写作高级词汇替换

写作高级词汇替换写作高级词汇替换写作高级词汇替换xxx公司写作高级词汇替换文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度句子的写作文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的。要想写出漂亮的英文作文，就需使用正确无误的、符合英文文法的句子。从用途来分，句子可以分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句；从结构来分，句子可分为简单句，并列句，复合句。英文句子千变万化，但无论怎样，都离不开五种基本句型。1.写作指导--五种基本句型（1）主语+谓语Myfathersmokesalot.Somearedancing,somearesinging.（2）主语+连系动词+表语SheisanEnglishteacher.Theoneinredshirtismyuncle.（3）主语+谓语+宾语HelikeslearningChinese.Wealldonatedourpocketmoney.（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Mr.WangteachesusEnglish.Ilenthermybook.【注意】并不是所有得动词都能用于此句型。除以上两词外，能用于此句型的动词主要有两大类:(1)bring,give,sell,show,take,tell,throw,writebuy,find,get,leave,make,save,choose等。（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Wechosehimourmonitor.2.使用高级词汇1．occur替换thinkofSuddenlyIhadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.→Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.Itoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.2．devote替换spendHespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.3．seek替换want/lookforTheysought(wanted)tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.4．average替换ordinaryI’manaverage(ordinary)student.5．but替换veryThefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.→Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.6．seat替换sitOnhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.7．suppose替换shouldHeissupposedto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.8．appreciate替换thankThankyouverymuchforyouhelp.→Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch./Yourhelpismuchappreciated.9．thecase替换trueIdon’tthinkitisthecase(true).10．on替换assoonasAssoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.→Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch..11．dueto替换becauseofHearrivedlatedueto(becauseof)thestorm.12．cover替换walk/readAftercovering(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.13．contributeto替换behelpful/usefulPlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.14．roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner(coming).Doyouhaveanyplans②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).15．cometolight替换discoverThefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.→Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.16．comeupwith替换thinkofJackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith(thinksof)newideas.17．setaside替换saveSomestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.(2004天津卷)18．beof+n.替换adj.Theproductsareofhighquality(verygood)andaresoldeverywhereinChina.19．referto替换talkabout/of,mentionTheprofessoryoureferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.20．cannotbut/cannothelpbut替换havetodoIcouldnotbut(hadto)gohome.21．moreoftenthannot替换usuallyMoreoftenthannot(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.22．belongforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishforIwanttoseeyouverymuch.→Iamlongtoseeyou.23．becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedinHeiscaughtupin(veryinterestedin)collectingstamps.24．morethan替换very①I’mverygladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.→I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.(NMET2003)②IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.25．perfect(ly)替换good/verywellHespeaksperfect(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).26．dosba/thefavor替换helpWouldyoupleasedomethefavor(helpme)toturndowntheradio27．theotherday替换afewdaysagoTheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.(NMET1997)28．inthecourseof替换duringInthecourseof(During)themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.29．themajorityof替换mostThemajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.30．consistof替换bemadeupofOurclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.31．bewornout替换betired①Afterfivehours’non-stopwork,wewereallwornout(tired).②Myshoesarewornout(broken).Pleasebuymeanewpair.32．becomeof替换happenWhatdothinkhasbecomeof(happenedto)him33．attendto替换lookafter34．onconditionthat替换aslongas35．nevertheless替换however36．expressone’ssatisfactionwith替换besatisfiedwith37．sparenoeffortstodo替换tryone’sbesttodo38．manya替换many39．berushedoffone’sfeet替换bebusyindoing40．meanwhile替换atthesametime41．gettoone’sfeet替换standup42．occasionally替换sometimes/onceinwhile43．forinstance替换forexample44．seldom替换notoften45．wealthy替换rich46．amazing替换surprising47．asamatteroffact替换infact3高级句型结构◆It句型①Itwillbe+sometime+before…Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.②Itis+adj./n.+forsbtodosth.Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.HesaidsinceitwasanewmodelinChina,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.（2008年湖北卷）③Itis+被强调部分+that…1)ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.2)Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.◆more…thananyother表示最高级Amongtheoptionalcourses,spokenEnglishandcomputerstudyaremorepopularthananyoneelse.◆名词从句①Itwouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.◆（非限制性）定语从句①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreetTheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxin②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.(2002北京卷)◆分词结构①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.(NMET2001)②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.(2004全国卷Ⅱ)③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.（2004辽宁卷）=4\*GB3④BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.◆with结构①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.②Hewascarryingabedrollandalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.◆倒装句①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.→Tiredasweare,wearehappy.③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.(2002上海卷)=4\*GB3④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!（2007年湖南卷）◆被动语态①Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.(NMET2002)②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.(2004全国卷Ⅳ)③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.(2004江苏卷)◆巧妙的改写（1）．Only改成noonebutOnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompassedtheexam.（2）．assoonas…改成Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/ThemomentNosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.（3）．havesb/sthdo/doneThegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken(herlegwasbroken.).（4）．变换插入语的位置①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.→Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.(NMET2002)②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.→Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.(2004全国卷Ⅰ)(5).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.→Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.（2008年湖南卷）◆其它（1）注重句子的开头①用with复合结构开头Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.②用非谓语动词形式开头ⅰ）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.ⅱ）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）实战训练在过去的几年，北京发生了巨大的变化。我很高兴地收到你2006年2月12日的来信。我期待着不久收到你的来信。总而言之，email在我们的日常生活中扮演着多么重要的角色啊！不仅我喜爱英语，而且我酷爱音乐，尤其是古典音乐。另外，我们还将邀请来自清华大学的Johnson教授为我们在图书馆的二层阅览室作关于禽流感的报告我正走在去往学校的路上，突然这是我听到不远处传来“救命！救命！”8.学校教学楼的东边矗立着一座实验楼，在那里我们每天做着各种试验。9.有许多学生在操场上玩篮球，梦想着有朝一日成为姚明。10.正如从图表中所展示的，我们年级百分之四十的学生课后从事体育活动。11.我跑到河边，脱了外衣，毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水里。12.我正要出门，突然这时天开始下雨。13.令我吃惊的是，这些人不顾后果，到处乱贴小广告。14.许多古树在这次大火中严重地破坏了。15.他有许多爱好，例如游泳、唱歌和滑冰。16.一些人随意砍伐树木，一些人猎杀飞鸟，一些人乱扔废纸，这些对我们的环境都造成了恶劣的影响。17.曾经一度，每天直到11点钟李明才上床睡觉，目的是为了弥补落下的功课。18.我一进入云雾山，就被那自然的美景所打动。19.我将尽力节省我的零花钱，捐给贫困地区的孩子们。20.一些有效的措施必须被政府采取，让北京的天更蓝，水更清。◆◆相关过渡语1).表示时间顺序:first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，firstofall,finally,atlast…2).表示空间顺序:near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside…3).表示比较、对照:like,unlike,suchas,but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwise…4).表示因果关系:because,for,asaresult,therefore,thus…5).表示递进关系:besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,ontopof…6).表示并列关系:and,aswellas,also…7).表示总结性:ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup,inbrief,toconclude…附1.英语作文常用结构一）段首句

