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小试牛刀——
基本技巧2:逻辑关系小试牛刀——
基本技巧2:逻辑关系英语九年级完形填空3逻辑关系课件英语九年级完形填空3逻辑关系课件生活中常见的逻辑陷阱逻辑陷阱之一:轻率概括(HastyGeneralization)用片面的观点看待整体问题。比如说,萧敬腾每次去一个地方开演唱会,那个地方就下雨,于是大家都称他为“雨神”。那就犯了“轻率概括”的毛病。因为萧敬腾有几次演唱会下雨,就把这几次巧合当做成一个事实。再比如说,我们取快递的时候,因为有几次遇到的快递小哥都不负责,就认为所有的快递都不靠谱。
生活中常见的逻辑陷阱逻辑陷阱之二:预设谬误(fallacyofpresumption)在提问的时候就已经做了一个错误的假设。比如有人问你:三十岁还是单身,请问你压力大吗?表面上的问题是“你压力大吗?”其实还隐含另一个假设:三十岁的人不应该单身。再比如,女朋友问你:“我减不了肥,怎么办?”这时候,如果你回答“你再胖我都喜欢你”,那就中招了——女朋友这句话,也有一个隐含的假设:“我现在很胖。”所以,这个问题,本身就是一个逻辑陷阱。最好的回答是:谁说你胖了?
逻辑陷阱之二:预设谬误(fallacyofpresump逻辑陷阱之三:诉诸权威(appealtoauthority)运用得最广泛的逻辑陷阱是“诉诸权威”,也就是盲从地认同权威的主张。比如广告词里面经常出现的“某某专家、某某机构权威认证”。然后你会发现,这里说的专家,其实是其他领域的专家,跟他认证的品牌没有半毛钱关系。但很多人被“专家”“机构”这样的词汇迷惑住了。逻辑陷阱之三:诉诸权威(appealtoauthori逻辑陷阱之四:简单归因(Simpleattribution)意思是把原因简单化。你知道摄影师最烦的问题是什么吗?“你这张照片拍的真好!用什么相机拍的啊?”摄影师拍一张照片,会考虑光影、色彩、构图、快门、光圈等因素,而那些不懂摄影的人,却觉得“他们就是相机买得好”。
逻辑陷阱之四:简单归因(Simpleattributio逻辑陷阱之五:虚假两难(Falsedichotomy)最让男人头疼的问题,莫过于「我和你妈妈同时落水,你先救谁」了。不知道这个问题是谁发明的,但可以肯定的是:要么这个人不懂逻辑,要么是太懂逻辑了。因为,这个问题在逻辑上称为“虚假两难”,又叫假两难推理(Falsedichotomy),它把所有的可能性都屏蔽掉了,只给你两种选择。就像《电锯惊魂》里面的剧情一样。逻辑陷阱之五:虚假两难(Falsedichotomy)逻辑陷阱之六:树稻草人(Makethescarecrow)事情的前提与结论之间毫无逻辑关联。有一次,我在朋友圈吐槽说:现在的小学生作业多得做不完,为什么那些家长还要给孩子买更多的练习题呢?然后表姐回了一句:这些练习题既然出版了,总是要人去买啊!给孩子买练习题,本身没错;出版社出版练习题,也没错;但是,因为他们出版了、所以我们就要去买,这个逻辑就毫无关联可言。
逻辑陷阱之六:树稻草人(Makethescarecro逻辑陷阱之七:人身攻击(personalremark)“人身攻击”,顾名思义就是根据个人的主观意愿、针对他人及身体的文字、言论攻击。如果放在逻辑思维层面,就是通过贬低对方的方式,证明对方是错误的。比如:他是个懒鬼/赌徒/渣男,他说的话,你还能相信吗?比如:在里约奥运会游泳比赛后,霍顿无端说孙杨是“用药的骗子”,借此来证明孙杨不是他的对手,这就犯了“人身攻击”的谬误。
逻辑陷阱之七:人身攻击(personalremark)逻辑陷阱之八:滑坡谬误(Slipperyslope)简单来说,这种逻辑陷阱特别夸张,将因果关系串连起来,把“可能”当做是“绝对”。比如小明的父母说,你这次必须考100分,不然以后进不了好高中;进不了好高中,就读不了好大学、找不到好工作;最后只能扫大街。难道你想一辈子扫大街吗?越往后,越夸张。如果我们再顺着这个逻辑走下去,全宇宙的和平都岌岌可危了。
逻辑陷阱之八:滑坡谬误(Slipperyslope)英语九年级完形填空3逻辑关系课件一、常见逻辑关系的讲解常见逻辑关系讲解本句之间上下句之间段落之间一、常见逻辑关系的讲解常见逻辑关系讲解本句之间上下句之间段落(一)本句之间的逻辑关系
指那些只需要读懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的题目例题:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.(一)本句之间的逻辑关系(一)本句之间的逻辑关系
指那些只需要读懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的题目例题:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.(一)本句之间的逻辑关系(一)本句之间的逻辑关系
指那些只需要读懂空缺所在句便可填出答案的题目例题:Wecannotseetheclouds,ther_______andthestars.解析:此句中有并列连词and把clouds,空缺处和stars连接起来,所以要填的词,应该是和云彩,星星相并列的在天空中的名词,答案应该是rainbow。(一)本句之间的逻辑关系(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系
指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,此类题型包括前置性设空(即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目)和后置性设空(指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目)
前置性设空例题1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系
指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,此类题型包括前置性设空(即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目)和后置性设空(指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目)
前置性设空例题1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系
