2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号68

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.问答题

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.ItscenterwasbeneathpresentdaySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoenclosemostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asitisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1,100,thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofacliffyIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokis,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramicsfinelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated（

）.

3.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatMeso-Americancultureshadatraditionof（

）.

【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以MoundBuilderculture开头，进而引出对MississippiCulture的介绍。

试题答案：

ThepassagemainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandachievementofMississippiCulture.

2.推理怕断题。由文章开头中的“ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining...Tothewest,anotherculture”可知MoundBuilderculture位于东方。

试题答案：

intheeast

3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce”可推测Meso-Americancultures有商业贸易的传统。

试题答案：

tradeandcommerce

2.问答题

Eachyear,afewso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydownonthelawand

A

womenaroundtheworldruntoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableand

B

dictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;

C

zipsareinandbuttonsareout.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;去掉on

【解析】考查固定搭配。laydown意为“制定”，介词on在此处是多余的。

3.问答题

Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.Chemicallythereisno

A

B

differencebetweenthegas,theliquid,andthesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswith

C

D

theformulaH20.

【答案】试题答案：D;are

【解析】考查主谓一致。which指代的是hegas,theliquid,andthesolid，故谓语be动词用复数形are。

4.问答题

Ambition,(A)asopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesires,impliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoals,personalandsocialofakind(B)societycansurvivewithout.Ambition(C)isintimatelyconnectedwithfamily,formenandwomennotonlyworkpartyfortheirfamilies,but(D)harborsomeoftheirmostardentambitionsfortheirchildren.

【答案】B；改成societycannotsurvivewithout。

5.翻译题

Monetarypolicy

Itiswellknownthattherehasneverbeenaboomthatisnotlinkedwithexcessivemoneysupply.Easymonetarypoliciesconsistentlyleadtoboomsandthentobustssimplybecausetheyreduceinterestrates,thecostofborrowing,forboth(naive/noisy)investorsandgovernmentsthat,inrum,raiseprivate(i.e.durablegoods,realestate)andgovernmentspendingbeyondtheirabilitytomeettheirdebtobligations.

Thepracticeofexpansionarymonetarypolicyleadstocapitalmisallocationasitfavorsshort-termspendingattheexpenseoflong-termspending(investinglessinlong-termprojects).Thatis,itcreatesasavings-investmentgapthatreducesthecapitalformationrequiredfortheeconomytogrow,whichrendersahighfractionofitsexistingcapitalstockobsolete.Thislowinterestratepolicy,anoutcomeofquantitativeeasing,inTurn,hasanadverse,effectonproductivityforcingcapitaltomigrateinforeign/emergingmarketsinordertorealizehigherreturns.Inotherwords,excessivemoneysupplyfailstoincreaserealeconomicactivitybecauseitraisesthelaborcostwhileitlowersthecostofcapital.Depressingyieldsathome,asaresultofquantitativeeasing,inanopeneconomysetting,leadsyield-seekinginvestorsintohigher-riskinvestmentssuchasemergingmarkets.

【答案】货币政策

众所周知，从来没有一次经济繁荣不与过渡发行货币有关。宽松的货币政策总是会先促使经济繁荣，但最后导致经济衰退——因为利率降低，就为（天真/聒噪）投资者和政府节省了借贷的成本，而反过来促进他们会以超出能力之外的水平来扩大个人（比如耐用品、房地产）和政府的消费，以此满足债券的发行。

扩张性的货币政策会导致资本的配置不当，因为它倾向于短期支出，而牺牲长期支出(减少对长期项目的投资)。也就是说，扩张性的货币政策会产生储蓄-投资之间的鸿沟，继而减少经济增长所需要的资本积累，这呈现出既有的资本存放过时的信息。作为量化宽松的结果，低利率政策反过来对生产力产生反作用力，迫使资本迁入国外/新兴市场，从而实现更高的回报。换句话说，过度发行货币不能增加真正的经济活力，因为它增长了劳动力成本而降低了资本成本。在一个开放的经济环境下，量化宽松的另一结果是国内的效益不佳，导致寻求效益投资者进入高风险投资，比如新兴市场。

6.问答题

Aconflict(A)wagedtoensurethesurvivalofthehuman(B)speciesisboundtobringhumansclosertogether.Technologicalprogresshasthusprovedtobeadouble-edgedsword,(C)givingrisetoanewformofconflict:a(D)crashbetweenManandNature.

