英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件 U8

《英语国家社会与文化入门》(下册）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIntroduction(BookTwo)《英语国家社会与文化入门》(下册）TheSocietya1

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Unit8

EducationintheUnitedStates

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica2QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:

1小学

2教育委员会

3高等教育

4军人重新安置法案

5肯定性行动计划

（平权法案）

QuizGivetheEnglishanda3FocalPointsdifferenteducationlawsfordifferentstatesseverallevelsofschoolingcurriculaforstudentscompulsoryeducationforallchildrenequaleducationopportunitiesforminoritygroupshighereducationsystemvarietiesofcollegesanduniversitiestrendsindegreeprogramstheServicemen'sReadjustmentActAffirmativeActionprogramsnon-traditionalstudentsFocalPointsdifferenteducatio4ThisUnitIsDividedintoNineSectionsGoingtoSchoolinAmericaToday

Education--ALocalMatter

WhatanAmericanStudentLearnsEducationinaNewNationLearningtoBeWorldCitizensHigherEducationSelectingaCollegeorUniversityTrendsinDegreeProgramsEducationforAllThisUnitIsDividedintoNine5I.GoingtoSchoolinAmericaToday•Americanchildrengotoschoolfromkindergartentothe12thgrade,theyattendclassesforanaverageoffivehoursaday.•Thegoalofeducation–toachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirindividualandgeneralpublicwelfare.

I.GoingtoSchoolinAmerica6publicschoolstakeupabout90%ofAmericanstudents;boardsofeducationatthestateand/ordistrictlevelguidethespending,makedecisionsabouttheschoolcurriculum,teacherstandardsandcertification,andtheoverallmeasurementofstudentprogress

publicschools7privateschoolstakeupslightlyover10%;havethefreedomtousethefeestheycollectandmakedecisionsabouttherunningoftheschoolsfouroutoffiveprivateschoolsarerunbyreligiousgroups,andreligiousteachingsareapartofthecurriculum

AprivateschoolinGeorgia,US

privateschools8II.Education–ALocalMatter•eachstateintheU.S.hasitsownlawsregulatingeducation;•thoughagelimitstoattendschoolsvary,everychildisguaranteedupto13yearsofeducation;•somestatesplayastrongroleintheselectionoflearningmaterialwhileothersleavethedecisionstolocalschools;boardsofeducationoftenaddcoursesonissuesofpublicconcernstoschoolcurriculum

II.Education–ALocalMatter9III.WhatanAmericanStudentLearnsElementarySchool

gradeskindergarten(K)through8(insomeplaces,includesonlygradesK–6).

III.WhatanAmericanStudent10Secondaryschoolgrades9–12,popularlycalled“highschool”;“juniorhighschool”includesgrades7–9;“seniorhighschool”usuallyincludesgrades9–12.

Secondaryschoolgrades9–111CurriculumElementaryschool mathematics;languagearts;penmanship;science;socialstudies;music;art;andphysicaleducation. someschoolsoffercomputercourses,orasecondlanguagecourseCurriculumElementaryschool12Secondaryschool •requiredsubjects:English,mathematics,science,socialstudiesandphysicaleducation •Schoolboardsdiffergreatlyfromonedistricttoanotherintheamountofclasstimestudentsspendonthesebasicsubjects.

英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U813ElectivecoursesElectivescanrangefromspecializedacademictovocationalsubjects; e.g.astudentfinishesrequiredunitsAmericanhistory,he/shecantakeelectivesEuropeanhistoryorworldpoliticalissues.Somehighschoolsspecializeinparticulartypesofsubjects--businesseducation,orindustrialtrades,orforeignlanguages.

ElectivecoursesElectivescan14

IV.EducationinaNewNation

InMassachusetts•ThePuritansfoundedtheMassachusettsBayColonyin1630;TheybelievedthateverypersonshouldbeabletoreadtheBible,andsetupasystemofeducationinthecolony,eg. --In1636,HarvardCollegewasfounded;--In1634and1638,passedlawsusingtaxtosupportschools;ThePuritansintroducedtwopractices:compulsoryeducationforallchildrenandpublictaxationforschools.

IV.EducationinaNewNati15 ThestatueofJohnHarvard,founderofHarvardUniversity

HarvardUniversity:thenandnow ThestatueofJohnHarva16

InothercoloniesInPennsylvania,decisionsabouteducationwerelefttotheleadersofeachchurch.Insoutherncolonies,therichhiredtutorsfortheirchildren,orsentthemtoEnglandfortheireducation.Throughoutthecolonies,youngpeoplecouldlearnreadingbybecominganapprentice.

17The10thamendmenttotheConstitutionguaranteesthatcertainpowerremainsinthestates.Attheendofthe18thcentury,andtillnow,elementaryeducationintheU.S.wasandisinlocalhands.

The10thamendmenttotheCons18V.LearningtoBeWorldCitizensThepostwarpolitical,social,economicandtechnologicalchangeshadimpactsoneducation.TheSupremeCourtruledthatthepracticeofsegregatingblacksintoseparateschoolswasunconstitutional.(1954)U.S.MarshalsescortedRubyBridgestoanall-whiteschoolonNov.14,1960.

V.LearningtoBeWorldCitiz19The"inquiry"methodoflearning,focusingonsolvingproblemsratherthanmemorizingfacts,becamepopular.Moresciencecourseswereaddedtothecurriculum.Federalgovernmentspendingoneducationincreased.英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U820

VI.HigherEducation

•Aboutonethirdofhighschoolgraduatesgoontouniversity.•Studentsareadmittedintocollegeonthebasisof:a)theirhighschoolrecords;b)recommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachers;c)theimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversity;andd)theirscoresontheSATs.

VI.HigherEducation

•Ab21HighereducationsystemintheUSFourcategoriesofinstitutions-- 1.theuniversity,whichmaycontain:a)severalcollegesforundergraduatestudentsb)oneormoregraduateschoolsformaster'soradoctoraldegree;2.thefour-yearundergraduateinstitution--thecollege;3.thetechnicaltraininginstitution4.thetwo-year,orcommunitycollege.Highereducationsysteminthe22 UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley PresidentObamaattendingBarnardCollegeCommencement英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U823Highereducationinstitutionsmightbepubliclyorprivatelyfunded.Thequalityandreputationofaninstitutionisdeterminedbyitsteachingfaculty,researchfacilities;amountoffunding,specialprograms,andhowselectivetheinstitutioncanbeinchoosingitsstudents. MIT’sMediaLab

Highereducationinstitutions24VII.SelectingaCollegeorUniversityThingsoneneedstoknow(I):entrancerequirementsFeesdegreesofferedlengthoftimetoearnadegree

VII.SelectingaCollegeorU25Degreesoffered:Attheundergraduate(college)level,afour-year"liberalarts"courseofstudy,orabachelorofscience(B.S.)isoffered.Atechnicaltraininginstitutionofferssuchcoursesasagricultureorbusinessatvaryinglengths.Acommunitycollegestudieslasttwoyears.Degreesoffered:Attheunderg26Atthegraduatelevel:Master'sanddoctor'sdegreesareofferedinboththeartsandsciences.Thecoursescanbecompletedintwotofouryears,sometimesevenlonger.Atthegraduatelevel:Master'27

Thingsoneneedstoknow(II):

Whatcurriculadoesacollegeoruniversityoffer?“major”“electives”Whataretherequirementsforearningadegree?acertainnumberof"credits".a"semester”of10to16weeks

Thingsoneneedstoknow(II)28

Thingsoneneedstoknow(III):

Isthecollegeoruniversityapublicinstitutionoraprivateone?Ifitisprivate,isitareligiousschool?Allcollegesdependon3sourcesofincomestudenttuitionendowmentsgovernmentfunding

Thingsoneneedstoknow(III29

Thingsoneneedstoknow(IV)

Howlargeistheschool? --Someuniversitieshaveover100000enrollments,anddozensofcampuses. --Largeuniversitiesofferthebestlibrariesandfacilities,andattractsleadingscholars. StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffalo

Thingsoneneedstoknow(IV)30VIII.TrendsinDegreeProgramsDuringthe1970sand1980s,therewasatrendawayfromthetraditionalliberalartsforpre-professionaldegrees,preparingstudentsforspecificjobs.Butinrecentyears,thereisanewpopularityofliberalartswhichshowsareturntotheearlytraditionsofAmericaneducation.

VIII.TrendsinDegreeProgra31IX.EducationforAllTheServicemen'sReadjustmentAct/“GIBillofRights”TheActpromisedfinancialaidtoveteransofWorldWarII.By1955,morethantwomillionveteranshadusedtheGIBillofRightstogotocollege.Theiroutstandingsuccessinhigher educationhadchangedtheimageof whoshouldgotocollege.

