Unit 9 Kids and Computers公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

Unit9KidsandComputers:

DigitalDangerAlisonSperry

digitaladj.

processing,operatingon,storing,transmitting,representing,ordisplayingdataintheformofnumeralsfrom0through9e.g.Shehasadigitalalarm-clockandtwodigitalwatches.Thereisadigitalcomputerintheoffice.Istheinventionofcomputerablissoranightmareforhumanbeings?Lead-in15岁少年杀死干扰自己上网母亲后，继续打网游、、、Lead-inComputergameboardgameTalkingintherealworldChattingonlineLead-inpaintingwithwatercolors"coloring"withadesktoppaint-boxLead-in 1.Computersareindispensableinandoutofclassforourstudies.Computerscanbeusedforinformation,instructionandentertainment.Howdoyoutakeadvantageofyourcomputer?Opentodiscussion.Lead-in 2.Withtheadventofcomputers,videogamescameintobeing,whichhavearousedgreatcontroversy.Doyouplaythem?Andwhat'syouropinionaboutthem,helpfulorharmfulinyourlife?Opentodiscussion.Lead-in Thisexpositoryessay,developedmainlybycontrast,containsvividaccounts,andimpressivedescriptionsofbothtypicallyactiveandpassivegamesthatkidsoftenplay.Asissuggestedbythetitle,thisessaymainlyprovesorillustratesthedigitaldangertowhichsomanychildrenareexposed.Arecomputergamesfundamentallydifferentfromboardgames(棋类）?Doestalkingonthephonedevelopthesameskillsaschattingonline?What'sthedifferencebetweenpaintingwithwatercolorsand"coloring"withadesktoppaint-boxprogram?AlisonSperry,thewriterofthisessayexploredthesequestionsandcameupwithsomedisturbinganswers.Lead-in

Nintendobabies(Paragraph2) childrenwhogrewupduringaperiodwhenvideogamesdevelopedbyNintendoCo.,Ltd.(任天堂企业),aleadingmanufacturerofhomevideogamesandportablevideogames,wereverypopular.Relevantinformation

VirtualBoyandMortalKombat(Paragraph2) VirtualBoyisNintendo'sunique3-Dgamingsystemandwasreleasedinfall,1995;MortalKombatisaseriesofNintendo'sfightinggames.Relevantinformation

UncleWiggly(Paragraph2) aseriesofpopularchildren'sstoriesthemedaroundakindly,elderly,rabbitgentleman,UncleWigglyLongears,whichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garriswhowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50yearsRelevantinformation

Play-Doh(Paragraph3) atrademarkforasoftcoloredmodelingmaterialusedespeciallybychildrenRelevantinformation

Monopoly(Paragraph7) atrademarkforareal-estatetradingboardgameRelevantinformation AlisonSperrygraduatedwithabachelor‘sdegreeinhistoryandmuseumstudiesinfromtheStateUniversityofNewYork,CollegeatPotsdam.Upongraduation,heobtainedamanager’spositionattheBellagioGalleryofFineArtinLasVegas,NV.AfterrelocatingtoHawaiiheiscurrentlyenrolledintheLibraryandInformationScienceGraduateProgramattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Healsoworksasafreelancewriter(自由撰稿人）foronlinepublications.RelevantinformationKeywords:activeelectricgamespassiveelectricgamesimpactdangerTheStructurePart1Part2Part3Part1(Para.1-2)thebeginningpart,presentthefirstcontrast:thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkids,whilethesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofpassivegamesonchildren.

Thesetwoparagraphs,makingupthebeginningpartofthetext,introducethetopicoftheessay.Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren. 1. There'safamiliarsaying,"Playischildren'swork."Throughplay,peoplewhostudychilddevelopmenttellus,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.

Playinghouseorschool,forexample,helpsthem"tryon"therolesofMomorDadorteacher.Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.

Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.Whatdochildrenlearnthroughplayinghouseorschool,athleticandsolitaryactivitiesaccordingtoexpertsinchilddevelopment?Theydeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?Thefirstparagraphexemplifiesthestatementthatthroughplaychildrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.outlook:1)yourgeneralattitudetolifeandtheworldHe'sgotagoodoutlookonlife.Shestillhasanoptimisticoutlookforthefuture.2)whatisexpectedtohappeninthefutureTheoutlookfortheweekendisunsettled,withperiodsofheavyrain.总说来，这个企业前景显得相当美好。Overalltheoutlook

forthecompanyseemsfairlyrosy.

determinevt. decide,fixsth.precisely;influencedecisivelye.g.Wehavenotdeterminedadateforthemeetingyet.Doheredityandenvironmentdetermineone'scharacter?Theexamresultscoulddetermineyourcareer.

“Throughplay,childrendeveloptheskillsandoutlooksthatdeterminetheadultstheywillbecome.”ParaphraseByplayinggames...kidsacquiretheskillsandformtheviewsthatwilldecidewhatkindofgrown-upstheywillbe.

“Playinghouseorschool,”

PlayingoractingthepartofMomorDadorteacher?ParaphraseHerethetwowordshouseandschoolareusedascasesofmetonymy.Note

coordinationn. theskillfulandbalancedmovementsofdifferentparts,especiallypartsofthebody,atthesametimee.g.Gymisasportthatcallsforaconsiderablelevelofcoordinationonthepartofthegymnasts.Yourteamlostthematchforlackofcoordination.

gain/getsomeone'sconfidence tomakesomeonefeelthattheycantrustyoue.g. Youneedtogainthehorse'sconfidence.为了帮助他们孩子取得社会竞争信心，家长经常在家庭游戏比赛中有意输给孩子。Inordertohelptheirkidsgainconfidenceinsocialcompetition,parentsoftenpretendtoloseingamesathome.

fairplay:(c.f.foulplay) conductthatadherestorulesorisjustandequitable,esp.insportse.g.Asareferee,youmustensurethatthereisfairplayinthegamefrombeginningtoend.Bytheway,theoppositeoffairplayisfoulplay.Thefootballerwasgivenaredcardbecauseofseriousfoulplay. “Athleticactivitieshelpkidsdevelopcoordination,learntoworkaspartofagroup,andgainconfidenceandasenseoffairplay.”ParaphraseCompetitivesportsactivitieshelpchildrendeveloptheirabilitytoworkincollaborationwithothers,builduptheirconfidenceanddevelopanawarenessofplayingthegameinafairandhonestway.

empathyn. theabilitytoidentifywithandunderstandanotherperson'sfeelingsordifficultiese.g.Ashegrewupinanorphanage,heseemstohavegreatempathywithhomelesscatsanddogs.

“Evensolitaryactivitieslikereadingconnectchildrenwiththewiderworld,encouragingasenseofempathywiththegreaterhumanfamily.”

ParaphraseEvenactivitiesdonealonesuchasreadingenablechildrentohaveconnectionswiththeoutsideworld,inspiringthemtodeveloptheabilitytoidentifythemselvesmentallywithpeopleingeneral. 第1段汉字译文 有一句众人皆知俗语：“玩是孩子们工作。”研究儿童发展人告诉我们，孩子就是在玩过程中培养技能和世界观，并由此决定他们长成怎样成人。比如说，扮家家或假装上学帮助他们“尝试”妈妈、父亲或老师角色。体育活动帮助他们养成协作精神，学会作为团体一员工作方法，以及培养自信心和光明磊落意识。甚至独自一人开展活动，像阅读，让孩子们接触更为辽阔世界，勉励他们养成对更多人富有同情心。 2. Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.

Formanykids,computeractivitiesandvideogamesnowtakeupmuch—evenmost—ofthetimeformerlydevotedtomoretraditionalformsofplay.EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.Howhavetheybeenaffectedbythischangeintheconceptof"play"?Socialscientists,parents,andtalkshowpunditswillbedebatingthequestionforyearstocome.Butwecanstartdrawingourownconclusions.

Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children—andsocietytheylivein—aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.

Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.Whatdoestheauthorconcludefromthechangeintheconceptofchildren’splay?Althoughelectronicentertainmentsmaybeamusingandingenious,childrenareactuallytheloserswhenbecomingdependentonthoseformsbecausetheyencouragechildrentobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelyindifferenttotheworldaroundthem.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?Thesecondparagraphpointsouttheenormousimpactofelectronicentertainmentonchildren.Inotherwords,justasthewriterconcludes,"Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children--andsocietytheylivein--aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem."

impactn. astrongeffecte.g.Thenewmoviemadeagreatimpactontheviewers.Heneverdreamedofsuchanimpacthisexperimentproducedinthescientificworld. “Butinveryrecentyears,otherformsofentertainmenthavehadanenormousimpactongrowingchildren.”ParaphraseRecently,however,otherformsofamusementhavehadatremendouseffectongrowingchildren.

videogames:

gamesplayedbymanipulatingimagesproducedbyacomputerprogramonascreene.g.Somechildrenplayvideogamesalmosteveryday,whichdoesmuchharmtotheirhealth.Forsomekids,videogamesoccupytoomuchoftheirfreetime.

VirtualBoyandMortalKombat:twovideogames VirtualBoy,Nintendo'sunique3-Dgamingsystem,wasreleasedinfall,1995;MortalKombatisaseriesofNintendo'sfightinggames.

UncleWiggly:

akindly,elderly,rabbitgentlemaninaseriesofpopularchildren'sstorieswhichwerefirstwrittenin1910byHowardR.Garris,whowroteanewadventureeverydayfor50years

“EnteringadulthoodnowarethefirstNintendobabies,agenerationraisedmoreonVirtualBoyandMortalKombatthanbaseballandUncleWiggly.”ParaphraseBecomingadultsnowarethefirstgroupofpeoplewhospenttheirchildhoodplayingNintendo,agenerationofkidswhohavedevotedmoretimetoplayingvideogamesthanplayingbaseballandreadingstoriesofUncleWiggly.

punditn. sb.whoisanauthorityonasubjecte.g.Theboyalwaysassumestheairofasportspundit.Thatfilmwasratedasthebestoneoftheyearbyapanelofwell-knowntelevisionpundits.

“Asamusingandingeniousaselectronicentertainmentcanbe,children—andsocietytheylivein—aretheloserswhentheyrelyontheseformsoffun.”ParaphraseThoughgames,shows,videdbyelectronicdevicessuchascomputersandvideomachinescanbeenjoyableandoriginal,children—andsocietytheylivein—arethevictimsiftheyindulgeintheseformsofamusementsolely. desensitizevt. reduceordestroythesensitivenessof;(fig.)makesb.unabletocareabouthowotherpeoplefeelThisareaofskinhasbeendesensitized.ChildrenbecomedesensitizedwhenexposedtoviolenceonTV.e.g. “Unliketraditionalgamesandtoys,"wired"entertainmentencourageskidstobeunimaginative,sociallyimmature,andcrudelydesensitizedtotheworldaroundthem.”ParaphraseDifferentfromtraditionalgamesandtoys,entertainmentprovidedbyelectronicdevices,whichispassivebynature,makeschildrenbecomedullandunoriginal.Asaresultofspendingtoomuchtimeonsuchentertainment,childrenlackemotionaldevelopmentinsocialcommunicationandmaybecomecrudelyinsensitivetothepeoplearoundthem. 第2段汉字译文

然而，近几年来，其它娱乐形式对孩子成长产生了巨大冲击。现在有许多孩子，电脑活动和电子游戏占据了他们许多——甚至全部——时间，以前这些时间是花在比较传统游戏上面。现在长大成人是第一批玩“任天堂”孩子，是一代凭借玩“虚拟男孩”和“致命战斗”养大，而并非靠打垒球或看连环画《维格列大叔》带大。这种“玩”理念上改变对孩子产生了什么影响？社会科学家、家长，还有脱口秀教授在未来岁月里将对这个问题争论不休。不过，我们能够开始得出我们自己结论。（续）