【答案】D；“crash”改为“clash”。

【解析】考查名词。句意：为确保人类生存而进行的斗争必然会使人类更紧密地结合在一起。因此，技术进步被证明是一把双刃剑，引发了一种新的冲突形式:人与自然的冲突。名词“crash”作名词时词义为“（交通工具）坠毁，碰撞声”，而句意为“人与自然的矛盾冲突”，所以将名词“crash”改为“clash”。

7.问答题

Hurricanes,housefires,cancer,white-waterraftingaccidents,planecrashes,viciousattacksindarkarchways.Nobodyasksforanyofit.Buttotheirsurprise,manypeoplefindthatenduringsuchanordealultimatelychangesthemforthebetter.Theiropinionmightbesomethinglikethis:“Iwishithadn’thappened,butI’mabetterpersonforit.”

Welovetohearthestoriesofpeoplewhohavebeentransformedbytheirtribulations,perhapsbecausetheytestify（1）apsychologicaltruth,onethatsometimesgetslostamidendlessreportsofdisaster;thereisabuilt—inhumancapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.Positivereactionstoprofoundlydisturbingexperiencesarenotlimitedtothetoughestorthebravest.Infact,roughlyhalfofthepeoplewhostrugglewithadversitysaythattheirliveshaveinsomewaysimproved.

InadarkroominQueens,NewYork,31-year-oldfashiondesignerTracyCyrbelievedshewasdying.Afewmonthsbefore,shehadstoppedtakingthepowerfulimmune-suppressingdrugsthatkeptherarthritis

（2）

check.Sheneveranticipatedwhatwouldhappen:awithdrawalreactionthateventuallyleftherintotalbodyagonyandneurologicalmeltdown.Theslightestmovement-tryingtoswallow,forexample-wasexcruciating.Eventhepressureofhercheckonthepillowwasalmostunbearable.

Cyrisnowimp-diagnosedwithjuvenilerheumatoidarthritisattheageoftwo,she’denduredthesymptomsandthetreatments(drugs,surgery)herwholelife.Butthistime,shewaswaypastherlimits,andnothingherdoctorsdidseemedtohelp.Eitherthediseasewasgoingtokillheror,prettysoon,she’dhavetokillherself.

Ashersleeplessnightsworeon,though,hersuicidalthoughtsbegantobeinterruptedbynewfeelingsofgratitude.Shewasstillinagony,butanewconsciousnessgrewstrongereachnight:anawesomesenseofliberation,combinedwithanall-encompassingfeelingofsympathyandcompassion.“Ifeltstripped（3）everythingI’deveridentifiedmyselfwith,”shesaidsixmonthslater.“EverythingIthoughtI’dknownorbelievedinwasuseless-time,money,self-image,perceptionthatwassoforcing.”

Withinafewmonths,shebegantobeabletomovemorefreely,thankstoacocktailofsteroidsandotherdrugs.Butasherphysicalstrengthcameback,shedidnotreturntoheroldwayofbeingasafeisty,demanding“sex-in-the-City,three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets”girl.Nowquieterandmoretolerant,shemakesapointofbeingsubmissiveinatum-the-othercheekkindofway.Cyrstilltakesapharmacopoeiaofdrugseveryday,butshesaysthere’snoquestionthatherlifeisbetternow.“IfeltIhadbeenshownthesecretoflifeandwhywe’rehere,tobehappyandtonurtureotherlife.It’sthatsimple.”