IX.EducationforAll32Affirmativeactionprograms specialplansandprogramstomakeupforpastinequalitybygivingspecialpreferencetomembersofminoritiesseekingjobsoradmissiontocollege.Affirmativeactionprograms sp33ProblemsandsolutionsSettingquotasofminoritystudentstobeadmittedfeltbymanyasanotherformofdiscrimination.Institutionschangetoservethegoalofaffirmativeactioninlesscontroversialways: eg.admittingstudentswhowouldadddiversetalentstothestudentbody.ProblemsandsolutionsSetting34Successtheseeffortshave:Americancollegestudentsareanincreasinglydiversegroup.ThenumberofWomenandAfrican-Americanswhoreceivehighereducationincreased.Successtheseeffortshave:Am35QuestionsforDiscussionWhatisthegoalofeducationintheUnitedStates?DiscussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinGreatBritain,theUnitedStatesandChinaconcerningthegoalsofeducation.HowdidAmericaneducationsystembegintodevelop?WhatdoyouthinkofsomeofthecharacteristicsineducationthatareparticularlyAmerican?

QuestionsforDiscussionWhati36TheEnd高等教育出版社2015TheEnd高等教育出版社37《英语国家社会与文化入门》(下册）TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIntroduction(BookTwo)《英语国家社会与文化入门》(下册）TheSocietya38

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Unit8

EducationintheUnitedStates

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica39QuizGivetheEnglishandabriefexplanationforthefollowing:

1小学

2教育委员会

3高等教育

4军人重新安置法案

5肯定性行动计划

（平权法案）

QuizGivetheEnglishanda40FocalPointsdifferenteducationlawsfordifferentstatesseverallevelsofschoolingcurriculaforstudentscompulsoryeducationforallchildrenequaleducationopportunitiesforminoritygroupshighereducationsystemvarietiesofcollegesanduniversitiestrendsindegreeprogramstheServicemen'sReadjustmentActAffirmativeActionprogramsnon-traditionalstudentsFocalPointsdifferenteducatio41ThisUnitIsDividedintoNineSectionsGoingtoSchoolinAmericaToday

Education--ALocalMatter

WhatanAmericanStudentLearnsEducationinaNewNationLearningtoBeWorldCitizensHigherEducationSelectingaCollegeorUniversityTrendsinDegreeProgramsEducationforAllThisUnitIsDividedintoNine42I.GoingtoSchoolinAmericaToday•Americanchildrengotoschoolfromkindergartentothe12thgrade,theyattendclassesforanaverageoffivehoursaday.•Thegoalofeducation–toachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirindividualandgeneralpublicwelfare.

I.GoingtoSchoolinAmerica43publicschoolstakeupabout90%ofAmericanstudents;boardsofeducationatthestateand/ordistrictlevelguidethespending,makedecisionsabouttheschoolcurriculum,teacherstandardsandcertification,andtheoverallmeasurementofstudentprogress

publicschools44privateschoolstakeupslightlyover10%;havethefreedomtousethefeestheycollectandmakedecisionsabouttherunningoftheschoolsfouroutoffiveprivateschoolsarerunbyreligiousgroups,andreligiousteachingsareapartofthecurriculum

AprivateschoolinGeorgia,US

privateschools45II.Education–ALocalMatter•eachstateintheU.S.hasitsownlawsregulatingeducation;•thoughagelimitstoattendschoolsvary,everychildisguaranteedupto13yearsofeducation;•somestatesplayastrongroleintheselectionoflearningmaterialwhileothersleavethedecisionstolocalschools;boardsofeducationoftenaddcoursesonissuesofpublicconcernstoschoolcurriculum

II.Education–ALocalMatter46III.WhatanAmericanStudentLearnsElementarySchool

gradeskindergarten(K)through8(insomeplaces,includesonlygradesK–6).

III.WhatanAmericanStudent47Secondaryschoolgrades9–12,popularlycalled“highschool”;“juniorhighschool”includesgrades7–9;“seniorhighschool”usuallyincludesgrades9–12.

Secondaryschoolgrades9–148CurriculumElementaryschool mathematics;languagearts;penmanship;science;socialstudies;music;art;andphysicaleducation. someschoolsoffercomputercourses,orasecondlanguagecourseCurriculumElementaryschool49Secondaryschool •requiredsubjects:English,mathematics,science,socialstudiesandphysicaleducation •Schoolboardsdiffergreatlyfromonedistricttoanotherintheamountofclasstimestudentsspendonthesebasicsubjects.

英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U850ElectivecoursesElectivescanrangefromspecializedacademictovocationalsubjects; e.g.astudentfinishesrequiredunitsAmericanhistory,he/shecantakeelectivesEuropeanhistoryorworldpoliticalissues.Somehighschoolsspecializeinparticulartypesofsubjects--businesseducation,orindustrialtrades,orforeignlanguages.

