(完整版)富兰克林英文介绍

BenjaminFranklin(January17,1706–April17,1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.Anotedpolymath,Franklinwasaleadingauthorandprinter,politicaltheorist,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,satirist,civicactivist,statesman,anddiplomat.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheAmericanEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheo-riesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstove,acarriageodometer,andtheglass'armonica'.HeformedboththefirstpubliclendinglibraryinAmericaandthefirstfiredepartmentinPennsylvania.Franklinearnedthetitleof"TheFirstAmerican"forhisearlyandindefatigablecampaigningforcolonialunity;asanauthorandspokesmaninLondonforsev-eralcolonies,thenasthefirstUnitedStatesAmbassadortoFrance,heexempli-fiedtheemergingAmericannation.FranklinwasfoundationalindefiningtheAmericanethosasamarriageofthepracticalanddemocraticvaluesofthrift,hardwork,education,communityspirit,self-governinginstitutions,andopposi-tiontoauthoritarianismbothpoliticalandreligious,withthescientificandtoler-antvaluesoftheEnlightenment.InthewordsofhistorianHenrySteeleCom-mager,"InaFranklincouldbemergedthevirtuesofPuritanismwithoutitsde-fects,theilluminationoftheEnlightenmentwithoutitsheat."ToWalterIsaacson,thismakesFranklin"themostaccomplishedAmericanofhisageandthemostin-fluentialininventingthetypeofsocietyAmericawouldbecome."Franklin,alwaysproudofhisworkingclassroots,becameasuccessfulnewspa-pereditorandprinterinPhiladelphia,theleadingcityinthecolonies.HewasalsopartnerswithWilliamGoddardandJosephGallowaythethreeofwhompublishedthePennsylvaniaChronicle,anewspaperthatwasknownforitsrevo-lutionarysentimentsandcriticismsoftheBritishmonarchyintheAmericancol-onies.HebecamewealthypublishingPoorRichard'sAlmanackandThePennsyl-vaniaGazette.Franklingainedinternationalrenownasascientistforhisfamousexperimentsinelectricityandforhismanyinventions,especiallythelightningrod.HeplayedamajorroleinestablishingtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandwaselectedthefirstpresidentoftheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.FranklinbecameanationalheroinAmericawhenhespearheadedtheefforttohavePar-liamentrepealtheunpopularStampAct.Anaccomplisheddiplomat,hewaswidelyadmiredamongtheFrenchasAmericanministertoParisandwasama-jorfigureinthedevelopmentofpositiveFranco-Americanrelations.FormanyyearshewastheBritishpostmasterforthecolonies,whichenabledhimtosetupthefirstnationalcommunicationsnetwork.Hewasactiveincommunityaffairs,colonialandstatepolitics,aswellasnationalandinternationalaffairs.From1785to1788,heservedasgovernorofPennsylvania.Towardtheendofhislife,hefreedhisslavesandbecameoneofthemostprominentabolitionists.Hiscolorfullifeandlegacyofscientificandpoliticalachievement,andstatusasoneofAmerica'smostinfluentialFoundingFathers,haveseenFranklinhonoredoncoinageandmoney;warships;thenamesofmanytowns,counties,educa-tionalinstitutions,namesakes,andcompanies;andmorethantwocenturiesaf-terhisdeath,countlessculturalreferences.BookreportFranklinwasnotinfavorablegrowthenvironment,anditshouldbearelativelyplainappearance.In1706hewasinNorthAmerica,thehomeof17children.Hisfatherisinvolvedinwaxandsoapasasmallbusinessman,Franklinenteredtheschoolforabouttwoyearsbeforedroppingoutofschoolbecauseoffamilydis-tress.Thenhewenttoworkasanapprenticeinhisbrother’sshop,theapprenticedayswasverydifficult,buthedidagooduseoftheapprenticeshipleisuretimetostudyhard,andreadalotofbooksinpolitics,science,historyandliterature.HewasalsoproficientintheuseofFrench,Italian,SpanishandLatin.In1726Franklinmanagesaprintingfactory,itwasagreatsuccesswhichcreatedalegendoftheAmericandream,andheprintedahugeimpact“Pennsylvania”.Heinventedthelightningrod,dual-purposeglasses,newstoveandnewlights.Hepi-oneeredtheNorthAmericancoloniesthesloganthatis“notjointhedeath”anddraftedoutthedraftingof“DeclarationofIndependence”publishedin1771whichchangedthefateofcountlesspeople,andthisbookgaveadescriptionofitspro-cessofgrowthandexhortedthepeopletobepositive.(换ppt)TherearealotofProverbsinthisbookthatFranklinfeltinhislife,readingthisbookisnotonlytofeelthesentiment,butalsotocombinetheirtrainingandhu-manityandthentoimproveourselves,thebookdescribeseachchapterareatrueportrayalofhislifeandtellushowtogetalltheperceptionwhichinspiredmeverymuch.Inhisview,readingisthekeytosuccess.Booksgiveuswisdom,strengthenourdeterminationandletushavethewisdomofthetripofourlife.Franklinattachesgreatimportancetohisvirtue.Therefore,heproposedto13re-quirementsforhimselfnamely:control,quiet,orderlylife,determination,frugal-ity,diligence,sincerity,justice,moderation,cleanliness,tranquility,chastityandhumility.Hehasbeentryingtodothat,thoughhecannotcompletelymeetalltherequirements,buthewaspersistent.Thepeoplewhocanmeetthe13require-mentscanbecalled“saints”ofthefactthatpeoplearerarelyperfect,butitcanpursuesuchaperfectpeopleintheUnitedStatesandGermanywhohaveachievedgreatsuccess.FranklinwasreveredasthefatherofAmericaforhisimpressiveimagethatcanmaintainafrugallifestyleofworkforthepublicwelfareandmakeimmortalcon-tributions,comparedtothemajorityofpeoplewecanknewhowimpetuousweare.(huan)Inthisclear,crisplywrittenstoryofhislife,BenjaminFranklinshowsthereaderwhathischildhoodwaslikeandwhathecametovalueasmeaningfulandworth-whiletechniquesofcommunication,conduct,andself-improvement.Aconscien-tiousandseriousyouth,Franklinneverthelesslefthisboyhoodtownbecausehehadimpregnatedayounglady.Thisearlyactofresponsibilityledhimtopursueworkthatledhim,inthecomingyearsoftheAmericanRevolution,tobeastrongadvocateofpoliticalindependence,evenatthecostofwar.FranklinbecameasfineastatesmanasevertheUnitedStateswastoproduce.Oneofthecountry'sfoundingfathersandatirelesschampionofindividualliberty,healsoservedastheAmericanambassadortoFrance.Hetellsofhowhelearnedtheprintingtradeandhowheestablished"PoorRichard'sAlmanac."Healsoshareswithhisreadershishopesforthefreecountrythathehelpedtobringintobeing.Thereadercannothelpbutadmirethisbrilliantandbravefoundingfather,asmuchforhishumilityasforhisservicestohiscountryanditsfuturecitizens.(huan)名言Silenceisnotalwaysasignofwisdom,butbabblingiseverafolly.沉默并不是智慧的标志，但唠叨永远是一项蠢行。Contentmakespoormenrich;discontentmakesrichmenpoor.知足使贫穷的人富有；而贪婪使富足的人贫穷。Iftimebeingofth