Get清风广东省英语教育英语语言学真题06422

20121语语言学真题(06422)20211月广东高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷(06422) 150分钟I.Blank-fiiling(20%) 'Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.1.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrules"correctandstandard"behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshould.notsay,itissaidtobe . .2.Ad studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.rding to Saussure，l refers to the abstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofacommunity. meansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.5.Ifwetranscribethespeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonly，weareadoptingtheb ,transcription.6.A p is an abstract unit, not a particularsound，butitcanberealizedbyacertainphoneinacertainphoneticcontext.Whenpitch，stressandsoundlengtharetiredtothes ratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.The m unit of meaning is calledamorpheme.InflectionalmorphemesareboundmorphemesareforthemostpartpurelyG markers，signifyingsuchconceptsastense，number,caseandsoon.Phrases that are formed of more than one usuallycontainthreeelements:head,specifier, andc.11.Concerningthestudyofmeaning,theviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto,rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofc inthemind.12.The senserelationbetween"sofa"and"furniture"iscalledh .is generally consideredas constituted by theknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.Itessentialnotiontothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Idiolecisap

anthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.APECisana

derivedfromtheinitialof"AsianPacificEconomicCooperation".16.AccordingtoHallidayLanguagevariesasf varies,itdiffersin

situations.SapirandWhorf’sstudiesshowthatthestructurthelanguagepeoplewaystheythinkandbehave.Thisinterdependenceoflanguagandt Hypothesis.

isknownasSapir-WhorfWhiletheisacquireds

,thesecondorforeignlanguageismorecommonlyconsciously.systemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothelanguage.Learning strategies are learners’ conscious,goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts toachievelearninge II．Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.21.Whoamongthefollowinglinguistslooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofviewandconsidertobeapropertyofthemindofeachindividual?A. N. Chomsky B. F.de Saussure C. Bloomfield D. M.A.K.HallidayIfalinguistisinterestedinwhatissaid,notwhathethinksoughttobesaid，headoptsa studylanguage.A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. scientific diachronicWhich of the following words ends with a voicelessstop?god B.box C.cock D.dogWhichofthefollowingwordscontainsaback,andunroundedvowel?godB.boot C.walk D.park-25.WhichofthefollowingisaglottalA.[h] B.[k] C.[g] D.[ŋ]Whichofthefollowingindicatesanimpliedinwhatissaid?A. The fall-rise tone. B .The falling tone. C. risingtone.D.Therise-falltone.The underlinedmorphemesinthefollowingareinflectionalmorphemesEXCEPT .A.tables B.sooner C.painter’s D.painter28Thesentence“Weneedmoreintelligentleaders.〞isambiguous,becausethesentencemaydifferent .A.deepstructuresB.surfacestructures,C.linearordersD.morphologicalstructures.Thepairofwords"chargeandrebukecalled .A.dialectalsynonyms B.stylisticsynonymsC.collocationalsynonymsD.semanticallydifferentsynonymsThesenserelationforthepairofwords"above""below"is .A. synonyms B. hyponymy C. antonymy D.homonymy3l.X:John’sbikeneedsrepairing.Y:Johnhasabike.The sense relation between the above is .A.XissynonymouswithY B.XisconsistentwithYC.XpresupposesY D.XentailsY32.The sentence"YesterdayNancylostherpurseinthestreet."maybeanalyzedasacaseof predication.Aone-place B.two-place C.three-place no-placeAccordingtoSearles’sclassificationofspeechacts,whichofthefollowingisaninstance representative?A.Ifiredyou! B.I’msosorryforthemessIhavemade.C.Yourmoneyoryourlife! D.Ihaveneverseenmanbefore.Change in negation rule belongs change.A. sound B. morphological C. syntacticD.semantic35.A.Shallwegetsomethingforthekids?B:Yes.butIvetoI-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.,SpeakerBobviouslyviolatesthemaximof.A.quantity B.qualityC.relationD. mannerWhich ofthefollowingwordsisformedmeansofblending?,A.smog B.UNESCO C.baby-sit D.disco37.AccordingtoHalliday,tenorofdiscourserefersofcommunication.A.subject B.participants C.situation D.means38.Conceming thebehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Languageistakenasasetofbehaviors.Languagelearningisamatterofimitation.Reinforcementisespeciallyimportantforcorrectlinguisticbehavior.Behaviorism can better explain how acquirecomplexlanguagesystem.Instancesofmothertongueinterferencecanbefoundatthelevelof .pronunciation B.vocabulary C.syntaxD.pronunciation,vocabularyandsyntaxStrategiesinvolvedinanalyzing,synthesis,internalizingwhathasbeenlearnedbelongstrategies.cognitive B. metacognitive C. socialD.communicativeTrueorfalsejudgement.(20%)JudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorwriteTforatruestatementandFforafalseone.41.AccordingtoSaussure,whatlinguistsshoulddoistoabstract langue from parole, i. e. , to discover regularitiesgoverningtheactualuseoflanguage.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatwecanwordsfreelywithouttheconfinementoftimeandspace.Inviting,suggesting,requesting,advising,warning,threatening,orderingareallspecificinstancescommissives.Thesurfacestructureandthedeepstructureofcertainsentencelookthesamewhentransformationsarenotnecessary.Wh-movement can apply not only wh-questionsbutalsotorelativeclauses.Incommunicationitwillneverbethecasethatwhatis grammatical is not acceptable, and what ungrammaticalmaynotbeinappropriate.If the conversational participants do not observethefourmaximsoftheCooperativePrinciple,itisimpossiblefortheconversationtogoon.The samewordmaystirupdifferentassociationsinpeopleunderdifferentculturalspeechcomprehension.49.Ifachildisderivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.50.Theinterlingualerrorsmainlyresultfromorpartiallearningofthetargetlanguage,independentofthenativelanguage.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.Whatdoes"productivity"meanasoneofthefeaturesofhumanlanguage?IllustrateassimilationruleIllustratepredicationanalysiswithan54.Whatsituationdoesbilingualismreferto?ExplainInputHypothesisbyKrashen.Essayquestion(15%)Illustratewithexampleshow"sense〞"reference"differfromeachotherinlexicalsemantics.Andhowaretheyrelatedtoeachother?局部参考答案〔非官方答案，但大局部正确〕：1. prescriptive 2. diachronic 3. langue 4.Displacement 5.broad6. phoneme 7. sentence 8. 9.grammatical 10.complement11.concepts 12. hyponymy 13. Context 14.personal 15.acronym16. function 17. thought 18. subconsciously 19.independent 20.efficiency21.A 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A 26.D 27.D28.D 29.C 30.Clanguageisproductiveandcreativeinthatitmakespossible the construction and interpretation of signalsbyitsusers.The“assimilationruleassimilatesonesegmenttoanother by “copying〞a feature of a phoneme,thusmakingthetwophonesmoresimilar.Thepredicationanalysis,proposedbyLeech,isawaytoanalyzethesentencemeaning.Asentence,composedof a subject and predicate, is a basic unit grammatical relation. The basic unit for meaninganalysisiscalledpredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.Forexample:Itishot.(no-placepredication):(BEHOT)Children like sweets.( two-place CHILDREN,SWEET(LIKE)Johnisill.(one-placepredication):JOHN(BEILL)Ithasbeenobservedthatinsomecommunities,twolanguagesareusedsidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplay;andlanguageswitchingoccurswhenthesituationchanges.Thisconstitutesthesituationofbilingualism.Kras