初中被动语态语法讲解

PAGEPAGE4初中被动语态语法讲解一、英语动词有两种语态。,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver。(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver。(被动）汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成.bebe的变化形式完全一样。常见的几种时态中的被动语态一般现在时：am/is/are+donePeoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry。一般过去时：was/were+doneThestudentsdidn’tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten一般将来时：shall/will+bedoneTheywillsendcarsabroadbysea。Carswillbesentabroadbysea.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+doneWearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted。过去进行时:was/were+being+doneTheworkersweremendingtheroad。Theroadwasbeingmended.现在完成时：have/has+been+doneHehasbroughthisbookhere。Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.过去完成时：had+been+doneIfoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets。Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout。含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass。Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.三、被动语态的使用1。当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr。White，thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者,by短语。ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,in名词作状语,而代替by短语. ThesecarsweremadeinChina.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，byin语。五、语态转换时所注意的问题把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.—-—-—-Anewcomputerhasbeenbought。2,个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多，如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人）前加适当的介词.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday。注意：1to，如:bringgive，handlendofferpasspaypromisesellshowtaketeachtell等。(1）Thebookwasshowedtotheclass (2Mybikewaslenttoher。for如：buildbuycookcut，choosedofetchfindfixgetkeepmakeorderpaintplaysing等。(1）Anewskirtwasmadeforme. （2）Themeatwascookedforus。(3）Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus。3。由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉.这类动词有：agreeto,askfor，laughat，operatedon，listento,lookafter,thinkof，talkabout:bringabout，carryout,findout,giveup，handin，makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff，thinkover,turndown，workout,turnout等.Theproblemissolved。Itneedn’tbetalkedabout.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4。带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean。→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2）Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions。seewatchhearnoticelistentolookatmakefeel等动词后to，这时不定式to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar。→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar。5nobodynoone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中anybodyby的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态.如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion。—-——-—————Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6anythinganybodyanyone等不定代词时，在被nothingnobodynoone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如:Theyhaven’tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.—Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7wellbadlyeasily等副词连用动语态，常见的有：writereadcleansellwashcook等。如：（1)Theclothwasheseasily。这布很好洗.（2）Thenewproductsellswell。这新产品很畅销。下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如:feel,look,seem,taste,sound，remain等。(1）-Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft。第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace，breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等.如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：risehappen,succeed,remain,lie等。Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.第五，宾语是反身代词,相互代词，同源宾语,不定式,v—ing形式及抽象名词等不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish. 误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语,如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所