指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目,此类题型包括前置性设空(即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目)和后置性设空(指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目)
前置性设空例题1:Atreefallsdown,thenthesecond.Peoplechopthemtomakef______andpaper.解析:该空缺处有and连接,所以要填的空应该是和paper并列的名词,然后根据前文中“一个又一个树倒下来”,树木可以制作家具和纸张,所以,空缺处应该填furniture。(二)上下句之间的逻辑关系例题2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演习)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.例题2:例题2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演习)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.例题2:例题2:Therewillbeafiredrill(演习)attwoo’clockintheafternoon.Whenyouhearthea____,pleaseleaveyourclassroomsandgototheplayground.解析:上文中有“下午两点钟有火警演习”的提示,所以应该是听到“警报”之后,离开教室去操场,由此,可以推断出答案是alarm.例题2:后置性设空例题1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.后置性设空后置性设空例题1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.后置性设空后置性设空例题1:Withoutwater,yourbodywouldstopw_____.Apersoncan’tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewdays.解析:根据下文“如果没有水的话,人活不过几天的时间”,所以上文没有水的话,人的身体将会停止运转,由此,可以推断出空缺处应该是working。后置性设空例题2:“Isanybodythere?”Millieasked.N______answered.Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.例题2:例题2:“Isanybodythere?”Millieasked.N______answered.Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.解析:根据下文“他们又再次听到了奇怪的噪声”,所以刚才的提问没有人应答,由此,可以推断出答案是Nobody。例题2:(三)语篇之间的逻辑关系例题:OneSundaymorning,MillieandAmywenttoSunshinePark.Theylovetochatthere.Asusual,theysatunderthebigtree.Suddenly,theyheardawhisperfromthebushesbehindthetree.Theyturnedaroundbutcouldnotseeanythingunusual.Theyranawayquickly.Ontheirway,theysawAndy.'Whathappened?'Andyasked.'There'saghostinthepark.Pleasehelpus,'Milliesaid.'Really?Tellmemore,'Andysaid.MillietoldAndyeverything.Andywenttothepark,stoodbesidethetreeandlistenedcarefully.Thenheheardthewhisper!Helookedbehindthetreeandheardanotherwhisper.Hewasnowsurethesoundcamefromthebushes.Hesearchedcarefully.(三)语篇之间的逻辑关系'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmiaowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theywerestillfrightened.Andyopenedtheboxandshowedthemthe'ghost'.'Thisistheghostinthepark,'Andysaid.MillieandAmyweresurpriseditwasalittlecat!L_____thatday,theytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenter.Peopleinthecanterwouldtakecareofit.ThefollowingSunday,MillieandAmywenttoSunshineParkagainandhadagreattimethere.Theywerenotafraidanymore.
'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaid'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmiaowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theywerestillfrightened.Andyopenedtheboxandshowedthemthe'ghost'.'Thisistheghostinthepark,'Andysaid.MillieandAmyweresurpriseditwasalittlecat!L_____thatday,theytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenter.Peopleinthecanterwouldtakecareofit.ThefollowingSunday,MillieandAmywenttoSunshineParkagainandhadagreattimethere.Theywerenotafraidanymore.
