牛津译林版高中英语Module-10-Unit-2-Grammar-and-usage教学课件

Unit2PeopleonthemoveGrammarandusage模块十Unit2Grammarandusage模块十agriculture2.costofliving3.industrialization4.industrialized5.rural6.urban农业生活成本（费用）工业化工业化的农村的城市的Revisionagriculture农业生活成城市化的迁移模式现代化生活水平7.urbanization8.migrationpattern9.modernization10.livingstandards城市化的迁移模式现代化生活水平7.urbanizationTheelementsofaparagraphTopicsentenceSupportingsentencesConcludingsentenceTheelementsofaparagraphTo1.TopicsentenceEachparagraphshouldhaveapoint.Thisisusuallyexpressedinatopicsentence,whichclearlystateswhatinformationtheparagraphwillgive.e.g.

Youngadultsgivemanydifferentreasonsformovingtocities.1.Topicsentence主题句

(Topicsentence)每一个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段落的信息。主题句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不是所有的段落都有主题句。例如有时一个段落延续了前一段落的主题，而前一段落已有主题句了。主题句(Topicsentence)每一个段落都应有Mostoftheyoungpeoplewhoheadforbigcitiessaythesamething“Iwanttohavefun.”Ambitioncandrivesomeyoungpeopletothecitytobe‘wherethebigcompaniesare’.MostoftheyoungpeoplewhohNotallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.Thisissometimesthecasewhen,forexample,aparagraphiscontinuingatopicintroducedinthepreviousparagraph,whichcontainedatopicsentence.

NotallparagraphshaveatopiThetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceofaparagraph.However,inthefirstparagraphofanessay,astoryoranarticle,thetopicsentencemayfollowahook.Tograbtheattentionofreaders,wecanuseahook,whichisoftenaninterestingfact,aquestionoraquotation.e.g.OlderAmericansareonthemove.ThetopicsentenceisusuallyThiswomanfeelsthatforolderpeople‘movingsomewherewarmermakessense’.‘Thecommunityhereunderstandstheneedsofolderpeople,’saysonemaninFlorida.’ThiswomanfeelsthatforoldeWhenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome!aAutumnpassestooquickly.bAutumnleavesarebeautiful.Whenpeoplegooutside,theiranalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsinourschools.aSchoolshouldteachmathsandscience.bArtseducationisanecessarypartof

school.analyticalskills,butnotcre2.SupportingsentencesThetopicsentenceshouldbefollowedbysentenceswhichhelpexplainorproveit

Forexample:Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents.Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder.2.Supportingsentences支撑句(Supportingsentences)主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑句。段落中支撑句的排列顺序应该是有逻辑的。我们可以使用过渡词语将每个句子与前后的句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括：forexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,ontheotherhand,however,but和also等。支撑句(Supportingsentences)主题Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.Wecanusetransitionstolinkeachsentencestothepreviousorfollowingones.Transitionswecanuseincludeforexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,ontheotherhand,however

andalso.ThesentencesinaparagraphsFloridaisapopularchoiceforthesepeoplebecauseoftheclimateandthestate’srelativelyflatlandscape.However,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem.Forexample,ambulanceresponsetimehasdecreased,andmanyhouseshavebathroomsdesignedforelderlyhomeowners,withthingslikewalk-inbathtubsthatreducetheriskofslipsandfalls.Floridaisapopularchoicefo3.ConcludingsentenceAparagraphshouldendwithonesentencethatrespectsthetopicinanewway.Wecanalsousetheconcludingsentencetoexpressafinalideaaboutthetopicortohelpintroducethetopicofthenextparagraph.AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.3.Concludingsentence结论句(Concludingsentence)段落应以一句用新方式来重复主题的句子结尾。我们也可以用结束句来表达关于这个主题的最后想法，或用它来帮助引入下一段的主题。结论句(Concludingsentence)段落应4.AhookReadthesecondparagraphunderthesubtitleof“Brightlights,bigcity”andidentifythetopicsentenceandsupportingsentencesinit.Whyaquestionisusedatthebeginningoftheparagraph,andwhetherthequestion“wherearealltheyoungpeople”isthetopicsentenceoftheparagraphornot.Askthestudentstofindouttheanswertothisquestion:therearealmostnoyoungpeopleinasmallMidwesterntown;theyhaveallmovedtoliveincities.4.AhookAquestioninsteadofanaffirmativesentenceherecancatchreader’seyesandmakereadermoreinterestedinthetopic.Aquestionlikethisiscalledahook.ReadboththeinstructionsandPart1inthissection.Makesurethatyouknowwhatfunctionofatopicsentenceiswhatahookis.Then,readthetwoparagraphsinPartAandidentifythetopicsentenceforeachone.AquestioninsteadofanaffirReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebesttopicsentencetoaddtoeachparagraph.1.______Atfirst,leavesonthetreesturnyellowandred.Oneday,theyturnbrownandfalltotheground.Nightfallsabitearliereachday.Then,onemorning,everythingiscoveredbyasoftblanketofsnow.Whenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome.aReadthefollowingpassageandb2._____Ifonewishestobecomeascientist,suchasaphysicist,biologistorchemicalengineer,heorshemaystudyphysics,botany,biochemistryandmathematics.However,ifastudentpaysattentiononlytothesesubjects,heorshewilldevelopanalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsintheschool.b2._____IfonewishestobecomLuoPingiseditingseveralparagraphshewroteaboutmovingtoanewcity.Helphimmakehiswritingclearerbyaddingtransitionsfromtheboxbelow.1.Atfirst2.Then3.but4.so5.However6.Finally7.AfterAnswers:LuoPingiseditingseveralpaFindout（underline）thetopicsentencesofthefollowingshortpassages:

Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaverealizedhowserioustheproblemis.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.We'vedoneagooddealofwork,buthere'sstillalongwaytogo.Wemustkeeponfightinguntilwefindwaystoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted,anddoawaywithpollution.Wearesurethatwe'llwinthebattle.Goodbye,waterpollution!

________________________________________________________________________________________AFindout（underline）thetopicBLanguagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises._______________________________________________________BLanguagelearningbeginswithnumbadj

physicistn.biologistn.botanyn.biochemistryn.analyticaladj.lawyern.firmn.麻木的物理学家生物学家植物学生物化学分析的律师公司Newwordsandphrasesnumbadj麻木的物理学家生物学9.lawfirm10.adjustment.n.11.bungalown.12.gobowling13.skateboardn.14.astronomern.15.telescopen.16.bakeryn.律师事务所调整平房,小屋打保龄球滑板天文学家望远镜面包店9.lawfirm律师事务所调整平房,小屋打保龄球滑板LanguagepointsLanguagepoints1.Notallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.（P24）并不是所有的段落都有中心句。英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：一、

all的否定式：notall…（或：all…not）表示\"并非都……\"、\"不是所有的都……\"例如：

Notallmencanbemasters.(=Allmencannotbemasters.)并非人人都能当头头。

Notallbamboogrowstall.并非所有的竹子都会长很高。1.Notallparagraphshaveat二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…not)"并非两个……都……"

例如：

Idon'twantboththebooks.我不是两本书都要。

Both(the)windowsarenotopen.两扇窗子并不都开着。

三、every…的否定式："不是每……都……"

例如：

Noteverybookiseducative.(或：Everybookisnoteducative.)不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Noteveryonelikesthisbook.并非人人都喜欢这本书。

Thisflowerisnotseeneverywhere.这花并不是随处可见的。

二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…四、always的否定式："并非总是（并非一直）……"

例如：

Heisnotalwayssosad.他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

五、entirely,altogether,completely和quite的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……"

例如：

Thebusinessmanisnevertobeentirelytrusted.不可以完全信任商人。

Hefeltnotaltogethersatisfied.他并不完全满意。

Idon'tagreecompletely.我并不完全同意。

Whathedidwasnotquiteproper.他做的不十分妥当。四、always的否定式："并非总是（并非一直）……"例六、allthetime的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……"

例如：

Afoolishmandoesn'tmakeamistakeallthetime.笨人未必老是犯错误。

七、not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如：

Hedidnotspeakclearlyandcorrectly.他讲得清楚但不正确。

Thisfilmisnotinterestingandinstructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

Shecannotsinganddance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and换成or，not对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。六、allthetime的否定式："并非一直……"、2.Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderpeople.Grammarpoint:presentperfectiveprogressive(现在完成进行时)2.Fordecades,Floridahasbe

HomeworkReviewthegrammar:Theelementsofaparagraph.Homework牛津译林版高中英语Module-10-Unit-2-Grammar-and-usage教学课件Unit2PeopleonthemoveGrammarandusage模块十Unit2Grammarandusage模块十agriculture2.costofliving3.industrialization4.industrialized5.rural6.urban农业生活成本（费用）工业化工业化的农村的城市的Revisionagriculture农业生活成城市化的迁移模式现代化生活水平7.urbanization8.migrationpattern9.modernization10.livingstandards城市化的迁移模式现代化生活水平7.urbanizationTheelementsofaparagraphTopicsentenceSupportingsentencesConcludingsentenceTheelementsofaparagraphTo1.TopicsentenceEachparagraphshouldhaveapoint.Thisisusuallyexpressedinatopicsentence,whichclearlystateswhatinformationtheparagraphwillgive.e.g.

Youngadultsgivemanydifferentreasonsformovingtocities.1.Topicsentence主题句

(Topicsentence)每一个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段落的信息。主题句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不是所有的段落都有主题句。例如有时一个段落延续了前一段落的主题，而前一段落已有主题句了。主题句(Topicsentence)每一个段落都应有Mostoftheyoungpeoplewhoheadforbigcitiessaythesamething“Iwanttohavefun.”Ambitioncandrivesomeyoungpeopletothecitytobe‘wherethebigcompaniesare’.MostoftheyoungpeoplewhohNotallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.Thisissometimesthecasewhen,forexample,aparagraphiscontinuingatopicintroducedinthepreviousparagraph,whichcontainedatopicsentence.

NotallparagraphshaveatopiThetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceofaparagraph.However,inthefirstparagraphofanessay,astoryoranarticle,thetopicsentencemayfollowahook.Tograbtheattentionofreaders,wecanuseahook,whichisoftenaninterestingfact,aquestionoraquotation.e.g.OlderAmericansareonthemove.ThetopicsentenceisusuallyThiswomanfeelsthatforolderpeople‘movingsomewherewarmermakessense’.‘Thecommunityhereunderstandstheneedsofolderpeople,’saysonemaninFlorida.’ThiswomanfeelsthatforoldeWhenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome!aAutumnpassestooquickly.bAutumnleavesarebeautiful.Whenpeoplegooutside,theiranalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsinourschools.aSchoolshouldteachmathsandscience.bArtseducationisanecessarypartof

school.analyticalskills,butnotcre2.SupportingsentencesThetopicsentenceshouldbefollowedbysentenceswhichhelpexplainorproveit

Forexample:Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents.Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder.2.Supportingsentences支撑句(Supportingsentences)主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑句。段落中支撑句的排列顺序应该是有逻辑的。我们可以使用过渡词语将每个句子与前后的句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括：forexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,ontheotherhand,however,but和also等。支撑句(Supportingsentences)主题Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.Wecanusetransitionstolinkeachsentencestothepreviousorfollowingones.Transitionswecanuseincludeforexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,ontheotherhand,however

andalso.ThesentencesinaparagraphsFloridaisapopularchoiceforthesepeoplebecauseoftheclimateandthestate’srelativelyflatlandscape.However,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem.Forexample,ambulanceresponsetimehasdecreased,andmanyhouseshavebathroomsdesignedforelderlyhomeowners,withthingslikewalk-inbathtubsthatreducetheriskofslipsandfalls.Floridaisapopularchoicefo3.ConcludingsentenceAparagraphshouldendwithonesentencethatrespectsthetopicinanewway.Wecanalsousetheconcludingsentencetoexpressafinalideaaboutthetopicortohelpintroducethetopicofthenextparagraph.AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.3.Concludingsentence结论句(Concludingsentence)段落应以一句用新方式来重复主题的句子结尾。我们也可以用结束句来表达关于这个主题的最后想法，或用它来帮助引入下一段的主题。结论句(Concludingsentence)段落应4.AhookReadthesecondparagraphunderthesubtitleof“Brightlights,bigcity”andidentifythetopicsentenceandsupportingsentencesinit.Whyaquestionisusedatthebeginningoftheparagraph,andwhetherthequestion“wherearealltheyoungpeople”isthetopicsentenceoftheparagraphornot.Askthestudentstofindouttheanswertothisquestion:therearealmostnoyoungpeopleinasmallMidwesterntown;theyhaveallmovedtoliveincities.4.AhookAquestioninsteadofanaffirmativesentenceherecancatchreader’seyesandmakereadermoreinterestedinthetopic.Aquestionlikethisiscalledahook.ReadboththeinstructionsandPart1inthissection.Makesurethatyouknowwhatfunctionofatopicsentenceiswhatahookis.Then,readthetwoparagraphsinPartAandidentifythetopicsentenceforeachone.AquestioninsteadofanaffirReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebesttopicsentencetoaddtoeachparagraph.1.______Atfirst,leavesonthetreesturnyellowandred.Oneday,theyturnbrownandfalltotheground.Nightfallsabitearliereachday.Then,onemorning,everythingiscoveredbyasoftblanketofsnow.Whenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome.aReadthefollowingpassageandb2._____Ifonewishestobecomeascientist,suchasaphysicist,biologistorchemicalengineer,heorshemaystudyphysics,botany,biochemistryandmathematics.However,ifastudentpaysattentiononlytothesesubjects,heorshewilldevelopanalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsintheschool.b2._____IfonewishestobecomLuoPingiseditingseveralparagraphshewroteaboutmovingtoanewcity.Helphimmakehiswritingclearerbyaddingtransitionsfromtheboxbelow.1.Atfirst2.Then3.but4.so5.However6.Finally7.AfterAnswers:LuoPingiseditingseveralpaFindout（underline）thetopicsentencesofthefollowingshortpassages:

Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaverealizedhowserioustheproblemis.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.We'vedoneagooddealofwork,buthere'sstillalongwaytogo.Wemustkeeponfightinguntilwefindwaystoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted,anddoawaywithpollution.Wearesurethatwe'llwinthebattle.Goodbye,waterpollution!

________________________________________________________________________________________AFindout（underline）thetopicBLanguagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises._______________________________________________________BLanguagelearningbeginswithnumbadj

physicistn.biologistn.botanyn.biochemistryn.analyticaladj.lawyern.firmn.麻木的物理学家生物学家植物学生物化学分析的律师公司Newwordsandphrasesnumbadj麻木的物理学家生物学9.lawfirm10.adjustment.n.11.bungalown.12.gobowling