(完整版)Since和for的用法及区别

Since和for的用法及区别:一,since的四种用法since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。since+一段时间+agohavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。自从五个月前，我已经在这丿儿了。since+从句GreatChangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。Itis+—段时间+since从句istwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。二，Since和for区别Since+时间点，具体时间自从lavebeeninBeijingsince2010.、以来，从、、、以后”用来说明动作起始时间For+时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.（对）Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（误）三，延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borro等,buy四、延续性动词的用法特征1•延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示'段时间"的状语连用。表示段时间"的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlor等IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehe从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间"状语连用。如:Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作，可借助comebeginget等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.正）又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.五、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如:Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语用（只限肯定式）。如：（1）他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave^beaway,borrow*keep,buy^have,begin/starbbeon,die—bedead,moveto—livein,finish—beover,join—bein/beamemberof,opensth—keepsth.open,fall—beill,getu—beup,catchacol—haveacold练习：用since和for填空twoyears2)twoyearsago3)lastmonth19995)yesterday6)4o'clock7)4hours8)anhourago9)wewerechildren10)lunchtime11)shelefthereHehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.I'veknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.It'sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.2.短暂性转换延续性arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.fbeinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsinceIwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.Theycameherelastweek.Te/goback,returnfbebackcome/gooutfbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.becomefbeIbecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.

Theriverdirtyfor.closefbeclosedopenfbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.TheshopforThedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.getupfbeupdiefbedeadleavesw.fbeawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleepfbeasleepfinish/endfbeovermarryfbemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIsince.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.HeFuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.Isince.Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.start/begintodosth.fdosth.beginfbeonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.borrowfkeeplosefnothavebuyfhaveputonfwearcatch/getacoldfhaveacoldgettoknowfknow1)Theyborroweditlastweek.

TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheyitsince.2）Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor.3）Igottoknowhimlastyear.Ihimsince.4）Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesfor.have/hasgonetofhavebeenin1）HehasgonetoBeijing.HeBeijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmyfbealeague/aPartymember/asoldierfbeamemberoftheleague/thePartyfbeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1）Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.Heafortwoyears.Heathefortwoyears.Hetheleaguefortwoyears.2）Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrotherafor.Mybrotherinfortwoyears.3.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚10年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。8）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团2年了。Itwoyearsago.Iafortwoyears.Iaoffortwoyears.Ithefortwoyears