ElectivecoursesElectivescan51

IV.EducationinaNewNation

InMassachusetts•ThePuritansfoundedtheMassachusettsBayColonyin1630;TheybelievedthateverypersonshouldbeabletoreadtheBible,andsetupasystemofeducationinthecolony,eg. --In1636,HarvardCollegewasfounded;--In1634and1638,passedlawsusingtaxtosupportschools;ThePuritansintroducedtwopractices:compulsoryeducationforallchildrenandpublictaxationforschools.

IV.EducationinaNewNati52 ThestatueofJohnHarvard,founderofHarvardUniversity

HarvardUniversity:thenandnow ThestatueofJohnHarva53

InothercoloniesInPennsylvania,decisionsabouteducationwerelefttotheleadersofeachchurch.Insoutherncolonies,therichhiredtutorsfortheirchildren,orsentthemtoEnglandfortheireducation.Throughoutthecolonies,youngpeoplecouldlearnreadingbybecominganapprentice.

54The10thamendmenttotheConstitutionguaranteesthatcertainpowerremainsinthestates.Attheendofthe18thcentury,andtillnow,elementaryeducationintheU.S.wasandisinlocalhands.

The10thamendmenttotheCons55V.LearningtoBeWorldCitizensThepostwarpolitical,social,economicandtechnologicalchangeshadimpactsoneducation.TheSupremeCourtruledthatthepracticeofsegregatingblacksintoseparateschoolswasunconstitutional.(1954)U.S.MarshalsescortedRubyBridgestoanall-whiteschoolonNov.14,1960.

V.LearningtoBeWorldCitiz56The"inquiry"methodoflearning,focusingonsolvingproblemsratherthanmemorizingfacts,becamepopular.Moresciencecourseswereaddedtothecurriculum.Federalgovernmentspendingoneducationincreased.英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U857

VI.HigherEducation

•Aboutonethirdofhighschoolgraduatesgoontouniversity.•Studentsareadmittedintocollegeonthebasisof:a)theirhighschoolrecords;b)recommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachers;c)theimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversity;andd)theirscoresontheSATs.

VI.HigherEducation

•Ab58HighereducationsystemintheUSFourcategoriesofinstitutions-- 1.theuniversity,whichmaycontain:a)severalcollegesforundergraduatestudentsb)oneormoregraduateschoolsformaster'soradoctoraldegree;2.thefour-yearundergraduateinstitution--thecollege;3.thetechnicaltraininginstitution4.thetwo-year,orcommunitycollege.Highereducationsysteminthe59 UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley PresidentObamaattendingBarnardCollegeCommencement英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件U860Highereducationinstitutionsmightbepubliclyorprivatelyfunded.Thequalityandreputationofaninstitutionisdeterminedbyitsteachingfaculty,researchfacilities;amountoffunding,specialprograms,andhowselectivetheinstitutioncanbeinchoosingitsstudents. MIT’sMediaLab

Highereducationinstitutions61VII.SelectingaCollegeorUniversityThingsoneneedstoknow(I):entrancerequirementsFeesdegreesofferedlengthoftimetoearnadegree

VII.SelectingaCollegeorU62Degreesoffered:Attheundergraduate(college)level,afour-year"liberalarts"courseofstudy,orabachelorofscience(B.S.)isoffered.Atechnicaltraininginstitutionofferssuchcoursesasagricultureorbusinessatvaryinglengths.Acommunitycollegestudieslasttwoyears.Degreesoffered:Attheunderg63Atthegraduatelevel:Master'sanddoctor'sdegreesareofferedinboththeartsandsciences.Thecoursescanbecompletedintwotofouryears,sometimesevenlonger.Atthegraduatelevel:Master'64

Thingsoneneedstoknow(II):

Whatcurriculadoesacollegeoruniversityoffer?“major”“electives”Whataretherequirementsforearningadegree?acertainnumberof"credits".a"semester”of10to16weeks

Thingsoneneedstoknow(II)65

Thingsoneneedstoknow(III):

Isthecollegeoruniversityapublicinstitutionoraprivateone?Ifitisprivate,isitareligiousschool?Allcollegesdependon3sourcesofincomestudenttuitionendowmentsgovernmentfunding

Thingsoneneedstoknow(III66

Thingsoneneedstoknow(IV)

Howlargeistheschool? --Someuniversitieshaveover100000enrollments,anddozensofcampuses. --Largeuniversitiesofferthebestlibrariesandfacilities,andattractsleadingscholars.