新视野大学英语第四册unit4

UnitFourLObjectives:TomemorizenewwordsandphrasesinthisunitToimprovestudents'readingskillofrecognizingparagraphpatternsTolearntowriteshortcompositionsofcomparisonsToimprovethelisteningskillsofrecognizingtimeandnumbers,andtheskillsofnotes-takingTolearntopracticetheconversationalskillsofexpressingdefinitenessandpercentage,andlearnhowtoprepareforanjobinterviewILDifficultsentencesAtransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.(L.l-3)Tolickthisproblem,Russiaisstartingtoinstallopticalfiberandhasastrategicplantopump$40billionintovariouscommunicationsprojects.Butitseconomyisstuckinrecessionanditbarelyhasthemoneytoevenscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem.(L.29-32)SentencepatternsPlacesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.ManyexpertsthinkVietnamisgoingtoofarbyrequiringthatallmobilephonesbeexpensivedigitalmodels,whenitisdesperateforanyphones,period.Still,there'slittledisputethatcommunicationswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.4.It'scheapertobuildradiotowersthantostringlinesacrossmountainridges,andbusinesseseagerforreliableservicearewillingtoacceptasignificantlyhigherpricetagforawirelesscal!一thefeeistypicallytwotofourtimesasmuchasforcallsmadeoverfixedlines.5.Forwirelessphoneserviceproviders,nowhereisbusinessbetterthaninLatinAmerica—havinganoperationthereislikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposal.III.Keywordsandusefulexpressions:Section/TextA:boost,condense,intensive,desperate,scratch,log,lease,reliable,persist,bestuckwith,atone'sdisposal,keeppacewithIV.TimeArrangementPeriodActivitiesTimelimitTeachingMethod1Pre-readingTasks45min.presentation,discussion,Audio-visual2&3While-readingTasks90min.Qs-and-As,explanation,exemplification,analysis,paraphrase,translation4Post-readingTasks45min.explanation,5Exercises45min.exemplification,groupdiscussion6Readingskills45min.exemplification,analysis7&8Listening&Speaking90min.Audio-visual,groupdiscussion,communicationSectionATheTelecommunicationsRevolution1.Pre-reading(1stperiod—45min.)1.1:preview(20min.):BackgroundinformationTelecommunicationsTelecommunications,fromGreek,means"communicationsatadistance”.Telecommunicationsthroughvoice,data,andimagecommunicationischangingtheworld.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebhavealreadycreatedaglobalsystemfbrtheaccessofinformation.E-mailmakesiteasytokeepincontactinstantlywithcolleaguesandfriendsaroundtheglobe.OpticalfiberOpticalfiber(or"fiberoptic")oftenreferstothemediumandthetechnologyassociatedwiththetransmissionofinformationaslightpulsesalongaglassorplasticwireorfiber.Opticalfibercarriesmuchmoreinformationthanconventionalcopperwireandisingeneralnotsubjecttoelectromagneticinterferenceandtheneedtoretransmitsignals.InformationageTheinformationageisaneraoffundamentalandglobalchangeinintellectual,philosophical,culturalandsocialterms.Today'sinformationagebeganwiththetelegraph.Itwasthefirstinstrumenttotransforminformationintoelectricalformandtransmititreliablyoverlongdistances.InformationsuperhighwayAnamefirstusedby(former)U.S.VicePresidentAlGoreforthevisionofaglobal,high-speedcommunicationsnetworkthatwillcarryvoice,data,video,andotherformsofinformationallovertheworld,andthatwillmakeitpossibleforpeopletosende-mail,getup-to-the-minutenews,andaccessbusiness,governmentandeducationalinformation.BellSouthCorporationBellSouthisatelecommunicationscompanyintheU.S.thatmainlyservesthesouthernstates.Itsbusinessrangesfromvoice(suchaslocalandlong-distancetelephoneandwireless)todata(computernetworks)services.1.2Topic-relatedvideo(15min.)3Topic-relateddiscussion(lOmin.).Whyaremobilephonessopopularamongcollegestudents?.Inyouropinion,whatinventionordiscoveryhasbroughtaboutthemostfar-reachingandlastingchangesinourcivilization?.Whydoyoubelieveradiohascontinuedtobepopularintheageoftelevision?.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Face-to-facecommunicationisbetterthanothertypesofcommunication,suchasletters,e-mail,ortelephonecalls.While-reading(2ndand3rdperiods—90min.)Globalreading(30min.)1.1themajordetailsofthetext(10min.)Whatdoestheauthormeanbydescribingplacesas"deafanddumb”?Theauthorreferstothoseplaceswithouttelecommunicationsfacilitiessuchastelephones,whichhindersexchangeofinformation.WhydosomeexpertsbelieveitisinappropriateforVietnamtorequirethatitsmobilephonesallbeexpensivedigitalmodels?BecausetheybelieveVietnamisdesperateforanyphonesanditlacksexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.WhycanwirelessphoneprovidersmakemoreprofitsinLatinAmericathananyotherplaces?BecauseLatinAmericancustomerstalktwotofourtimesaslongonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmerica.1.2Organizationofthetext(20min.)Mainideaofthetext(lOmin.)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumsofmoneyintheirtelecommunicationsnetworkstopromoteforeignanddomesticinvestment.However,somedevelopingcountrieslackexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.Anddespitethemistakesthey'llmake,they'llpersist—sothatonedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeansontheinformationsuperhighway.Textstructureanalysis(lOmin.)PartOne(Para.1-2):Theoverwhelmingadvantagesoftelecommunicationsrevolutionfordevelopingcountries.PartTwo(Para.3):Howfastthosenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.Oneshouldweighcostsandchoosebetweentechnologies.PartThree(Para.4-10):DifferentcountriesandareassuchasRussia,China,Hungary,LatinAmerica,ThailandandVietnamaretryingtosolvedifferentproblemswithdifferentresolutions.PartFour(Para.11):DevelopingcountriescancatchupwithAmericansandWesternEuropeansintelecommunicationstechnologiesiftheypersistintheirefforts.2Detailedreading(60min.)2.1Wordsandphrases(40min.)condense(L.13)：v.reduce(esp.sth.written)toasmallerorshorterform他设法将申请信压缩成一页。Hemanagedtocondensehisletterofapplicationtooneoasfewwordsaspossible.(我努力把报告压缩)(Itriedtocondensethereport)bestuckwith(L.16)：havenochoiceaboutdealingwith(sb./sth.)ordoing(sth.unwantedorunpleasant)我为什么老是得干脏活?WhyamIalwaysstuckwiththedirtywork?Themotheralways.(不得不干打扫厨房的活)(gotstuckwithcleaningthekitchen)Compare:Pmstickingwithmyoriginalidea〇我坚持我原先的想法。Let'sjustmakeadecision,andthenstickwithit.让我们作个决定,然后坚持这ー决定。amatterofsth./doingsth.(L.19)：sth.thatneedsorrequiressth.else年轻人认为成功是ー种自我满足感问题。Youngpeoplethoughtsuccesswasamatterofself-satisfaction.Somepeoplelikepopmusicandsomeotherslikeclassicalmusic.