（接）即使电子娱乐可能是很有趣，也很富有创意，不过，一旦沉湎于这种形式娱乐，孩子以及他们生活社会必定是输家。与传统游戏和玩具不一样，“联网”娱乐形式会造成孩子缺乏想象力、社会生活不成熟，以及对身边世界毫无掩饰地麻木不仁后果。Part2(Para.3-8)

concretelyillustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesonkidsandthenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivities.Theseparagraphs,thebodyofthispersuasiveessay,illustratethepositiveinfluenceofactivegamesandactivitiesonkids,andvividlyexemplifythenegativeimpactofpassiveelectronicgamesoractivitiesonchildren.Throughthethreecontrastspresentedinthispart,theauthor'sviewpointbecomesunequivocallyclear. 3. WatchachildtakeaballofPlay-Dohinherhandandbegintorollitexperimentally.Firstit'sasimpleball,thenasnake.Thesnakemightbecomeafigureeightorabracelet.Shecoilsthebraceletontopofitselftocreateapotthatsheusesforamake-believeteaparty.Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.Withnothingbutherhandsandaninexpensivechunkofflourandsalt,sheformsauniverseinwhichshemakestherulesandcreatestheinhabitants.Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoashapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse. TheactofplayingwiththePlay-Dohsparksotherinterests—maybeshe'llworkwithmodelingclaythatshecanbakeintoapermanentform,orpaints,orpapier-mâchéAlthoughshedoesn'tgivewhatshe'sdoingagreatdealofthought,she'slearningsomethingvaluable:Iamacreator.Icangivemyideastangibleform. coilvt. oacircularorspiralshapeThesnakecoileditselfaroundthebranch.Shecoiledherhairatthebackofherhead.e.g.

make-believeadj. theactivityofpretendingthatsomethingisrealorthatasituationisbetterthanitreallyise.g. Dissemblingenough,hewasnotsufficientlyoilyandmake-believe.我不赞同儿童玩电子游戏一个原因是其中有太多假想暴力场面。OneofreasonswhyIdisapproveofkidsplayingvideogamesisthattheretendtobetoomanymake-believescenesofviolence.

morphv. totransformfromonegraphicimageonscreenintoanotherorothers,throughtheuseofsophisticatedcomputersoftwaree.g.Withaclickofthemouse,theboymorphedMickeyMouseintoWinniethePooh.

“Nextshesmashesthepotbackintoaball,whichmaynextmorphintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.”ParaphraseNextshehitsthepotveryhardandchangesitbackintoaball,whichmaynextbetransformedintoasnowman,ahorse'shead,abunny,aseaserpent,oraskyscraper.

tireofsomeone/something tobecomeboredwithsomeoneorsomething e.g. You'llsoontireoftheirmusic. Shequicklytiredofhiscompany.

一天又一天做一样形式练习会让学生厌倦这些练习。Doingthesametypeofexercisesdayafterdaywouldeasilygetstudentstiredofthem.

wadvt. oasmallmasse.g.Thepassengerwaddedupthepunchedticketandthrewitaway.

“Whenshetiresofit,shecanwaditbackintoashapelessmassthatawaitshernextcreativeimpulse.”ParaphraseWhenshelosesinterestinit,shecanturnitbackintoaformlessmass,whichwillbechangedintosomethingelsewhenhernextwhimtoplaywithitoccurs.

sparkv. togiveoutorproducesparks;stimulateorincitesth.e.g.Firefliesweresparkinginthegatheringdarkness.Hiscommentsparkedoffaquarrelbetweenthem.Fearofnuclearwarsparkedangrydemonstrations.

modelingclay: clayusedformakingmodels

bakev. tocookfoodbydryheatinanovenoronahotsurface,withoutdirectexposuretoaflame;undergotheprocessofbeingbaked;hardenclay,etc.byheate.g.ShebakessomeapplepiesinthegenuineAmericanstyleforherChinesefriends.Cookiesbakequickly.

papier-mâchén. paperpulpusedformoldingintoboxes,trays,etc.用来制作模型纸浆或纸板；混凝纸浆e.g.Thewordpapier-mâchéisawordofFrenchorigin.Shecreatedabeautifulpapier-mâchémask.

tangibleadj. abletobetouched;abletoberealizede.g.Thebeautyinthemirrorisnottangible.Apartfromfreeaccommodation,othertangiblebenefitsincludearaiseinsalaryandshorterworkinghours.

