新视野大学英语unit5

SectionAWeepingforMySmokingDaughternosmokingnosmokingweepfor/oversb./sth.:crye.g.weepatthesadnews/weepfor/overone'sfailure/weepforjoy/weepwithrageAmotherweptoverthedeathofherchild.TextStructureAnalysisMainIdea:Amotherfeelsadeephurtwhenshelearnsherdaughtersmokes.[PartI.(para.1)Ifindmydaughtersmokes.PartII.(para.2-5)Myfatherisavictimofthetobaccoindustry.***thecause-and-effectwriting:thecause(para.2-3advertisements)< theeffect(para.4-5coughing-death)(para.6)PeopleinThirdWorldcountriesarehookedbycigarettes.(para.7-8)Ifeeladeephurtasamotheranddaughter,whileThetobaccoし companieshavewonavictoryinmyfamily.thecause-and-effectstructureParagraph4TheCause:Idonotrememberwhenhestartedtocough.Perhapsitwasunnoticeableatfirst,alittlecoughinginthemorningashelithisfirstcigaretteupongettingoutofbedTheEffect:BythetimeIwassixteen,mydaughter'sage,hisbreathwasawheeze,embarrassingtohear;hecouldnotclimbstairswithoutrestingeverythirdoffourthstep.Itwasnotunusualforhimtocoushforanhour.Paragraph6TheCause:WhenItraveltoThirdWorldcountriesIseemanypeoplelikemyfatheranddaughter.Therearelargeadvertisementsignsdirectedatthemboth:thetough,confidentorfashionableolderman,thebeautiful,<4worldly"youngwoman,bothdraggingaway.

TheEffect:Inthosepoorcountries...thattheboiledwaterfromabunchofthemmakesaneffectiveinsecticide.LanguagePointsL.lWhilesheisdoingherhomework,herfeetonthebenchinfrontofherandhercalculatorclickingoutanswerstohergeometryproblems,Iamlookingatthehalf-emptypackageofCamelstossedcarelesslycloseathand..独立结构AbsoluteConstruction无动词"独立结构"(herfeetonthebenchinfrontofher)e.g.Themansatinthefrontrow,hishandsonthetable.-ing”独立结构”(hercalculatorclickingoutanswerstohergeometryproblems)e.g.Herfelltotheground,bloodstreamingfromhisnose.-ed“独立结构”e.g.Everythingconsidered,hisplanseemsbetter.不定式“独立结构”2.calculator:asmallelectronicdeviceforcalculating2.calculator:asmallelectronicdeviceforcalculatingcalculate:worksth.out;estimatee.g.calculatethecostofsth.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recentlycalculatesthattobaccoconsumptioncauses3.5milliondeathsayearinChina.***calculation:(resultof)calculating3.package:[C]aboxorpacketinwhichthingsarepacked(US=packet)4.e.g.alargepackageofbooks/apackageofcigarettes/apackageoffrozenpeas4.“Camel“isthebrandnameofakindofcigarettehttp://www.ioffer.eom/i/1943-Camel-Camels-Cigarette-Ad-Fighter-Pilots-Smoking-4985031(anoriginaladvertisementforCamelCigarettes)(close/near)athand:withinreach;neare.g.WhenGailwrites,shealwayskeepsadictionaryathand.***athand:beingconsidered(inunit1)L.3Ipickthemup,takethemintothekitchen,wherethelightisbetter,andstudythemthey'refiltered,forwhich1amgrateful.pickup:takeholdofandliftsth.e.g.Thestudentpickedupawalletinthestreetandturnedovertothepolice.Theboypickedupastoneandthrewitintothelake.where:inwhich+attributiveclausese.g.Thisisthevillagewhere/inwhich1wasborn.Hisfatherwasworkinginanothertown,where/towhichhewentdailyinabus.***ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple,(adverbialclause)study:examinecarefullye.g.Hestudiedherfacewonderingwhatshewasreallythinkingabout.一:forfurtherexplanationfilter:passliquid,light,etc.throughaspecialequipmente.g.filteredcigarettes/filteredcoffeewhich:theword“which“refersbacktotheideaexpressedbythewholepreviousclause(seePage125,SB)e.g.Hewentthrougharedlight.Hewasfined50$forthat.Hewentthrougharedlight,forwhichhewasfined$50.Thepolicearrived.Aftertheirarrivalthesituationbecamecalmer.Thepolicearrived,afterwhichthesituationbecamecalmer.