解析:这是一篇记叙文,且文中有asusual,suddenly,then,等表示时间的副词,所以空缺也应该填一个表示“顺承”的时间副词,又是以L开头,所以应该填Later。'Oh!Hereitis,'Andysaid二、上下句之间的常见逻辑对立并列/递进因果条件举例时间目的二、上下句之间的常见逻辑对立并列/递进因果条件举例时间目的对立关系:包括让步和转折,对立表示前后句意思对立相反。让步翻译成“虽然,尽管,即使”;转折翻译成“但是,然而”,一般出现在后一句。例1:
________It’sawidehouse,itisdark.A.However B.Although C.If D.Because
对立关系:对立关系:包括让步和转折,对立表示前后句意思对立相反。让步翻译成“虽然,尽管,即使”;转折翻译成“但是,然而”,一般出现在后一句。例1:
________It’sawidehouse,itisdark.A.However B.Although C.If D.Because
例题分析:
让步关系,后一句“它很黑暗。”那么隐藏逻辑应该是前句“房子很小”。事实却是“房子很wide宽”。前后句意思相反,表示“尽管,虽然”,选B。对立关系:例2:AndtherearebeautifulbeacheshereinGalicia,althoughthereprobablyis79onthematthemoment.79.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody
例2:Andtherearebeautifulbe例2:AndtherearebeautifulbeacheshereinGalicia,althoughthereprobablyis79onthematthemoment.79.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody
例题分析:D。前一句“这里有漂亮沙滩”,那就应该后一句是“人多”,但是有个although,所以为“人多”的反义,即“没人”。
例2:Andtherearebeautifulbe例3:Inyourclassroom,youhavelearnedtoread“fast.”_______,outsideoftheclassroom,youshouldtrytolearntoread“slow.”80.A.Forexample B.Finally C.However D.What’smore
例3:Inyourclassroom,youhave例3:Inyourclassroom,youhavelearnedtoread“fast.”_______,outsideoftheclassroom,youshouldtrytolearntoread“slow.”80.A.Forexample B.Finally C.However D.What’smore
例题分析:转折,前一句“在你的教室里,读得快”。后一句“在你的教室外,读得慢。”前后两句“里外,快慢”是两对对立的关系,“然而,但是”,选C。例3:Inyourclassroom,youhave例4:Hewassenttohospitalimmediately,butthedoctorsbelievedthathemight81getwell.81.A.never B.ever C.always D.sometimes
例4:Hewassenttohospitalimm例4:Hewassenttohospitalimmediately,butthedoctorsbelievedthathemight81getwell.81.A.never B.ever C.always D.sometimes
例题分析:A。前一句“被送到医院”,后一句应该为“能治好”,但是“but”表明“治不好”,所以选A。例4:Hewassenttohospitalimm2.并列递进并列:指的是句子与句子之间在语义上相互关联,在句子结构上趋于相同,在句子成分上地位相当的关系。翻译成“和”。例5:Editorsreadthroughthestoriestocorrectmistakes.They
82
writeheadlinesandcaptions(图片说明).82.A.also B.never C.always D.hardly
2.并列递进2.并列递进并列:指的是句子与句子之间在语义上相互关联,在句子结构上趋于相同,在句子成分上地位相当的关系。翻译成“和”。例5:Editorsreadthroughthestoriestocorrectmistakes.They
82writeheadlinesandcaptions(图片说明).82.A.also B.never C.always D.hardly
例题分析:A前一句Editors通读故事以改正错误,后一句They(editors)写标题和图片说明,前后两句都是编辑做的两件事情,相同的动宾结构,表并列,翻译成“和”。2.并列递进例6:Notonlyhasshedoneallofthese83,butsincetheageof5,CalistahashelpedoutasmuchasshecanatalloftheSpecialOlympicseventsshegoesto.83.A.gently B.luckily C.silently D.successfully
例6:Notonlyhasshedoneall例6:Notonlyhasshedoneallofthese83,butsincetheageof5,CalistahashelpedoutasmuchasshecanatalloftheSpecialOlympicseventsshegoesto.83.A.gently B.luckily C.silently D.successfully
例题分析:D。Notonly…but(also)表并列,but后内容表明为D。例6:Notonlyhasshedoneall递进:指后一句以前一句为基点,并在程度上或范围上比前一句有更进一层的语义关系,翻译为“甚至,更,还,并且,而且”。例7:Flexibilityisthemainadvantage.Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire.___76____,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace.76.A.Inreturn B.Firstofall C.What’smore D.Asaresult