Hermind-blowingexperiencecameasatotalsurprise.Butthatfeelingoftransformationisinsomewaystypical,saysRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinainCharlottewhocoinedtheterm“post-traumaticgrowth”，Hisstudiesofpeoplewhohaveenduredextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillnessshowthatmostfeeldazedandanxiousintheimmediateaftermath.Theyarepreoccupiedwiththeideathattheirliveshavebeenshattered.Afewpeoplearehauntedlongafterwardbymemoryproblems,sleeptroubleandsimilarsymptomsofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.ButTedeschiandothershavefoundthatformanypeople—perhapseventhemajoritylifeultimatelybecomesricherandmoregratifying.

Somethingsimilarhappenstomanypeoplewhoexperienceaterrifyingphysicalthreat.Inthatmoment,oursenseofinvulnerabilityispierced,andtheself-protectivementalarmorthatnormallystandsbetweenusandourperceptionsoftheworldistomaway.Oureverydaylifescripts---ourhabits,self-perceptionsandassumptions-gooutthewindow,andwe’releftwitharawexperienceoftheworld.

Still,actuallyimplementingthesechanges,aswellasfullycomingtoterms（4）thenewreality,usuallytakesconsciouseffort.Beingwillingandabletotakeonthisprocessisoneofthemajordifferencesbetweenthosewhogrowthroughadversityandthosewhoaredestroyedbyit.

Eventually,theymayfindthemselvesfreedinwaystheyneverimagined.Survivorsoftensaytheybecomemoretolerantandforgiving

（5）others,capableofbringingpeacetoformerlytroubledrelationships.Theysaythatmaterialambitionssuddenlyseemedsillyandthepleasuresoffriendsandfamilybecameparamount-andthatthecrisisallowedthemtoreorganizelifeinlinewiththenewpriorities.

Peoplewhohavegrown（6）adversityoftenfeelmuchlessfear,despitethefrighteningthingsthey’vebeenthrough.Theyaresurprisedbytheirownstrength,confidentthattheycanhandlewhateverelselifethrowsatthem.“Peopledon’tsaythatwhattheywentthroughwaswonderful,nsaysTedeschi.“Theyweren’tmeaningtogrowfromit.Theywerejusttryingtosurvive.Butinretrospect,whattheygainedwasmorethantheyevenanticipated.”

InhisrecentbookSatisfaction,EmoryUniversitypsychiatristGregoryBenspointstoextremeenduranceathleteswhopushthemselvestotheirphysicallimitsfordaysatatime.Theycyclethroughthesamesequenceofsensationsasdotraumasurvivors;self-loss,confusionand,finally,anewsenseofmastery.Forultramarathoners,whoregularlyrun100-mileracesthatlastmorethan24hours,vomitingandhallucinatingarenormal.Afteradayandnightofrunningwithoutstoppingorsleeping,competitorssometimesforgetwhotheyareandwhatthey’redoing.

Butthefeelingofmasteringextraordinarydifficultymakesupforit,reportsHonolulubusinessmanRandyHavre.Havre,51,foundthisfeelingnearthesummitofMaunaKeanearly10yearsago.Hewasnearingtheendofa44-mileracethattookhimfromsealeveltothetopofthevolcano-averticalascentof13,766feet.Hewasonhiswaytosettingtheunofficialworldrecordfortheclimb,butthehighelevationwasstartingtoget

（

7）

him.

“Whenyougettoabout10,000feet,thingstendtogetalittleweirdbecauseoftheswellingandpressureonyourbrain,”hesays.“Abovethat,itgetsexponentiallyweirder.Irememberbustingoutcryingat12,000feet.Butifyoucanfinishthesethings,youknow;Hey,Icangetthroughthisstuff.Youwereabletohang

（8）

there,andyou’restrongerforthat.”

Theemotionalrewardcancompensateforthepainanddifficultyofadversity.Thisperspectivedoesnotcancel

（9）

whathappened,butitputsitallinadifferentcontext:thatit’spossibletoliveanextraordinarilyrewardinglifeevenwithintheconstraintsandstrugglesweface.Insomeformorother,saysKing,weallmustgo

（10）

thisrealization.“You’renotgoingtobethepersonyouthoughtyouwere,buthere’swhoyouaregoingtobeinstead-andthatturnsouttobeaprettygreatlife.”