“Icangivemyideastangibleform.”ParaphraseIcangivemyideasadefiniteform.//Icanturnmyideasintodefinitethings. 第3段汉字译文

看着一个孩子抓起一团橡皮泥，开始试着让它滚动起来。开始是一个普通球，接着变成了一条蛇。这条蛇或许会变成8字形或一个手镯。孩子把手镯上端卷起来，做出一把茶壶，她用这把茶壶举行一场假装茶话会。接下来，她把茶壶又捏成一团，或许再做成雪人、马头、小兔子、海蛇，或者摩天大楼。除了用自己双手、一团用面粉和盐混成不值钱一团东西，她不需要其它东西，就能够做出一个世界，为之制订规则和创造居民。等她玩腻了，能够把它再次捏成没有形状一团，等候下一次创作冲动。（续）

（接）玩耍橡皮泥还会激发其它兴趣——她可能会用建模黏土做一样东西，烤制成一个永久形状，或者图画，再或者纸浆制品。即使她对自己做事情没花太多心思，不过她学会了有价值东西：我是个创造者，我能给自己想法赋予详细形状。 4. Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.Theplayerisgivenvariouschoicesateveryturn—WhichdoorwillIgothrough?WhichweaponwillIuse?WhatclueshallIread?—Buttheyarechoicesinthesamesensethatapigeon'speckingatalevertogetagrainofcornisachoice.Theplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick.Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelse'screationunfold.

HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyou'reapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,"WhatdoIdowithit?"

Thevideogameplayerlearnsherownlesson:Idon'tcreate.Iletsomeoneelse'screativityhappeninfrontofme. 1.Pleaseexplainthefirstcontrastpresentedinthispartindetail.Thefirstcontrastispresentedinparagraphsthreeandfour.First,thewriterdescribeshowachildplayswithaballofPlay-Dohandhowshechangesitfromoneshapeintoanother;next,thewriterconcludesthatalthoughsheisnotgivingmuchthoughttowhatsheisdoing,sheislearningsomethingvaluable:sherealizesthatsheisacreatorandthatshecangiveherideasatangibleform.Then,thewriterrecountshowachildplaysavideogame,pointingoutthattheplayerisasmuchatoolofthegameasthejoystick. Finally,thewritertellsushowachildrearedonthesteriledietofvideogamesreactswhenheisgivenaballofPlay-Doh,anddrawstheconclusionthatthevideogameplayerlearnshisownlesson:hedoesn'tcreate;hejustletssomeoneelse'screativityhappeninfrontofhim.Thus,thewritercreatesasharpcontrastthroughboththevividlyrecountedexamplesandhisowncommentsandconclusionsaboutthedifferenteffectsoftheactivegameandthepassivegameupontheplayers.

programvt. toprovide(acomputer,etc.)withcodedinstructionsfortheautomaticperformanceofaparticulartask;traintobehaveinapredeterminedwaye.g.Thisradioisprogrammedtoswitchitselfonat6p.m.Theirearlytrainingprogrammedthemtobeobedientandsubmissive.

