2023北京高考英语真题(整理版)

9/92023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一局部:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项,并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。例：it'ssonicetohearfromheragain＿＿，welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.what'smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是D。()1.Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround？Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted()2.wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until()3.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled()4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhood.WhenIvisitedherlastyearA.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked()5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfitA.whichB.whoC.asD.that()6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared()7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown()8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed()9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped()10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use()11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why()12.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must()13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven()14.Goodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice. Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at()15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.theD.what第二节完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分〕阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbeasource〔来源〕oftemptation〔诱惑〕.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown，hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact〔联系〕thedriver,onlyto21itcontained£400innotes，withanother£50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth£35，000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25.Mr.Andersonsaid：“"Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28it’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.〞Mr.smith’sact30muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shaIjob34andallsorts,〞Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.()16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort()17.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once()18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel()19.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman()20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached()21.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe()22.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing()23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked()24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen()25.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement()26.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because()27.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just()28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead()29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous()30.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew()31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard()32.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn()33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in()34.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications()35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge第二局部:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题:每题2分,共30分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon(马拉松)Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic〞.TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!〞Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner〞.()36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.Losthope()37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.()38.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.()39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees，theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof“downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails，pleasevisitusonlineatoursac.()40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.()41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospace.B.getanAviationbadgefirst.C.studytheprinciplesofflight.D.buildandfiremodelrockets.()42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2023.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.〞()43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.()44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed()45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture()46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport——anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(根底设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.()47.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs()48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.()49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded〞inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.()50.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，共10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoWeGetAngry？Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering〔触发〕events,personalitytraits〔特征〕,andourassessmentofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._52Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.____54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.____55However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三局部:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，方案明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括:1.表示欢送；2.推荐他上哪所大学；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________