyingpresumeddifferencemayhavetheunintendedconsequenceofbolsteringasenseofgroupboundaries.Itmayalsoreinforcethebeliefthatculturecanbediagnosedandtreated,thatexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsofmembersofalreadydisempoweredsubgroupsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.

1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?

2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture（）.

3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?

问题1选项

A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.

B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.

C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.

D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.

问题2选项

A.doesdeterminebehavior

B.doesnotprovidepossibleactions

C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividuals

D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontext

问题3选项

A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture

B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraits

C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminorities

D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefs

问题4选项

A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.

B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcont