2019新课标全国卷Ⅰ英语试题+答案解析

-.z.2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考前须知：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力〔共两节，总分值30分〕做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节〔共5小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt？A.£9.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace"A.Inaclassroom.B.Inahospital.C.Inamuseum.2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo"A.Takefitnessclasses.B.Buyapairofgymshoes.C.Changehisworkschedule.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout"A.Whattodrink.B.Wheretomeet.C.Whentoleave.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers"A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Strangers.5.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation"A.Shemightwantaticket.B.Sheislookingfortheman.C.Shehasane*traticket.第二节〔共15小题：每题分，总分值分〕Bs以"听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6~7题。6.HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness"A.10years.B.13years.C.15years.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames'situation"A.Embarrassed.B.Concerned.C.Disappointed.听第7段材料，答复第8至10题。8.WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo"A.Returntoschool.B.Changeherjob.C,Retirefromwork.9.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege"A.Oilpainting.B.Arthistory.C.Businessadministration.10.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision"A.DisapprovingB.Ambiguous.C.Understanding听第8段材料，答复第1l至l3题。〔11.Whatisthemandoing"A.ChairingameetingB.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.12.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob"A.Herwidereading.B.Herleaders'guidance.C.Herfriends'help.13.WhowillMarytalkaboutne*t"A.Herteacher.B.Herfather.C.Hermother.听第9段材料，答复第14至17题。14.Whydoesthemanseldomdoe*ercise"A.Helacksmotivation.B.Hehasaheartproblem.C.Heworksallthetime.15.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo"A.He'sanathlete.B.He'saresearcher.C.He'sajournalist.16.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy"A.Toencouragetheman.B.Torecommendane*ercise.C.Tosupportherfindings.17.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspende*ercisingweekly"A.300minutes.B.150minutes.C.75minutes.听第10段材料，答复第18至20题。18.Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad"A.Theyrepairedit.B.Theypaintedit.C.Theyblockedit.19.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface"A.It'swarm.B.It'sbrown.C.It'ssmooth.20.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists'e*periment"A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.第二局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕第一节〔共15小题：每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ANeedaJobThisSummer？Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent？Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills，findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince，youcouldbeeligible〔符合条件〕forthisprogram，whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities〔社区〕.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29，returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire，butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities〔时机〕ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram，studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService，itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany"A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram"A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.23Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled"A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.B

ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂a

pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isne*ttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂E*ceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls〔回想起〕howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswoulde*cusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfule*perience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.＂Ittakesalotforanystudent,＂Whaleye*plains,＂especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’＂Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast〔夸耀〕aboutthemselves.＂Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,＂Whaleysays,＂isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.＂24.WhatmadeChrisnervous？A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto"A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher"A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric〔生物测量〕technologies-likefingerprintscans-tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestille*pensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice〔装置〕thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence〔节奏〕，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities，andbye*tension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword"touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofine*pensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard"A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible"A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearcherse*pectofthesmartkeyboard"A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthiste*tmostlikelyfrom"A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool〔小学〕，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-e*ploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jump-startinterpersonalskillsand，whentappedearly，areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed.Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool，aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool，are"mostlikelytoengage〔从事〕indangerousandriskybehavior."Inonestudy，Dr.Prinsteine*aminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents，scoringtheleastliked，themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys〔调查研究〕."Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment，highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate---sharing，kindness，openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes，butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes，too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifee*periencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,〞hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool"A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids？A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.TheytendedtobemoreadaptableC.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthete*t？A.BeNice-YouWon'tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus，theBetterC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control，LessAggressiveness第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou？Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingtorecentstudies，theanswerisabigYES，iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingo*ygen.Ifyoue*erciseoutofdoors，yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply，allowingevenmoreo*ygentogettoyourmuscles〔肌肉〕andyourbrain.Recently，peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing〔治愈〕38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood〔情绪〕.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin-putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor"C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid"F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕第一节〔共20小题：每题分，总分值30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I'm44abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas"purer"naturale*periences.

However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.ThebestofaKilimanjaro50,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57:gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro6046.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.payingoffB.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway50.A.atmosphereB.e*perienceC.e*perimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.e*ploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire

第二节〔共10小题：每题15分，总分值15分〕阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andaree*pensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut___65___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___66___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___6