(这是品味问题)(It'samatteroftaste.)desperate(L.22)：a.needingorwantingsth.verymuch孩子们极其需要疼爱和关心。Thechildrenareindesperateneedofloveandattention.Iwasabsolutely.(想见至リ她)(desperatetoseeher)logonto(L.39)：putone'snameintoacomputersothatonecanstartusingit你需要密码オ能登录这个系统。Youneedapasswordtologontothesystem.,hefoundsomedatahadbeenamazinglydeleted.(当他登录电脑系统)(Whenheloggedontothecomputersystem)Compare:logout/logoff:performtheactionsthatallowonetofinishusingacomputersystem退出Logoutbeforeswitchingthecomputeroff,关机前要退出〇reliable(L.39)：a.dependable;thatmaybetrusted我们的消息来源可靠。Ourinformationcomesfromareliablesource.Asfarasscheduleisconcerned,.(火车更可靠因为它们不会受到坏天气的影响。)(trainsaremorereliablebecausetheyarenotaffectedbybadweather.)atone'sdisposal(L.46)：availableforonetouseasonewishes在他们来访期间,我把汽车交给他们随意使用。DuringtheirvisitIputmycarattheirdisposal.Theprofessorpromisesthatshewillforthewholeyear.(有一间办公室和一台电脑供她使用)(haveanofficeandacomputeratherdisposal)revenue(L.49)：n.[C]theincomethatagovernmentorcompanyreceivesregularly公司的年收入增长了30%。Thecompany'sannualrevenuesroseby30%.Onestudysaidthegovernmentwouldoverfiveyears.(获得大约120亿的税款)(gainabout$12billionintaxrevenue)lagbehind(L.53)：failtoremainlevelwith(sb./sth.);beslowerthan(sb./sth.)他故意落在后面,这样他可以抽根烟。Hedeliberatelylaggedbehindsothathecouldhaveacigarette.WhydoesJanealwayswhenwe'reoutforawalk?(落在其他家人的后面)(lagbehindtherestofthefamily)persist(L.61)：v.keepondoingsth.inspiteofoppositionordifficulty你为什么要不停地为所发生的事责备自己呢?Whydoyoupersistinblamingyourselfforwhathappened?,Iamsurewecancompletethetaskaheadoftime.(如果我们坚持努力)(Ifwepersistinoureffort)2.2Sentencepatterns(lOmin.)Typicalpatternsforcertaintyof(doing)sth.:原句:Still,there'slittledisputethatcommunicationswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.(L.26)然而毋庸争辩,通信技术将是区分赢家和输家的关键因素。句型提炼:Still,thereislittledispute/doubtthat...然而毋庸争辩/毋庸置疑的是,……应用:孩子们应如何接受教育是人们经常争论的ー个问题。然而,毋庸争辩的是,先进的知识将给他们的腾飞插上翅膀。Howchildrenshouldgeteducationisoftenamatterofdebate.Still,thereislittledisputethatadvancedknowledgecanlendwingstotheirriseinlife.Typicalpatternsforcomparisons:原口J：Forwirelessphoneserviceproviders,nowhereisbusinessbetterthaninLatinAmerica-havinganoperationthereislikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposal.(L.55)对于无线电话服务商来说,没有任何地方的业务比拉丁美洲更好了ーー在那里有ー个营运点就好像有一堆无穷无尽供你使用的钞票。句型提炼:For...,nowhereis...betterthanin...doingsth.thereislike 对某人来说,没有任何地方的……比……更好了,在那里……就像是……ー样。应用:对于渴望知识的学子而言,没有任何地方的教育比大学里的更好了一在那里学习就像是置身于知识的海洋里一样。Forstudentseagerforknowledge,nowhereiseducationbetterthanincollege一studyingthereislikebathingyourselfintheoceansofknowledge.2.2.3Difficultsentences(10min.)1)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.(L.1-3)一个将会大大提高发展中国家生活水准的转变正方兴未艾。一些不久前还是信息闭塞的地方正在快速获得最新的通信技术,这将促进当地对国内外投资的吸纳。a)这段话中的“thatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld”是transformation的定语从句。boostlivingstandards的恳思是“improvelivingstandards”。deafanddumb的意思是“信息闭塞”。Tolickthisproblem,Russiaisstartingtoinstallopticalfiberandhasastrategicplantopump$40billionintovariouscommunicationsprojects.Butitseconomyisstuckinrecessionanditbarelyhasthemoneytoevenscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem.(L.29-32)为了解决这ー问题,俄国已经开始铺设光纤电缆,并制定了投入400亿美元建设多种通信工程的战略计划。但是由于其经济陷于低迷,几乎没有资金来着手解决最基本的问题。"tolickthisproblemnmeans"todealwiththisproblemM〇"topumpmoneyintosth."means"tospendalotofmoneytryingtomakesth.successful

“toscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem“means"tosolvethebasicproblem”。Post-reading(4thperiod-45min.)Usefulexpressions(25min.)L提高生活水平跨越经济发展诸阶段有望做某事L提高生活水平跨越经济发展诸阶段有望做某事给予……巨大的优势无法摆脱向前推进一个有争论的问题极其需要……估算成本区分……与……陷入 .把 投入 之中,触及表面;略知皮毛,进入（计算机）系统:,整个（某个）地方,与……相比之下.在之中成为时尚,做出大胆的跃进,ー跃名列前茅toleapoverwholestagesofeconomicdevelopment(L.11)topromisetodosth.(L.13)togive***ahugeadvantageover***(L.16)tobestuckwith***(L.16)topushahead(L.18)amatterofdebate(L.19)tobedesperateforsth./todosth.(L.22)toweighcosts(L.23)toseparatefrom•••(L.26)tobestuckin***(L.31)topump/o***(L.30/33)toscratchthesurfaceofsth.(L.32)登录tologontosth.(L.39)登录tobewillingtodosth.(L.52)acrosstheentirewidthandbreadthofaplace(L.54)ascomparedto(L.58)tobecometherageamong,,,(L.64)tomakeaboldleap(L.65)tomoveaheadinonejump(L.70)2Summaryofthetext(15min.)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumsofmoneyintheirtelecommunicationsnetworkstopromoteforeignanddomesticinvestment.Overthenextdecade,Chinaplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.TelecommunicationsisalsoakeytoShanghai'sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Meanwhile,someotherdevelopingcountriesandareassuchasHungary,LatinAmerica,andThailandareallhopingtojumpintothemodemworldbymeansoftelecommunicationrevolution.However,somedevelopingcountrieslackexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.Vietnam,inparticular,thoughdesperateforanyphones,requiresthatallmobilephonesbeexpensivedigitalmodels.Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardtoresist.Anddespitethemistakesthey'llmake,they'llpersist—sothatonedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeansontheinformationsuperhighway.3Assignments(5min.)1).课本练习题FinishalltheexercisesofSectionA.PreviewSectionB,includingreadingskills.3),补充练习:a.vocabularyandstructure:1-30Exercises(5thperiod—45min.):RevisionMultiplechoiceTheprisonerremainedthroughouthistrial.A)clumsyB)deafC)dumb D)stillTheOlympicGamesbeganwithaofallthecompetingnations.A)exhibitionB)displayC)paradeD)showTheeditorthemanuscripttohalfofitsoriginallength.A)condensedB)condemnedC)concealedD)concentratedBombing,whichwasinthecitycenter,hasdestroyedmostofthemajorbuildings.A)integralB)intentionalC)intensiveD)intenseHisneedtobelovedspringsfromadeepsenseofinsecurity.A)crucial B)terminalC)intensive D)desperateThechildfinishedthedessertandthentheplate.A)scratchB)clickedC)lickedD)scrapedIn1974and1975,theeconomyplungedintotheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe19301s.A)reservation B)recreationC)reversionD)recessionBecarefulwiththecat.Itmayyouifyoumakeitangry.A)punchB)scrapeC)tearD)scratchTheyhaveallsignificantamountsoftimeandenergyinthisproject.A)investedB)involvedC)invented D)integratedMyjobcouldbeatifImakeanerrorofjudgment.A)danger B)stakeC)loss D)threatStudiesshowedthatJuneisthepeakmonthfbrsuicidesandfbradmittingpatientstomentalhospitals.A)high B)peakC)common D)rushHehasputhiscarentirelyatourfbrtheholiday.A)usageB)applicationC)disposition D)disposalThegovemmenfsismadeupchieflyofthemoneypeoplepayintaxes.A)efficiencyB)privilegeC)revenue