***注意区别:Thetobaccoindustry,coupledwithHollywoodmoviesinwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroessmokedlikechimneys...(L.T7)begratefultosb.forsth.:wanttothanksb.forsth.e.g.Theoldmanwasverygratefultohisneighborsfortheirhelpwhenhewasintrouble.L.5Infact,Idoweepalittle,standingtherebythestoveholdingoneoftheinstruments,sowhite,sopreciselyrolled,thatcouldcausemydaughter'sdeath.“standingtherebythestoveholdingoneoftheinstruments"functionsasanadverbialclausedescribingaco-existingsituation.oneoftheinstruments:acigaretteinthepackageofCamelsso...that...:seePage125,SBseeL.37...hewassoslimthatnoonenoticed.L.44...theendsofcigarettesaresopoisonousthatifababy...L.33Hehadsolittlebreaththat,duringhislastyears,hewasalwaysleaningonsomething.L.7WhenshesmokedMarlborosandPlayersIhardenedmyselfagainstfeelingsobad;nobodyIkneweversmokedthesebrands.MarlboroandPlayersarebrandnamesofcigarettesmanufacturedbyPhilipsMorris.MarlkoniPayersNavyCut:Marlboros:PayersNavyCut:Thisitemisacollectionof3early4PlayersNavyCut'cigaretteboxes.Theyarepacksofsize5,10and20cigarettes.Thelargepacketstillhastheoriginalfoillinerandcigarettecardinit.PRICE:£18.00harden:makesb.lessconsciousof;(causesb.to)becomestrongerorlackinginhumanfeelinge.g.Hebecamehardenedtothehardshipsaroundhim.Foryourowngood,youmusthardenyourheartagainsthim.(notallowyourselftoshowlove,pity,etc.)brand:[CJatypeofproductmanufacturedbyaparticularcompanye.g.Whichbrandoftoothpastedoyouprefer?L.9Shedoesn'tknowthis,butitwasCamelsthatmyfather,hergrandfather,smoked.this:Thewordreferstothefactmentionedinthesecondpartofthesentence.e.g.Thesongsingslikethis:44...IloveyoumorethanIcansay."Listentothis:theyaregoingtocancelthedanceparty.itis/was...that...:Thisstructureisusedforemphasis.e.g.ItwasthepenthatIlikedmost.Itwasthewarm-heartedoldgardenerthat/whohelpedthemoutoftrouble.ItwaslastmonththatIboughtadigitalcamera.ItwasinLondonthatImetherforthefirsttime.Review:appositionalstructure:myfather,hergrandfather(seePage69,SB)seeL.12QueenVictoria'spartner,PrinceAlbertL.27sixteen/mydaughter'sageL.31thepoorman'sfriend/pneumoniaL.10Butbeforehesmokedcigarettesmadebymanufacturers・・・whenhewasveryyoungandverypoor,withglowingeyes…hesmokedPrinceAlberttobaccoincigarettesheroiled

L.12himself..manufacturer:[C]apersonorfirmthatproducesgoods***manufacture.・・・...■・一:Thepunctuationfunctionsas()3.L.12himself..manufacturer:[C]apersonorfirmthatproducesgoods***manufacture.・・・...■・一:Thepunctuationfunctionsas()3.withglowingeyes:hiseyesshiningwithenergy,indicatingmyfatherwasingoodhealthatthattimePrinceAlberttobacco5.prince/princessthehusbandofQueenVictoriaofGreatBritain洵MEAM皿0CUTtMA AM4MC*«•*▼▼*Irememberthebright-redtobaccotin,withapictureofQueenVictoria'spartner,PrinceAlbert,dressedinablackdresscoatandcarryingacane.appositionalstructure:QueenVictoria'spartner/PrinceAlbertdressedinablackcoat和carryingacane均为QueenVictoria'spartner的后置定语,可改成whoisdressedinablackdresscoatandcarryingacanebedressedin:putclotheson(sb.oroneself);weare.g.Thewomenwerealldressedinblueskirtsandwhiteblouses.Theoldcoupleweredressedintheirbestattheirson'swedding.L.17Thetobaccoindustry,coupledwithHollywoodmoviesinwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroessmokedlikechimneys,completelywonoverpeoplelikemyfather,whowerehopelesslyhookedbycigarettes.L.17mainclause:Thetobaccoindustry...wonover...inwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroes…定语从句修饰Hollywoodmovieswhowerehopelessly…定语从句修饰peoplesimile:maleandfemaleheroesinHollywoodmoviessmokedlikechimneyscouplewith:linkorassociatesb./sth.wthsb./sth.e.g.Thebadlight,coupledwiththewetground,madethegameverydifficult.Hisenergyandintelligence,coupledwithherskill,overcamealldifficulties.winover:gainsb/ssupportorfavore.g.NancypromisedtomarryJohn,aslongasshecouldoverhermother.hopelessly:insuchabadwaythatiscausingnohopeornotlikelytoimprovee.g.MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJessiehopelesslyfailsagain.employmentofmetaphor:"hook"iscommonlyusedinrelationtofishingandjustasfisharehookedandcannotgetaway,soarecigarettesmokers.Thisimplied,parallelimagemakesthethoughtmorestrikingandpowerful.(figjoc)e.g.Shehookedherselfahusband.她施妙计为自己择得一佳婿。Theyhookedhimintopayingforeverybody'slunch,他们耍花招,让他为大家付午餐钱。be/gethookedon:be/becomeaddictedtosth.;be/becomecompletelycommittedtosth.e.g.behookedonalcohol/gambling/heroin/television/collectingstamps/computergames/drugs...I'mafraidthegirlisreallyhookedonthatyoungman.L.23...hecontinuedtolooklikeapoor,overweight,hardworkingcoloredmanwithtoolargeafamily,black,withaverywhitecigarettestuckinhismouth.too:toahigherdegreethanisallowed,usedbeforeadjsandadvse.g.We'vehadtoocoldawinter.It'stoolongajourneytomakeitoneday.poor,overweight,hardworking,colored,withtoolargeafamily,black,withaverywhitecigarettestuckinhismouth都是用来修饰father,但具有讽刺的含义,表明“heneverlookedasfashionableasPrinceAlbert”.但同时也表现出广告效应。...black,withaverywhitecigarettestuckinhismouth:black和white形成对比averywhitecigarettethatwasstuckinhismouthstick:putorfixsth.inapositionorplacee.g.Hestuckthepenbehindhisear.Stickupanoticeonthenotice-board,willyou?L.25Perhapsitwasunnoticeableatfirst,alittlecoughinginthemorningashelithisfirstcigaretteupongettingoutofbed.it:alittlecoughingunnoticeable:notabletoseeornoticee.g.TherewasanunnoticeablesmileonthegirFsface.***复习.able的用法“abletobedone”e.g.Thewatercomingdirectlyfromatapisperfectlydrinkable.“worthyofbeingdone”e.g.FinlandisacountryofNorthernEuropeandisremarkablefroitslargenumberoflakes."thatoughttobedone”e.g.It'sadvisedalwaystowearasafetybeltwhenyouaredrivingonahighway.upon/on:immediatelyaftertheoccasionofsth.e.g.Isawthemonmyreturn.Uponbeingintroducedtosomeone,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshands.L.27BythetimeIwassixteen,mydaughter'sage,hisbreathwasawheeze,embarrassingtohear;hecouldnotclimbstairswithoutrestingeverythirdorfourthstep.Itwasnotunusualforhimtocoughforanhour.appositionalstructure:sixteen/mydaughter'sageembarrassingtohear后置定语,用来修饰wheezeit:formalsubjectnotunusual:unusualHerethenegativeword"not"andthenegativeprefix"un-"canceloneanotherandformaffirmativesentence.e.g.Nowadaysitisnotunusualfbragirltowearherhairshort.HeavysnowisnotunusualinthenortheasternpartofChina.L.31Myfatherdiedfrom"thepoorman'sfriend",pneumonia,onehardwinterwhenhislungillnesseshadlefthimlow.appositionalstructure:thepoorman'sfriend/pneumoniapersonification:Pneumoniaisthepoorman'sfriend.diefrom:cometotheendofone'slifee.g.Fivemendiedfrompolicegunfire.Theflowersinthegardendiedfromfrost.