递进:指后一句以前一句为基点,并在程度上或范围上比前一句有更递进:指后一句以前一句为基点,并在程度上或范围上比前一句有更进一层的语义关系,翻译为“甚至,更,还,并且,而且”。例7:Flexibilityisthemainadvantage.Studentscanattendschoolwhereverandwhenevertheydesire.___76____,manyonlineschoolswillallowstudentstoworkattheirownpace.76.A.Inreturn B.Firstofall C.What’smore D.Asaresult
例题分析:前一句“(网校让)学生们可以随时随地去上学。”后一句是“网校将允许学生们以他们自己的速度去行事”。后一句进一步说明了前一句“网校”的灵活性,表示“并且”,选C。递进:指后一句以前一句为基点,并在程度上或范围上比前一句有更例8:Helikedthecourse.Besides,Yang’sclasswassointerestingthathealwayslistenedcarefully,never76whethertheotherstudentswerepayingattentionornotinclass.A.caringabout B.playingwith C.gettingreadyfor D.dependingon
例8:Helikedthecourse.Besid例8:Helikedthecourse.Besides,Yang’sclasswassointerestingthathealwayslistenedcarefully,never76whethertheotherstudentswerepayingattentionornotinclass.A.caringabout B.playingwith C.gettingreadyfor D.dependingon
例题分析:A。“前一句的总听得很仔细。”例8:Helikedthecourse.Besid3.因果:因果关系包括原因和结果,因果指的是前后文在语义上存在原因与结果的关系。“原因”出现在第一句,翻译为“因为、由于、既然”;“结果”出现在后一句,翻译成“所以、才、以致、因此、那么”。例9:___84___waterissoimportant,youmightwanttoknowwhetheryou'redrinkingenough.84.A.If
B.While
C.Although
D.Since
3.因果:因果关系包括原因和结果,因果指的是前后文在语义上3.因果:因果关系包括原因和结果,因果指的是前后文在语义上存在原因与结果的关系。“原因”出现在第一句,翻译为“因为、由于、既然”;“结果”出现在后一句,翻译成“所以、才、以致、因此、那么”。例9:___84___waterissoimportant,youmightwanttoknowwhetheryou'redrinkingenough.84.A.If
B.While
C.Although
D.Since
例题分析:前一句“水这么重要”,后一句“你可能想知道是否你喝了足量的水。”前后两句应为“既然水如此重要,那么我们想要知道自己喝的水够不够(还要不要补充对身体重要的水)”。前后为因果,出现在第一句为“因为”,只有D的since可以表“因为,既然”,选D。3.因果:因果关系包括原因和结果,因果指的是前后文在语义上例10:
Soon,Jamiecametothedoorandlookedatme78becauseshedidn’texpectmyvisit.78.A.inahurry B.withpleasure C.insurprise D.withcare
例10:Soon,Jamiecametothed例10:
Soon,Jamiecametothedoorandlookedatme78becauseshedidn’texpectmyvisit.78.A.inahurry B.withpleasure C.insurprise D.withcare
例题分析:C。后一句的“因为她没料到我的到来”。
例10:Soon,Jamiecametothed4.条件:表示有了某一种条件才能出现某种结果;没有这个条件,就不会出现这种结果,翻译成“只要、只有、除非、不管”。例11:83youdon’tunderstandaquestion,asktheinterviewertorepeatorexplain.83. A)Unless B)If C)Until D)As
4.条件:表示有了某一种条件才能出现某种结果;没有这个条件4.条件:表示有了某一种条件才能出现某种结果;没有这个条件,就不会出现这种结果,翻译成“只要、只有、除非、不管”。例11:83youdon’tunderstandaquestion,asktheinterviewertorepeatorexplain.83. A)Unless B)If C)Until D)As
例题分析:后一句“问面试官重复或解释”,“问”是在前一句“你不懂的”情况下发生的,懂的话就不用问了,所以为条件,选B,“如果”。4.条件:表示有了某一种条件才能出现某种结果;没有这个条件例12:Ifyoudothesethings85,the'shyness'snakewillsoonbegintoleaveyoualone.85.A)forawhile B)forthefirsttime C)intheend D)inaminute
例12:Ifyoudothesethings8例12:Ifyoudothesethings85,the'shyness'snakewillsoonbegintoleaveyoualone.85.A)forawhile B)forthefirsttime C)intheend D)inaminute
例题分析:A。后一句的soon,表示过一会儿。为了与之对应,选择A。例12:Ifyoudothesethings85.举例:通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来使想表达的意思让别人理解得更清晰明白和有说服力。例13:Yourbodyhaslotsofjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.___82___,yourbloodneedsalotofwatertocarryoxygentoeverypartofyourbody.Wateralsohelpstoprotect…82.A.Inaddition B.Forexample C.Bytheway
D.Inotherwords
5.举例:通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来使想表达的意思让5.举例:通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来使想表达的意思让别人理解得更清晰明白和有说服力。例13:Yourbodyhaslotsofjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.___82___,yourbloodneedsalotofwatertocarryoxygentoeverypartofyourbody.Wateralsohelpstoprotect…82.A.Inaddition B.Forexample C.Bytheway
D.Inotherwords
例题分析:B。第一句“你的身体需要水来运转”,第二句“水运送氧气到身体的各部位”,第三句“水还帮你……”。二三句都是距离说明水如何帮身体运转的。
5.举例:通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来使想表达的意思让6.时间:时间逻辑表明另一句子动作发生或进行的时间。例14:
82
yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.82.
A)Since
B)When
C)Until
D)Although
6.时间:时间逻辑表明另一句子动作发生或进行的时间。6.时间:时间逻辑表明另一句子动作发生或进行的时间。例14:
82
yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.82.
A)Since
B)When
C)Until
D)Although
例题分析:前一句“_______对你自己充满自信”,后一句“你一定能面对任何困难”。6.时间:时间逻辑表明另一句子动作发生或进行的时间。7.目的:预先设想的某行为的可能目标和结果。例15:Countyoursteps85youknowhowfaryouhavegoneandnoteanylandmarkssuchastowerblocksorhillswhichcanhelptofindoutwhereyouare.85.A)though B)since C)sothat D)when
7.目的:预先设想的某行为的可能目标和结果。7.目的:预先设想的某行为的可能目标和结果。例15:Countyoursteps85youknowhowfaryouhavegoneandnoteanylandmarkssuchastowerblocksorhillswhichcanhelptofindoutwhereyouare.85.A)though B)since C)sothat D)when
例题分析:C。“数脚步”的目的是“findoutwhereyouare.”7.目的:预先设想的某行为的可能目标和结果。【总结】句间逻辑类型
常考逻辑关系词对立关系让步:although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof
“虽然,尽管,即使,即便,不管”转折:but,however,yet,while,insteadof,not…..but“然而,但是”并列递进
并列:and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和/或/也,一方面……另一方面”递进:also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore
“还,甚至,并且,另外”【总结】句间逻辑类型常考逻辑关系词对立关系让步:al【总结】句间逻辑类型
常考逻辑关系词因果因为:because,for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,becauseof,nowthat,forthisreason
“因为,由于”所以:thus,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,asaresult“所以”条件if,unless,aslongas“如果,除非,只要,要是”举例suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them)“例如,比如”时间when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until/till,assoonas,atthesametime,everytime,bythetime目的inorderthat,sothat,soasto,inorderto“为了,以便,以致于”【总结】句间逻辑类型常考逻辑关系词因果因为:beca三、段落之间的常见逻辑并列总分对立三、段落之间的常见逻辑并列总分对立1.对立关系:一般放在段落首句表示与前一段的主旨思想对立相反。例1:“Drinkyourmilk.It’sgoodforyou!”You’veprobablyheardthatmanytimes,andit’strue.Milkcontainscalcium(钙),whichisnecessaryforkeepingbonesandteethhealthyandstrong.TheUSgovernmenteven
80
milkaspartoftheNationalSchoolLunchProgram,sayingthatstudentsshoulddrinkonecupoffat-freeorlow-fatmilkeverymeal.
