选修八第三单元语法grammar课件

ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--1一、形式

主动形式被动形式一般式完成式

△

过去分词只有一种形式。△现在分词：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主动形式被动形式一般式完成式△

过2二、功能1．作表语2．作定语3．作状语4．作宾语补足语--二、功能1．作表语--3I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定语）

1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt42.作用---相当于一个定语从句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在进行）--2.作用---相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,w5

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，

其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused6常见的这类此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常见的这类此有：--7Thisriverispolluted.译：这条河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。★过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：Thewindowsareclosed.译：窗户是关着的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.译：窗户是被杰克关起来的过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。（过去分词作表语，表状态）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）--Thisriverispolluted.★过去分词作表8III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast92.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,f10过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，doing强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的Isawherc113.使役动词:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep12IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth13e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll14e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t15过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.--过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上16注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_______________London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。--注意：_______________London(夜里参观17_____________________________(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。

从山顶看，公园很美丽。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________18____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：--____inthought,healmostran19generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般说来,鉴于,根据…来看,考虑到,假如,说到,鉴于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：20习题：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)--习题：1.Wesawthethief_________21—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--224)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby(e.g.gethurtgetexcited

getpleased)CD--(e.g.gethurtge236)._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedC7).

____inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing9).____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.TogiveB(he和receive是主谓关系，且receive先于decide之前发生。)A--6)._____areply,hedecidedt2410).Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedA11).____byhisteachers,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpingB.TohelpC.HelpD.HelpedD12).____histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.NotknowC--10).Unless___tospeak,you2513).___,thelittleboyislivingahappylife.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.TakengoodcareofD--13).___,thelittleboyisli26ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--27一、形式

主动形式被动形式一般式完成式

△

过去分词只有一种形式。△现在分词：beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主动形式被动形式一般式完成式△

过28二、功能1．作表语2．作定语3．作状语4．作宾语补足语--二、功能1．作表语--29I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

（定语）

1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt302.作用---相当于一个定语从句

（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

（表示完成）（表示正在进行）--2.作用---相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,w31

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，

其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused32常见的这类此有：interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常见的这类此有：--33Thisriverispolluted.译：这条河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。★过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：Thewindowsareclosed.译：窗户是关着的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.译：窗户是被杰克关起来的过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。（过去分词作表语，表状态）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）--Thisriverispolluted.★过去分词作表34III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast352.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,f36过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，doing强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的Isawherc373.使役动词:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep38IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth39e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll40e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t41过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.--过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上42注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_______________London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。--注意：_______________London(夜里参观43_____________________________(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。

从山顶看，公园很美丽。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________44____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin；bedressedin；

beinterestedin；bedevotedto；

besupposedto；becaughtintherain；

beseatedin；bepreparedfor；

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：--____inthought,healmostran45generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法：一般说来,鉴于,根据…来看,考虑到,假如,说到,鉴于，由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法：46习题：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)--习题：1.Wesawthethief_________47—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--484)As