“Avideogame,ontheotherhand,iscynicallyprogrammedtogivetheillusionofcreativity.”ParaphraseAvideogame,ontheotherhand,isdesignedsarcasticallytogiveitsplayersthefalseimpressionthattheyarebeingcreativebecausetheyatleastcanmakechoicesoftheirown.

ateveryturn: everywhereorallthetimeoreverytimee.g.Shefoundherplanfrustratedateveryturn.Thegirlkeepsmeetingtheboyateveryturn.

peckv. (tryto)strikesth.withthebeak;getormakesth.bystrikingwiththebeake.g.Hensfeedbypecking.Thebirdispeckingatthewindow.Thesparrowsarepeckinggrains.Heissaidtobeahenpeckedhusband.

joystickn. control-leveronanaircraft,computer,etc.

hypnoticadj. oforproducinghypnosisorasimilarcondition;(ofadrug)producingsleepe.g.Thepatientisinahypnotictrance.Hecannotsleepwell,buthenevertakesanyhypnoticdrug.

unfoldv. (causesth.to)openorspreadoutfromafoldedstate;(fig)(causesth.to)berevealedormadeknowne.g.Thegardenchaircanunfoldtomakeacampbed.Theeagleunfoldeditswings.Thelandscapeunfoldedbeforeus.Sheunfoldedherplanstome.我已安排好周四同他共进午餐，到时我将向他透露我计划。I'vearrangedalunchwithhimnextThursdayatwhichI'mgoingtounfoldmyproposal.

“Hermomentaryfunisunsatisfyingbecauseitleadsnottoanygenuinesenseofachievementbutonlytothehypnoticexperienceofwatchingsomeoneelse'screationunfold.”ParaphraseHerfunthatlastsonlyforabriefmomentisnotsatisfyingatallbecauseitdoesnotsparkanyrealawarenessofachievementbutmerelythetasteofmindlesslywatchingsomeoneelse'screatedworkorgamespreadoutinfrontofher.

sterileadj. unproductive,producingnousefulresults;freefromgerms,bacteria,etc.e.g.Theyhadasterilediscussion.Anoperatingtheatreshouldbecompletelysterile.

“HandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildrearedonthesterileadventureofvideogames,andyou'reapttogetablanklookandthehesitantquestion,"WhatdoIdowithit?“”

ParaphraseIfyouhandaballofPlay-Dohtoachildwhospendstoomuchtimeonexcitingbutunproductivevideogames,youarelikelytoseeanexpressionlesslookonhisfaceandtobeasked,inanuncertainmanner,"WhatdoIdowithit?"第4段汉字译文

然而，电子游戏很可笑，是人为编程，给人创新性假想。玩游戏人每一步有各种选择：要进那扇门？要用哪种武器？要阅读哪条线索？不过，这种选择，与鸽子口啄杠杆得到一粒玉米选择是一样道理。玩游戏人与游戏操纵杆一样，都是游戏工具。她那短暂高兴是无法让她满足，因为游戏带来并非真正意义上成就感，只不过是迷迷糊糊地看着他人创作东西展现眼前一个体验。（续）

（接）那一团橡皮泥要是交给在电子游戏贫乏冒险经历中长大孩子，很可能看到一脸茫然，还有犹豫不定问题：“我用它干什么啊？”玩电子游戏人吸收她自己经验：我不创造。我让他人创造发生在我眼前。 5. It'sabeautifulSaturdayinautumn,andagroupofkidsareplayingapickupgameofsoccer.Adisputearisesaboutwhetherakickwentoverthefoulline.Someofthekidsaresureitdid;othersinsistthatitdidnot.Voicesareraised;tempersflare.Maybeahotheadortwowillstalkoffthefield.Buttheskyiscrystalblue,andtherearechoreswaitingathome.Makingaquickcalculationabouttherelativebenefitsofcontinuingthegame,theplayersworkoutasolution.Maybetheyreplaythekick.Maybetheyflipacoin. Maybetheyagreetosaythattheballwasfair,orfoul.Theirwillingnesstocompromise,toaccepttheideathatsuchgive-and-takeispartoflife,allowsthegametoproceed.Theplayersmoveon,havinglearnedasmalllessonaboutgettingalongwithothers.Whatisthepointtheauthortriestomakewiththesoccergamedispute?Thepointtheauthorwantstomakeisthatchildrencanlearnthroughthegametomakecompromises,toaccepttheideaofgive-and-takeinlife,andtogetalongwithothers.

apickupgameofsoccer:

rmallyorganizedonthespotandmadeupoforinvolvingpeopleavailableatthetimee.g.Attheget-together,weputupapickupchorustoextendourcongratulationstothenewly-weds.

thefoulline:

thelinethatshowsuswhetheranactionisagainsttherulesornot;thelinethatindicateswhetherastroke,kick,etc.isvalidornote.g.Wethoughtthatwemadeatouchdown,buttherefereesaidthattheballwentoverthefoulline.

flarev. tobecomesuddenlyangry

Atthemeeting,tempersflaredandharshwordswereexchanged.e.g.