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

tribulations(inparagraph2)

adversity(inparagraph2)

withdrawal(inparagraph3)

excruciating(inparagraph3)

wimp(inparagraph4)

aftermath(inparagraph7)

gratifying(inparagraph7)

paramount(inparagraph10)

hallucinating(inparagraph12)

exponentially(inparagraph14)

AccordingtoRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityNorthCarolinainCharlotte,thereisaphenomenoncalled“post-traumagrowth”.Whatdoesitmean?

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。testifyto意为“证明，证实”。

试题答案：to

2.考查介词搭配。arthritis意为“关节炎”，由前面句子的内容可知，几个月之前，她已停止服用强效的免疫抑制药物，that引导的是同位语从句，是对drugs进行补充说明，故可推测此处是用药物进行控制关节炎。incheck意为“在控制中”。

试题答案：in

3.考查介词搭配。stripof意为“剥夺”。

试题答案：of

4.考查介词搭配。由后面句子的内容可知，愿意并能够承担这一过程是那些在逆境中成长的人和被逆境摧毁的人之间的主要区别之一，故此处表示接受这个新的事实。termwith意为“接受”。

试题答案：with

5.考查介词搭配。此处表示对别人更加容忍和宽容。of意为“(表示对象)对于……”。

试题答案：of

6.考查介词搭配。adversity意为“逆境”，此处表示从困境中成长，from意为“从……中”。

试题答案：from

7.考查介词搭配。getto意为“到达，抵达”。

试题答案：to

8.考查介词搭配。由前后句子内容可知，如果完成这些事，你将会挺过去，变得更坚强，故此处表示坚持，hangin意为“不泄气，坚持下去”。

试题答案：in

9.考查介词搭配。由后面句子的内容“但它可以把这些苦难全部放在另一个背景中看待”，but表示转折，根据前面句子内容“情感上的回报可以弥补逆境带来的痛苦和苦难”，故此处表示精神上的收获不能抵消所发生的痛苦，cancelout“抵消”。

试题答案：out

10.考查介词搭配。gothrough意为“经历，经受”，此处表示我们必须经历这个认知。

试题答案：through

1.试题答案：苦难

2.试题答案：逆境，困境

3.试题答案：撤药，撤退

4.试题答案：极痛苦的

5.试题答案：懦弱的人，无用的人

6.试题答案：后果

7.试题答案：可喜的

8.试题答案：最高的，至上的

9.试题答案：令人满意的，令人欣慰的

10.试题答案：以指数方式

Itmeansaperson’slifebecomesricherandmoregratifyingafterenduringextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillness.

8.填空题

Eachmanisateverymomentsubjected（1）severaldifferentsetsoflawbutthereisonlyoneofthesewhichheisfree

（2）

disobey.Asabody,heissubjectedtogravitationand

（3）

disobeyit;ifyouleavehimunsupportedinmid-air,hehasnomorechoiceaboutfalling

（4）

astonehas.Asanorganism,heissubjectedtovariousbiologicallawswhichhecannotdisobeyanymorethan

（5）

animalcan.Thisis,hecannotdisobeythoselawswhichheshares

（6）

otherthings;butthelawwhichispeculiar

（7）

hishumannature,thelawhedoesnotsharewithanimalsorvegetablesorinorganicthings,istheonehecandisobey

（8）

hechooses.

Thislawwas

（9）

theLawofNaturebecausepeoplethoughtthateveryoneknewitbynatureanddidnotneedtobetaught

（10）

.Theydidnotmean,ofcourse,thatyoumightnotfindanoddindividualhereandthere

（11）

didnotknowit,justasyoufindafewpeoplewhoarecolor-blindorhave

（12）

earforatune.Buttakingtheraceasa

（13）

,theythoughtthatthehumanideaofdecentbehaviorwasobvioustoeveryone.Therehave

（14）

differencesbetweenpeople’smoralitiesindifferentcivilizationsandages,

（15）

thesehaveneveramounted

（16）anythinglikeatotaldifference.Menhavedifferedasregardswhatpeople

（17）

oughttobeunselfishto,whetheritwasonlyyourownfamily,oryourfellowcountrymen,oreveryone,buttheyhavealwaysagreedthatyouought

（18）

toputyourselffirst.Menhavedifferedastowhetheryoushouldhave

（19）

wifeorfour,buttheyhavealways

（20）

thatyoumustnotsimplyhaveanywomanyouliked.