However,agroupofdoctorsaskedthegovernmenttotakeitawayfromthelunchprogram.TheUS‘PhysicianCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine(PCRM)’says,“Milkishighinsugar,fatandanimalprotein,”allofwhicharenotso81tohealth.…80.A)requires
B)refuses C)drinks
D)stops81.A)harmful B)beautiful C)helpful D)awful1.对立关系:一般放在段落首句表示与前一段的主旨思想对立相1.对立关系:一般放在段落首句表示与前一段的主旨思想对立相反。例1:“Drinkyourmilk.It’sgoodforyou!”You’veprobablyheardthatmanytimes,andit’strue.Milkcontainscalcium(钙),whichisnecessaryforkeepingbonesandteethhealthyandstrong.TheUSgovernmenteven80milkaspartoftheNationalSchoolLunchProgram,sayingthatstudentsshoulddrinkonecupoffat-freeorlow-fatmilkeverymeal.
However,agroupofdoctorsaskedthegovernmenttotakeitawayfromthelunchprogram.TheUS‘PhysicianCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine(PCRM)’says,“Milkishighinsugar,fatandanimalprotein,”allofwhicharenotso81tohealth.…80.A)requires
B)refuses C)drinks
D)stops81.A)harmful B)beautiful C)helpful D)awful
例题分析:80.A。复习句间逻辑,前面的even表“递进”,前几句都是正向词,所以为正向。81.C。段落逻辑,由段首的转折词However可以看出与上一段的“对身体有好处”是相反的,即,“对身体没有好处”,所以此空选C。1.对立关系:一般放在段落首句表示与前一段的主旨思想对立相2.并列递进:指文章某一段是为了与前一段的内容相呼应,表示一种并列或更深一步说明的递进关系。例2:Agypsyfamilymayhaveasmanyastenchildren.Thechildreninagypsyfamilywilloftenlearndifferentskills.Theylearnhowtohuntforfood,identifydifferentplantsinthewild,andcook,fromayoungage.
80,gypsieslearntoplayinstrumentsanddanceatayoungage.Alotoftimeisspentwithmusic.IdonotknowifIwouldliketobeagypsy.Ienjoygoingtoschoolverymuch,andIfeellikeIwouldhavefewerfriendsifmyfamilymovedaroundsomuch.80.A)Aboveall B)Also C)Afterall D)Instead2.并列递进:指文章某一段是为了与前一段的内容相呼应,表示2.并列递进:指文章某一段是为了与前一段的内容相呼应,表示一种并列或更深一步说明的递进关系。例2:Agypsyfamilymayhaveasmanyastenchildren.Thechildreninagypsyfamilywilloftenlearndifferentskills.Theylearnhowtohuntforfood,identifydifferentplantsinthewild,andcook,fromayoungage.
80,gypsieslearntoplayinstrumentsanddanceatayoungage.Alotoftimeisspentwithmusic.IdonotknowifIwouldliketobeagypsy.Ienjoygoingtoschoolverymuch,andIfeellikeIwouldhavefewerfriendsifmyfamilymovedaroundsomuch.80.A)Aboveall B)Also C)Afterall D)Instead
例题分析:80.B。下文继续也是learnto…,所以承接上段的内容,所以为also。2.并列递进:指文章某一段是为了与前一段的内容相呼应,表示例3:Oneadvantageofspeakingmorethanonelanguageisthatyoucancommunicatedirectlywithmorepeoplearoundtheworld.Youdonothavetodependonotherstotalkforyou,soyou’remore77.Peoplewhoknowonlyonelanguagemustuseotherstohelpthemcommunicate.
78,speakingasecondlanguagealsoallowspeopletoexperienceotherculturesandcustomsmoreeffectively.Localexpressions,vocabularyandevenjokescanhaveapowerfuleffectonaperson’sunderstandingofanotherculture.So,knowingmorethanonelanguage79increasesyourknowledgeofothercultures.77.A.independent B.excited C.bored D.interested78.A.Forexample B.InawordC.What’smore D.Inthisway例3:Oneadvantageofspeaking例3:Oneadvantageofspeakingmorethanonelanguageisthatyoucancommunicatedirectlywithmorepeoplearoundtheworld.Youdonothavetodependonotherstotalkforyou,soyou’remore77.Peoplewhoknowonlyonelanguagemustuseotherstohelpthemcommunicate.