***dieofanillness,hunger,grief...e.g.Theblacksmithdiedoflungcancer.whenりI导定语从句修饰onehardwinterlow:feeble,lackinginvigore.g.inastateoflowhealth/feellow/inlowspirits/low-spiritedL.32Idoubthehadmuchlungleftatall...hehadmuchlungleftatall:mostofhislungsfunctionedwellleave:***比较:L.32...illnesseshadlefthimlowL.33 ...hewasalwaysleaningonsomething.always:whenwewanttosaythatsomethinghappensagainandagainanannoyingway,wecanuse“always“withaverbintheprogressivetense.e.g.Theboyisalwaysaskingformoney.Heisalwaysbitingyournails.leanon/upon/against:restonsth.forsupporte.g.aladderleaningagainstthewall/leanonsb/sarm/leanonone'selbowsTheoldmanleantuponhiscane.L.36...andlargelybecausehehadnomorelungs,hequitsmoking.Hegainedacoupleofpounds,butbythenhewassoslimthatnoonenoticed.largely:mainly;toagreatdegreee.g.Theirsuccesswaslargelyduetotheirmutualeffort.hadnomorelungs:hislungsdidnotfunctionanymorequit:stopsth./doingsth.e.g.Themenquitworkatfive.Ithasn'tquitrainingyet.gainedacoupleofpounds:becameheavierslim:notfat;verysmalle.g.I'mtryingtogetslim.Theyhaveonlyaslimchanceofwinning.L.34Irememberedonce,atafamilyreunion,whenmydaughterwastwo,/thatmyfatherpickedherupforaminute-longenoughformetophotographthem//buttheeffortwasobvious.remembered...that…为文早的主干。atafamilyreunion,whenmydaughterwastwo插入成分作状语,说明场所和时间。2.buttheeffortwasobvious:butitwaseasyforustoseethathemadearealefforttodo

that,表现了父亲身体不好。L.39Therearelargeadvertisementsignsdirectedatthemboth...thebeautiful,“worldly”youngwoman,bothdraggingaway.directedatthemboth动词过去分词作定语修饰前面的advertisementdirectat/to:intendthataparticularpersonorgroupshouldnotice(whatonesaysordoes)e.g.directcommentsatsb./directarequesttosb.FatherdirectedaknowinggrinatMother.父亲向母亲会意地一笑。both:thetough,confidentorfashionableoldermanandthebeautiful,"worldly^^youngwomanworldly:experienced但此处,作者明显用了反意。e.g.AftersixyearsinNingbo,IammuchmoreworldlythanIusedtobe.bothdraggingaway:AbsoluteConstruction***参照L.ldrag:(slang)smoke(acigarette)e.g.Hedraggedthesmokedeepdownintohislungs.他把烟深深吸入肺部。Hewaitedanddraggedat/onthecigarette.away:allthetime,continuouslye.g.Iheardhimpoundingaway.Theyworkedawayallday.L.40 ...asinAmericaninnercitiesandonreservations,moneythatshouldbespentforfoodgoesinsteadtothetobaccocompanies;overtime,peoplestarvethemselvesofbothfoodandair,effectivelyweakeningandhookingtheirchildren,eventuallykillingthemselves.1.as:[adv.]notdifferentlyfrom;likee.g.Asbeforeheremainedunmarried.innercities/reservations:seeP.151TBgoto:begivenorpaidtoe.g.Moneyraisedfromtheconcertwillgotoorganizationsthathelppeopleinneed.starvesb.of:(causesb.to)sufferorlongforsth.greatlyneededorwantede.g.Thepeoplerefusedtopaytaxestostarvethegovernmentoffunds.Theplantwasstarvedoflightanddied.over:duringacertainperiodoftimee.g.overacupofcoffee/overamealweakening,hooking,killing作伴随状语,伴随的是ー种结果weaken:makeorbecomeweakorweaker(seeP.124SBword-building)e.g.Thediseaseissteadilyweakeningherheart.L.43Ireadinthenewspaperandinmygardeningmagazine/thattheendsofcigarettesaresopoisonous//thatifababyswallowsone,itislikelytodie,IIIhenewspaperandinmygardeningmagazine提前是为了强调,无论是官方的杂志,还是生活化的杂志都强调吸烟的害处以及圈定了后面内容的出处:Ireadthatifababyswallowsoneendofcigarette,it'slikelytodieinthenewspaper.AndIreadthattheboiledwaterfromabunchofthemmakesaneffectiveinsecticideinmygardeningmagazine.poisonous:causingdeathorillnessiftakenintothebodye.g.poisonousplants/chemicals/gas***比牧:poisonousgas/poisongasswallow:causeorallow(esp.foodordrink)togodownthethroate.g.Takingpillsiseasy;justputtheminyourmouthandswallow.Heswallowedthefoodinhaste.belikelytodo:thatisexpected;probablee.g.She'sverylikelytoringmetonight./It'sverylikelythatshe'llringmetonight.bunch:anumberofthings(usu.ofthesamekind)growing,tiedorgroupedtogethere.g.abunchofflowers/grapes/bananas/newspapersmake:ifonethingmakesanotherthing,itservesorfunctionsasanotherthinge.g.Coldteamakesagooddrinkinsummer.Thishallwouldmakeanexcellenttheatre.L.48 ...whenIwaspregnant,...pregnant:havingababyoryounganimaldevelopinge.g.Awomanispregnantforninemonthsbeforeachildisbom.L.49Forwhat,Isometimeswonder;sothatshecanstruggletobreathethroughmostofherlifefeelinghalfherstrength,andthendieofself-poisoning,ashergrandfatherdid?.forwhat:why放句首用来强调我的疑惑struggletodo:experiencedifficultyandmakeaverygreateffortinordertodosth.e.g.Shestruggledtogetawayfromherattacker.feelinghalfherstrength:feelingweak伴随状语dieof:seeL.31poison:givesomepoisonousthingsto;killorharmsb.withpoisonousthingse.g.Fourmemberofthefamilyhadbeenpoisonedtodeath.Hiswifepoisonedhimwitharsenic.他妻子用砒霜把他毒死了。L.52Thereisaquotationfromabatteredwomen'sshelterthat1especiallylike:"Peaceonearthbeginsathome.^^quotation...that:attributiveclausebatteredwoman:awomanhavingbeenphysicallyharmed,usu.byamemberofherfamilybatter:hitsb./sth.hardandoftene.g.Theheavywavesbatteredtheshiptopieces.Thestormbatteredthetrees.onearth:intheworlde.g.Heisthehappiestmanonearth.L.53Ithinkofaquotationforpeopletryingtostopsmoking:"Everyhomeisanosmokingzone.”tryingtostopsmoking:-ing分词作quotation的后置定语zone:anareaorregionwithaparticularqualityorusee.g.aneconomicdevelopmentzone/anearthquakezone/awarzoneL.54Smokingisaformofself-battering/thatalsobattersthose//whomustsitby,IIIoccasionallyjokeorcomplain,IIIandhelplesslywatch.that…引导定语从句修饰smoking,who引导的定语从句修饰those,sitby,jokeorcomplain和watch均为并列成分。self-battering/self-poisoningby:nearsb./sth.;atthesideof;besidee.g.Comeandsitbyme.Thetelephoneisbythewindow.helpless:withouthelpe.g.ahelplessdrunkardWithouttheirweaponstheywerehelpless***helplessly:e.g.Unabletoswim,shewatchedhelplesslyasthechildstruggledinthewater.metaphor:smokingiscomparedtoaformofself-poisoningandself-destroying,thusmakingtheevileffectsofsmokingcigarettesmorealarming.L.56Irealizednow/thatasachild//1satby,throughtheyears,IIIandliterallywatchedmyfatherkillhimself:L.57...surelyonesuchvictoryinmyfamily,fortheprosperousleaderswhoownthetobaccocompanies,isenough.onesuchvictoryinmyfamily:thefactthatmyfatherwasavictimofthetobaccoindustrySectionBStopSpoilingYourChildrenFocus:UnderstandingFigurativeLanguage.14Personification:Parents...mayattempttocompensatebyshoweringthemwithmaterialpossessions.Explanation:givingthemahugenumberofmaterialpossessions21Metaphor:Suchparentsfluctuatebetweensayingnoandgivingin•一butneitherresponseseemssatisfactorytothem.Explanation:changecontinuallyandfrequently3Metaphor:Ifyourefusearequest,theyimmediatelyfeelawaveofregretforhavingbeensostrictorungenerousExplanation:asudden,uncontrollablefeelingofregret25Metaphor:...italsosourstheparent-childrelationshiptosomedegree,robbingparentsandtheirchildrenofsomeofthehappinessandmutualrespectthatispresentinhealthyfamilies.Explanation:makestheparent-childrelationshipgowrong;takingsomeofthehappinessandmutualrespectawayfromparentsandtheirchildren.49Metaphor:Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan'texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Explanation:startanewcourseofimprovedbehaviorTextStructureAnalysis(para.l-para.2):Ifindthetendencytogivechildrentoomuchisquitecommon.(para.3-para.6):Ibelieverthereareseveralreasonswhyparentsgivetheirchildrentoomuch.,1.Parentsspoiltheirchildrenoutofasenseofguilt.Parentswanttheirchildrentohaveeverythingtheyhadwhilegrowingup,alongwiththosethingsthepinedforbut]didn'tget.Parentsareunabletostanduptotheirchildren'sIunreasonabledemand.PartIII(para.7-para.8):Theeffectsofgivingchildrentoomuchcanactuallybesomewhatharmfultochildren.r1.Itdoeslittletoreduceparentalguilt.Itdoesn'tmakechi