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。besubjectedto意为“服从于……，受限于……”。

试题答案：to

2.考查介词搭配。根据句中的but可知句子前后表示转折。befreeto意为“不受约束”，与前面句意进行对比。

试题答案：to

3.考查上下文语义。根据后面的“hehasnomorechoice...hecannotdisobey”可知他不能违抗重力。

试题答案：cannot

4.考查比较级。根据前面的“hasnomorechoice”可知此处是将人类与石头进行比较。than意为“与……比较”。

试题答案：than

5.考查不定冠词。“a/an+单数可数名词”表示类别，a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an则用在元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。

试题答案：an

6.考查介词搭配。sharewith意为“与…分享”，与后面的“hedoesnotsharewithanimals”相对应。

试题答案：with

7.考查介词搭配。bepeculiarto意为“为…所独有的”。

试题答案：to

8.考查连词。根据空格前“theonehecandisobey”与空格后“hechooses”可知此处表示条件关系，用连词if。

试题答案：if

9.考查上下文语义。这个法则被称为自然法则，用call的过去分词called。

试题答案：called

10.考查代词。根据前面的“everyoneknewit”可知此处表示不需要被教它，填it。

试题答案：it

11.考查关系代词。从句中缺少主语且先行词“anoddindividual（一个古怪的人）”指人，因此填who。

试题答案：who

12.考查上下文语义。根据前面的“whoarecolor-blind（色盲）”和空格前的“or”连接两个并列的成分。havenoearfor意为“对……没有欣赏能力”，与color-blind相对应。

试题答案：no

13.考查固定搭配。asawhole意为“整体而言”。此处表示“就这个种族整体而言”。

试题答案：whole

14.考查时态。根据后面的“haveneveramounted”可知此处应该用现在完成时，be的过去分词为been。

试题答案：been

15.考查连词。根据前面的difference与后面的havenever可知此处表示转折关系，用连词but。

试题答案：but

16.考查介词搭配。amountto意为“发展成为；共计”。

试题答案：to

17.考查上下文语义。根据后面的youought可知此处填对应的代词you。

试题答案：you

18.考查上下文语义。根据句子开头的转折连词but，但你不应该把自己放在第一位，因此填表示否定的副词not。

试题答案：not

19.考查上下文语义。根据后面的four可知此处为数词，wife为单数形式，因此填数词one。

试题答案：one

20.考查上下文语义。根据第18空前面的buttheyhavealwaysagreedthat可知此处填agreed，与其相对应。

试题答案：agreed

9.问答题

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.Inrecentyears,platform-basedinternetgiantshavemadepositivecontributionstomeetconsumers’needsanddrivehigh-qualityeconomicdevelopment.However,withtheuncontrollabletrendofthosetechgiants,theabuseofmarketdominanceisontherise.Aseriesofproblems,suchasrestrictingcompetition,pricediscriminationandharmingtherightsandinterestsofconsumers,haveemerged,whichhavedestroyedtheorderofmarketcompetitionandhinderedindustryinnovation.Remediationofillegalactsthataffectfaircompetitionisconducivetopromotingthedevelopmentofeconomy.Besides,weneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetition.TheepidemichasbroughtanunprecedentedimpactonChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.First,theproductionandoperationofenterpriseshavebeenaffected.TheextendedSpringFestivalholidayandthedelayinresumingworkhavereducedthenumberofworkingdays,andrestrictionsontransportationinsomeprovincesandcitieshavealsoaffectedthemovementofpeopleandgoodsneededforproduction.Thislosshasalreadybeenreflectedinfirst-quarterGDPgrowth.Second,sincethebeginningofthisyear,consumerspendingonretailsales,catering,tourismandotherareashasdroppedsignificantly.Theepidemichasalsohadaprofoundimpactonthebehaviorofeconomicentities,especiallyconsumerswhomayspendlessoftimeinshoppingmalls,cinemasandothercrowdedplaces.Therefore,weneedmoreantitrustlawunderthissituationforitcanhelptodevelopafair,unified,andopenmarketcompetitionsystem,whichisconducivetothehealthydevelopmentofthesocialeconomyandthefundamentalprotectionoftherightsandinterestsofconsumers.