78,speakingasecondlanguagealsoallowspeopletoexperienceotherculturesandcustomsmoreeffectively.Localexpressions,vocabularyandevenjokescanhaveapowerfuleffectonaperson’sunderstandingofanotherculture.So,knowingmorethanonelanguage79increasesyourknowledgeofothercultures.77.A.independent B.excited C.bored D.interested78.A.Forexample B.InawordC.What’smore D.Inthisway例题分析:77.A。复习句间,从so可知答案在上句,上句为“不用依靠别人”,所以“独立”。78.C。此段承接上文,从另一个角度阐述了解多种语言的好处,因此为递进。例3:Oneadvantageofspeaking3.总分:指第一段总起,文章的下面各段都是在具体解释说明第一段的内容。Inone'slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou
fail
,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon'tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself(彻悟自我),youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow
whattodo
.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation(自我欣赏).Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.
When
yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.3.总分:指第一段总起,文章的下面各段都是在具体解释说明第Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto
83
yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon'tbehurt.Whenyouare
sad
,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon'tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85
cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.83.
A)takecareof
B)bekindto
C)bepleasedwith
D)dependon85.
A)Noone
B)Everyone
C)Someone
D)AnyoneTogetathoroughunderstandinTogetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto
83
yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon'tbehurt.Whenyouare
sad
,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon'tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85
cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.83.
A)takecareof
B)bekindto
C)bepleasedwith
D)dependon85.
A)Noone
B)Everyone
C)Someone
D)Anyone分析:此文为典型的总分结构,第一段讲“人不了解自己,如果都不了解自己可能会失去很多机会”。第二段讲“认识自己”,第三段讲“自我欣赏”,第四段讲“要自爱”。最后第五段总结,了解自己后就可以掌控人生,发现人生的美好。83.A
。本段段落内为总分总的结构,从最后一句的总结lookafter可以得出答案为takecareof。85.A。本文主旨是“要了解自己,认识自己,自我欣赏,自爱”,关键词是“自己”,所以最后一段为“没有其他人可以告诉你未来会怎样?”,只有“全面了解自我”。Togetathoroughunderstandin【总结】段落间逻辑类型
常考逻辑关系词对立让步:although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof“虽然,尽管,即使,即便,不管”转折:but,however,yet,while,insteadof,not…..but“然而,但是”并列递进
并列:and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和/或/也,一方面……另一方面”递进:also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore
“还,甚至,并且,另外”总分suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them)“例如,比如”【总结】段落间逻辑类型常考逻辑关系词对立让步:alt英语九年级完形填空3逻辑关系课件【句间逻辑1】1.
shewastooyoungtobecomearealvolunteeratthemoment,Calistafoundanotherwayshecoulddotohelp.A)But B)Because C)Although D)moreover
2.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,
abalcony(阳台),
everythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.A)but B)even C)aswellas D)orA)though B)thus C)as D)but
【句间逻辑1】【句间逻辑1】1.
shewastooyoungtobecomearealvolunteeratthemoment,Calistafoundanotherwayshecoulddotohelp.A)But B)Because C)Although D)moreover
2.Theseflatshavesmallrooms:alivingroom,abathroomandabedroom,
abalcony(阳台),
everythingiscarefullyplannedtomakegooduseofthelimitedspace.A)but B)even C)aswellas D)orA)though B)thus C)as D)but
练习答案:CCD【句间逻辑1】【句间逻辑2】Hewouldmakeoneperson
backwardwhileanotherpersonstoodbehindandcaughthim.A)fly B)jump C)lie D)fall2.
Teensisaweeklynewspaper,theprocessisnearlythesameasadailynewspaper's.A)Since B)When C)Whether D)Although3.Attheageof12,hestartedhismodelingcareer.
,thisjobdidnotlastlongbecausehislookbecametoo“mainly”afterseveralyears.A)inaddition B)However C)Lateron D)Instead
【句间逻辑2】【句间逻辑2】Hewouldmakeoneperson
backwardwhileanotherpersonstoodbehindandcaughthim.A)fly B)jump C)lie D)fall2.
Teensisaweeklynewspaper,theprocess
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