英语定语从句课件

TheAttributiveClause定语从句知识准备什么是定语用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。Thisisabigroom.Thewindows

oftheroom

areopen.ThisisthebikethatIboughtyesterday.为什么用定语从句当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。

这是我的杯子

Thisismycup.

这是装满水的杯子。

Thisisacupfullofwater.

这是我喝茶用的杯子。

ThisisacupwhichIdrinkteawith.

定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代词或关系副词

引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose关系副词：when,where,whye.g.1、Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.他是一个我们都应当学习的人

2、IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcameto

定语从句的翻译。

要点：注意：关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用E.g.：

1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.关系代词:3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.ThescientistØwemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whointheworld.whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.

whichØ

6.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetime

whenwegottogetherfinallycame.7.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)Shanghaiisthecity

whereIwasborn.(2)Thehouse

whereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.8.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereason

whyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereason

whyhelooksunhappytoday.关系副词注：关系副词可转换成相应的介词+which/whomonwhichinwhichatwhichForwhich关系副词（when,where,why）先行词所做成分能否省略When时间状语不where地点状语不why原因即reason状语不判断关系代词与关系副词

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。判断改错：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.

IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.重点

1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone解释：1：thismuseum作主语，theone代替主语作先行词，且作宾语，省去which.2：themuseum作状语。判断改错（用横线表示出错误并改正。）

1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecity.

改1：where改成which，因为themountainvillage作宾语。2：when改成which，因为thedays作宾语。巩固练习DA

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(3)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(2)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,theone等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。(1)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被theonly,few,just,right,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。只用which不用that的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)当关系词前有介词时

Theroom

in

whichmyfamilylive.

(3)当先行词本身为that时.

Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.(4)先行词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbook

which,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：a.AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasmurderedonApril14,1865.b.Helivesinanothertown,whichisonlyaboutanhour’sridefromhere.c.Soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.d.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.

注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.作宾语时不能省略。

A.关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句,as用作关系代词,既可指人,也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语,宾语和表语。它常用在thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as句型中，as不可省略。Such

girls

as

heknewwereteachers.

他认识的女孩都是老师。Iwillbuy

thesame

bike

as

yours.

我要买和你一样的自行车。

B.若与thesame(指同一物)连用,构成thesame...that...结构时,关系代词用that。Thisis

thesame

museum

that

youoncevisited.这就是你曾经参观过的那个博物馆。as引导的限定性定语从句小结：

定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。练习题1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB5、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtoworkat.A、itB、whichC、thatD、whereC7、Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、wantB8、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,______Ithinkisawisechoice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、Thisistheonlything_____Icandonow.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC10、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthatA3、Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA4、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA9、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB12、I，______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、w