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Notlongagosocialmediaheldoutthepromiseofamoreenlightenedpolitics,asaccurateinformationandeffortlesscommunicationhelpedgoodpeopledriveoutcorruption,bigotry(偏执)andlies.YetFacebookacknowledgedthatbeforeandafter2016Americanpresidentialelection,146millionusersmayhaveseenRussianmisinformationonitsplatform.Farfrombringingenlightenment,socialmediahavebeenspreadingpoison.And,becauseofhowtheywork,theywieldextraordinaryinfluence.Theymaketheirmoneybyputtingphotos,personalposts,newsstoriesandadsinfrontofyou.Theycollectdataaboutyouinordertohavealgorithms(计算程序)todeterminewhatwillcatchyoureye,inan“attentioneconomy”thatkeepsusersscrolling,clickingandsharingagainandagainandagain.EveryonewhohasscrolledthroughFacebookknowsthat,insteadofimpartingwisdom,thesystemdishesoutcompulsivestuffthattendstoreinforcepeople’sbiases.

【答案】不久前，随着精准的信息和毫不费力的交流帮助好人挖出了腐败、赶走了偏执，击败了谎言，社会媒体展示了一个更加开明的政治的前景。然而，Facebook承认，在2016年美国总统大选前后，1.46亿用户可能在其平台上看到了俄罗斯的虚假信息。社交媒体非但没有带来启迪，反而在传播毒药。而且，由于他们的工作方式，他们具有非凡的影响力。他们通过在你面前放照片、个人帖子、新闻故事和广告来赚钱。他们收集关于你的数据，以便在一个让用户不断滚动、点击和分享的“注意力经济”中，有算法来决定什么会吸引你的眼球。每个浏览过Facebook的人都知道，这个系统并没有传授智慧，而是发布一些强迫性的东西，这些东西往往会强化人们的偏见。

11.问答题

Careerplanningdoesnot(A)guaranteethatalltheproblems,difficulties,or(B)decision-makingsituations(C)facingyouinthefuturewillbesolvedormade(D)moreeasily.

【答案】C；“facing”改为“thatface”。

【解析】考查从句。句意：职业规划并不能保证你更容易解决未来所面临的问题和困难，或者帮助你更轻松地做出抉择。现在分词“facing”在句中作后置定语，可以表主动表进行，等同于“thatyouarefacing”，而句中并没有体现出进行时态，所以将“facing”改为“thatface”，其中“that”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“decision-makingsituation”，表示“你所面临的抉择困境”。

12.单选题

Theweedsandtallgrassinthatyardmakethehouselookaslongasithasbeenvacantforquite

A

B

C

D

sometime.

问题1选项

A.weeds

B.make

C.look

D.aslongas

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语。aslongas意为“只要”，与句意不符，故用asif（好像，似乎）。

句意：院子里的杂草使得这座房子看起来似乎荒废了很久。

试题答案：D;asif

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingfromChineseintoEnglish.

在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义，人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人吋首先看到的都是他或她的优点，这一点颇像是在赞馆里用衩的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的吋候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜吋，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静。吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为贵备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为：第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糖甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷吋有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。

【答案】Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Peopleareveryinteresting.Whenwefirstmeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weonlynoticehisorhermerits.Thisisquiteliketheexperienceofdininginarestaurant.Atthebeginning,whenwetakethefirstcourseorcolddishes,wearefullofpraise.Wealsopraisethefirsttwomaincourses.Themorewetake,thecalm