Oracle英文版培训课件之RAC for Administrators：04-Admin

RACDatabaseAdministrationObjectivesAftercompletingthislesson,youshouldbeableto:UseEnterpriseManagerclusterdatabasepagesDefineredologfilesinaRACenvironmentDefineundotablespacesinaRACenvironmentStartandstopRACdatabasesandinstancesModifyinitializationparametersinaRACenvironmentManageASMinstancesinaRACenvironmentClusterDatabaseHomePageClusterDatabaseHomePageClusterDatabaseInstanceHomePageClusterDatabaseInstanceAdministrationPageClusterHomePageTheConfigurationSectionTheConfigurationSectionTopologyViewerEnterpriseManagerAlertsandRACEnterpriseManagerMetricsandRACEnterpriseManagerMetricsandRACEnterpriseManagerAlertHistoryandRACEnterpriseManagerBlackoutsandRACRedoLogFilesandRAC…RAC01.THREAD=1RAC02.THREAD=2…SPFILESharedstorageGroup1Thread1Node1RAC01Node2RAC02Group2Group3Group4Thread2Group5ALTERDATABASEADDLOGFILETHREAD2GROUP4;ALTERDATABASEADDLOGFILETHREAD2GROUP5;ALTERDATABASEENABLETHREAD2;AutomaticUndoManagementandRAC…RAC01.UNDO_TABLESPACE=undotbs3RAC02.UNDO_TABLESPACE=undotbs2…ALTERSYSTEMSETUNDO_TABLESPACE=undotbs3SID='RAC01';undotbs3Node1RAC01Node2RAC02undotbs1SPFILEundotbs2SharedstorageTransactionrecoveryPending

offlineConsistentreadsStartingandStoppingRACInstancesMultipleinstancescanopenthesamedatabasesimultaneously.Shuttingdownoneinstancedoesnotinterferewithotherrunninginstances.SHUTDOWNTRANSACTIONALLOCALdoesnotwaitforotherinstances’transactionstofinish.RACinstancescanbestartedandstoppedbyusing:EnterpriseManagerServerControl(SRVCTL)utilitySQL*PlusShuttingdownaRACdatabasemeansshuttingdownallinstancesaccessingthedatabase.StartingandStopping

RACInstanceswithSQL*Plus[stc-raclin01]$echo$ORACLE_SIDRACDB1sqlplus/assysdbaSQL>startupSQL>shutdown[stc-raclin02]$echo$ORACLE_SIDRACDB2sqlplus/assysdbaSQL>startupSQL>shutdown[stc-raclin01]$sqlplus/assysdbaSQL>startupSQL>shutdownSQL>connectsys/oracle@RACDB2assysdbaSQL>startupSQL>shutdownORStartingandStopping

RACInstanceswithSRVCTLstart/stopsyntax:Examples:srvctlstart|stopinstance-d<db_name>-i<inst_name_list>

[-oopen|mount|nomount|normal|transactional|immediate|abort>]

[-c<connect_str>|-q]$srvctlstartinstance-dRACDB-iRACDB1,RACDB2$srvctlstopinstance-dRACDB-iRACDB1,RACDB2srvctlstart|stopdatabase-d<db_name>

[-oopen|mount|nomount|normal|transactional|immediate|abort>][-c<connect_str>|-q]$srvctlstartdatabase-dRACDB-oopenSwitchBetweentheAutomatic

andManualPoliciessrvctlmodifydatabase-dRACB-yMANUAL;$srvctlconfigdatabase-dRACB-aex0044RACB1/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1ex0045RACB2/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1DB_NAME:RACBORACLE_HOME:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1SPFILE:+DGDB/RACB/spfileRACB.oraDOMAIN:nullDB_ROLE:nullSTART_OPTIONS:nullPOLICY:AUTOMATICENABLEFLAG:DBENABLED$RACInitializationParameterFilesAnSPFILEiscreatedifyouusetheDBCA.TheSPFILEmustbecreatedonasharedvolumeorsharedrawdevice.AllinstancesusethesameSPFILE.Ifthedatabaseiscreatedmanually,thencreateanSPFILEfromaPFILE.Node1RAC01SPFILESPFILE=…initRAC01.oraNode2RAC02SPFILE=…initRAC02.oraSPFILEParameterValuesandRACYoucanchangeparametersettingsusingtheALTERSYSTEMSETcommandfromanyinstance:SPFILEentriessuchas:*.<pname>applytoallinstances<sid>.<pname>applyonlyto<sid><sid>.<pname>takesprecedenceover*.<pname>Usecurrentorfuture*.<dpname>settingsfor<sid>:

RemoveanentryfromyourSPFILE:ALTERSYSTEMRESET<dpname>SCOPE=SPFILEsid='<sid|*>';ALTERSYSTEMRESET<dpname>SCOPE=MEMORYsid='<sid>';ALTERSYSTEMSET<dpname>SCOPE=MEMORYsid='<sid|*>';EMandSPFILEParameterValuesSCOPE=MEMORYEMandSPFILEParameterValuesSCOPE=SPFILESCOPE=BOTHRACInitializationParametersParametersThatRequireIdenticalSettingsACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNTARCHIVE_LAG_TARGETCLUSTER_DATABASECONTROL_FILESDB_BLOCK_SIZEDB_DOMAINDB_FILESDB_NAMEDB_RECOVERY_FILE_DESTDB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZEDB_UNIQUE_NAMEMAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAYTRACE_ENABLEDUNDO_MANAGEMENTParametersThatRequireUniqueSettingsInstancesettings:THREADROLLBACK_SEGMENTSINSTANCE_NAMEINSTANCE_NUMBERUNDO_TABLESPACE

(WhenusingAutomaticUndoManagement)QuiescingRACDatabasesUsetheALTERSYSTEMQUIESCERESTRICTEDstatementfromasingleinstance:ThedatabasecannotbeopenedbyotherinstancesaftertheALTERSYSTEMQUIESCE…statementstarts.TheALTERSYSTEMQUIESCERESTRICTEDandALTERSYSTEMUNQUIESCEstatementsaffectallinstancesinaRACenvironment.Coldbackupscannotbetakenwhenthedatabaseisinaquiescedstate.SQL>ALTERSYSTEMQUIESCERESTRICTED;HowSQL*PlusCommandsAffectInstancesSQL*PlusCommandAssociatedInstanceARCHIVELOGGenerallyaffectsthecurrentinstanceCONNECTAffectsthedefaultinstanceifnoinstanceisspecifiedintheCONNECTcommandHOSTAffectsthenoderunningtheSQL*PlussessionRECOVERDoesnotaffectanyparticularinstance,butratherthedatabaseSHOWPARAMETERandSHOWSGAShowthecurrentinstanceparameterandSGAinformationSTARTUPandSHUTDOWNAffectthecurrentinstanceSHOWINSTANCEDisplaysinformationaboutthecurrentinstanceNode1TransparentDataEncryptionandWalletsinRACOnewalletsharedbyallinstancesonsharedstorage:NoadditionaladministrationrequiredOnecopyofthewalletoneachlocalstorage:LocalcopiesneedtobesynchronizedeachtimemasterkeyischangedALTERSYSTEMSETENCRYPTIONKEYWalletMasterkeysNode2WalletMasterkeyNodenWalletMasterkeyManualcopyManual

copy12RACandASMInstancesCreation..ASM:GeneralArchitectureASM

instanceSID=+ASM1ASM

instanceSID=+ASM2ASMdisksASMdisksASMdisksASMdisksASMdisksASMdisksASMdiskgroupTomASMdiskgroupBobASMdiskgroupHarryDB

instanceSID=sales1DB

instanceSID=test1DB

instanceSID=sales2DB

instanceSID=test2ASMBASMBFGFGFGFGNode2Node1GroupServices

tom=+ASM1bob=+ASM1

harry=+ASM1GroupServices

tom=+ASM2bob=+ASM2

harry=+ASM2DBW0DBW0DBW0DBW0ASMBRBALRBALARB0ARBA…ARB0ARBA…ASMBRBALRBALRBALRBALGMONGMONASMInstanceandCrashRecoveryinRACDiskgroupANode2+ASM2Node1+ASM1Bothinstancesmount

diskgroupDiskgroupANode2+ASM2Node1+ASM1ASMinstancefailureDiskgroupANode2+ASM2Node1Diskgrouprepaired

bysurvivinginstanceDiskGroupANode2+ASM2Node1+ASM1Onlyoneinstance

mountsdiskgroupDiskGroupANode2+ASM2Node1+ASM1ASMinstancefailureDiskGroupANode2+ASM2Node1Diskgrouprepaired

whennextmountedASMcrashrecoveryASMinstancerecoveryASMInstanceInitializationParametersandRACCLUSTER_DATABASE:ThisparametermustbesettoTRUE.ASM_DISKGROUP:Multipleinstancescanhavedifferentvalues.ShareddiskgroupsmustbemountedbyeachASMinstance.ASM_DISKSTRING:Multipleinstancescanhavedifferentvalues.Withshareddiskgroups,everyinstanceshouldbeabletoseethecommonpoolofphysicaldisks.ASM_POWER_LIMIT:Multipleinstancescanhavedifferentvalues.ASMandSRVCTLwithRACSRVCTLenablesyoutomanageASMfromanOracleClusterware(OC)perspective:AddanASMinstancetoOC.EnableanASMinstanceforOCautomaticrestart.StartupanASMinstance.ShutdownanASMinstance.DisableanASMinstancefromOCautomaticrestart.RemoveanASMinstanceconfigurationfromtheOCR.Getsomestatusinformation.SetASMinstancedependencytodatabaseinstance.TheDBCAallowsyoutocreateASMinstancesaswellashelpsyoutoaddandenablethemwithOC.ASMandSRVCTL