1.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception，ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

2.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’sopinionsabout______varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythatthem,_____.

3.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Manisnowfacingabigproblem______whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.

4.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople，especiallyamongtheyoungandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.

5.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-dayhasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.

6.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢

Accordingtothefigure/number/statisticsinthe/chart//graph，itcanbeseenthat______.Obviously，______，butwhy

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

Onthecontrary，therearesomepeopleinfavorofthesametime，theysay____.

2.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confrontedwith______，weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto______.Foronething，______Foranother，______

3.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.Forexample.addition.thesemeasureswillcertainly______.

（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat____.

2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemofinthiswaycan______inthefuture.

3.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

Withthedevelopmentofsociety,it"surgentandnecessarytoeverymemberiswillingtocontributehimselftothesociety,itwillbebetterandbetter.

4.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

personally,Ithinkitreasonableto_____.Onlyinthiswaycanyou_____.

5.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

Inmyopinion,Ithinkitnecessaryto____.Thereasonsareasfollows.First______.Lastbutnotleast,______.

6.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat____.

附2学生易错句型结构

一、"Therebe"结构

考生病句：

1.Therearemanypeopleliketogotothemovies.

2.Therearedifferentkindsofvegetablescanbeboughtonthemarketbypeople.

正确表达：

1.Therearemanypeoplewholiketogotothemovies.

2.Therearedifferentkindsofvegetablesthatpeoplecanbuyonthemarket.

评议与分析：

这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用therebe这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there是引导词，没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。例如：

1.Therewasnoschoolinthevillageatthattime.2.Therearemanypeoplerushingintothecitieseveryyear.

3.Therearemanythingswecandotopreventtrafficaccidents.

二、比较结构

考生病句：

1.Comparingwiththebike,thecarrunsmuchfaster.

2.TheclimateinWaltoniscolderthanothercities.

正确表达：

1.Comparedwiththebike,thecarrunsmuchfaster.

2.TheclimateinWaltoniscolderthanthatofothercities.

下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。

1．同级比较

In1998weproducedasmanycarsaswedidinthepreviousfiveyears.

2．比较级

1）Childrennowenjoybettermedicaltreatmentthanbefore.

2）Wecanlivelongerwithoutfoodthanwecan(live)withoutwater.

3．最高级

1）ThisisthemostinterestingbookI'veeverread.

2）OfallhisnovelsIlikethisonebest.

4．themore…themore…结构

1)Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

2)Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance.

5．选择比较

1)Ipreferstayingathometogoingout.

2)Theyprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidly.

3)Hepreferstoworkalone.

三、表达原因的结构

考生病句：

1.Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.

正确表达：

1.Thereasonforthisisthatsomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.

评议与分析：考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误，就是用because引起表语从句，because这个词不能引起表语从句，在本句中只能改用that才正确。

英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as,because,since,seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,..等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如：

1.Nowthatwehaveseenthesegreatachievementswithourowneyes,wefeelmoreproudthaneverofourcountry.

2.ProfessorLiuisstrictwithusbecausehewantsustomakerapidprogress.

3.Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyahealthyclimate.

4.Pollutionisstillaseriousproblem,notthatwedon'thavetheabilitytosolveit,butthatsomepeoplehavenotrealizedtheconsequencesoftheproblem.

我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如：

1.Thereasonforthischangeisquiteobvious.

2.Diligenceisthekeyfactorofsuccess.

四、否定结构

考生病句

1.Somepeoplethinkweneedn'ttoworryaboutfreshwater.

2.Nowadaysmanypeopledon'tliketogotothemovies,too.

正确表达：

1.Somepeoplethinkweneedn'tworry(或don'tneedtoworry)aboutfreshwater.

2.Nowadaysmanypeopledon'tliketogotothemovies,either.

而either只能用于否定句。

五、含有it的结构

考生病句：

1.Asisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.

2.Itisknowntous,practicemakesperfect.

正确表达：

1.Itisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.(或:Asisknowntoallofus,science...)

2.Itisknowntousthatpracticemakesperfect.(或:Asisknowntous,practice...)it句型1．作形式主语

Itisnecessaryforustomasteraforeignlanguageskillfully.Itmakesdifferencewhetherwecouldpurifytheairornot.

2.作形式宾语

Wefinditratherdifficulttopreventpeoplefromdoingthat.Modernscie