D)validityHeinworkingtwelvehoursadayinhislaboratoryinspiteofhisrapidlydeclininghealth.A)persisted B)insistedC)resisted D)assistedWemustnotbehindothernationsinoureffortstohelpthosepeoplemadehomelessbythegreatfloods.A)decline B)delayC)lack D)lagCommunicationistheprocessofamessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A)transmitting B)submittingC)transformingD)switchingThecomputerhasbecomesmallerandcheaperandmoreavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.A)yet B)henceC)still D)neverthelessDecreasetheofmedicineasyoufeelbetter.A)therapyB)prescriptionC)injectionD)doseHewasawarinEuropeduringtheSecondWorldWar.A)resident B)correspondent C)ambassador D)applicant20)rubbersarewidelyusedasasubstitutefornaturalrubber.A)PracticalB)CompoundC)Raw D)SyntheticItisknownthatironhasaroletoplayintheefficientworkingofthehumanbodyandisvitaltohealthyliving.A)crucial B)competitiveC)acute D)satisfactoryAllourhouseholdgoodsareagainstaccidentaldamage.A)ensured B)insuredC)assured D)guaranteedMyhomeisclosetoabusterminalsothatitisveryconvenientformetogotowork.A)end B)closingC)terminal D)concludingWiththecomingoftheInternet,youngpeoplehavetothemostrecenteventsthathappenintheworld.A)assess B)excess C)success D)accessThegovernmentshouldactivepoliciestopullthecountryoutoftherecession.A)comeupwith B)putupwithC)catchupwithD)comeuptoAftershequalifiedasalawyer,shedecidedtospecializecontractlaw.A)on B)inC)with D)ofInhisjunioryear,GatesleftHarvardtohisenergiestoMicrosoft,acompanyhehadbegunin1975withhischildhoodfriendPaulAllen.A)devote B)reserve C)concentrate D)spareTheideathatalllivingthingsfromsimpleorganismsandchangedthroughtheagestoproducemillionsofspeciesisknownasthetheoryoforganicevolution.A)evolved B)involvedC)generated D)ad叩tedPeoplerunningforpresidentoftenreducingtaxes.A)sponsorB)contributeC)advocate D)perform30)intheworldcanyoufindmoreattractivescenerythaninSwitzerland.A)Hardly B)LittleC)Seldom D)Nowhere2.2Errorcorrection1)Itiscrucialthattheproblemmustbetackledimmediately.Otherwise,thewholenationwillA B Csuffergreatloss.D(B.be)2)Inhisnewly-publishedpoem,thepoetcomparesthewomanheloveswitharedrose.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA B CD(D.to)Broadlyspoken,thechurchhasplayedaleadingroleinthestruggleforhumanrights. AB CD(B.speaking)Healwayspreferstostartearlytomakenecessarypreparationsratherthantoleaveeverything A BCtothelastminute.D(C.leave)Spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonintheworld'spoorestcountriesin2015isaboutthreeA Btimesasmuchasthoseatpresent.CD(D.that)3TextextensionDiscussion:Canyoulistanyadvantagesthattheinformationsuperhighwayhasbroughtyou?Readingskill(6thperiod-45min.)5.1.1RecognizingParagraphPatterns(I)Paragraphsareimportantunitsofthoughtintheessaysandstoriesyouhavetoread.Andfiguringoutthemainideainaparagraphisyourbasicchallengeasareader.Ahelpfillcluetoitoftenliesinthewayawriterarrangesinformationinaparagraph.Paragraphinformationoftenappearsinpatternsthatcanberecognizedoranalyzed.Ifyouknowsometypicalparagraphpatternsinwhichinformationmayappear,youmayfinditeasiertounderstandwhatyouread.Ofcourse,nowriterfollowsanypatternsrigidly.Usually,inanessayorstory,manydifferentpatternsappear.Inasingleparagraph,infact,theyoftenoverlapandcombine.Butbeing