“Voicesareraised;tempersflare.”Voicesgrowlouderandlouderandthekidsflyintoafitofanger.Paraphrase hotheadn. animpetuousperson,apersonwhooftenactshastilyorrashlye.g.Heissuchahotheadthatnobodywantstocooperatewithhim.

stalkvi. walkwithslowstiffstrides,esp.inaproud,self-importantorthreateningwaye.g.Hestalkedangrilyoutoftheroom.Theyoungmanisstalkingalongtheroad.

flipacoin: tossitwithasharpmovementofthethumbandtheforefingersothatitturnsoverrepeatedlyintheair;flickitwithaquickmovementsothatitspinsintheaire.g.Heflippedacoinandthengraspeditinhishand,askingtheboywhichsidewasup,theheadorthetail.

give-and-taken. willingnesstobemutuallytolerant,cooperative,andforgivingwithinarelationshipe.g.Ifthedisputeistoberesolved,theremustbesomegive-and-take.Husbandandwifemustknowthatgive-and-takeispartoflife. 第5段汉字译文

那是一个秋天漂亮周六，有一群孩子暂时组织了一场足球赛。突然他们为足球是不是踢出了边线争论了起来。有几个说必定踢出界了；其余几个坚持说没有。嗓门提升了，火气也大了。可能一两个暴脾气家伙会大步走出场地。不过，天空一片湛蓝，而且家里还有些杂活要干。很快地盘算一下继续踢球有什么好处，于是球员们做出决定。可能他们重新踢一脚。可能他们掷硬币。（续）

（接）可能他们一致同意，说那球没出线，或出线了。他们愿意妥协，接收在生活中就得互谅互让理念，使得这场游戏继续下去。踢足球孩子继续踢球，稍稍学会了与人相处道理。 6. ContrastthatscenewiththeworldoftheInternetchatrooms,wheremanyadolescentsspenduncountablehours.OnthatsamelovelySaturday,ayoungInternetqueenhunchesoverherkeyboard,aloneinherroom.Herbuddylistincludesdozens,evenscores,of"friends"she'snevermet.Herfingersflyacrossthekeyboardassheracesfromonedialogueboxtoanother,keepingupmultipleconversations.

Thesearepeculiarconversations,however,includingnoneofthevulnerabilitythatispartofreal-worldfriendship.Inthebuddy-chatworld,statusisbasedontheabilitytokeepuparapidpaceofone-liners,insultingzingers,causticput-downs.

Thechatqueen'smostintimatefriendshipstaketheformofbriefallianceswithbuddieswhojoinwithherto"flame"anotherchatterwhohasdispleasedthem.

Ifthatallyeventuallybecomesannoying,too,zap!Shecaninstantaneouslyerasehimfromherbuddylist,orevenblockhimsoheisunabletocontactheragain.It'snogreatloss.Thereareliterallymillionsofnewacquaintanceswaitingtobepickedupinachatroomtofillthatvoid.Thelesson:Ishouldn'thavetoworkatrelationships.Theycomeandgoinstantlyandatmyconvenience.Ifsomeonedispleasesme,Icanmakethatpersondisappear.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorciteinternetchatroomasanegativeexample?Childrengetnosenseofhowtosustainrelationship.

hunchv. bendforward(partofthebody,esp.thebackandshoulders)intoaroundedshape;bendorarchintoahump;thrustoutoruptoformahumpe.g.Standupstraight;don'thunchyourshoulders!Shesatall