2020年考研英语一真题

27/27

-1-

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题

SectionⅠUseof English

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation’sgreattraditions:theSundayroast. 1 acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan 2 it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis 3 shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure 4 todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has 5 apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked 6 hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould 7 crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly 8 toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice? 9 studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno 10 evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis 11 tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof. 12 theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis 13 tofollowtheFSAadvice. 14 ,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea 15 .

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.

1.[A]In

[B]Towards

[C]On

[D]Till

2.[A]match

[B]express

[C]satisfy

[D]influence

-2-

[A]patience

[A]intensified5.[A]issued

[B]enjoyment

[B]privileged

[B]received

[C]surprise

[C]compelled

[C]compelled

[D]concern

[D]guaranteed

[D]guaranteed

6.[A]under

[B]at

[C]for

[D]by

7.[A]forget

[B]regret

[C]finish

[D]avoid

8.[A]partially

[B]regular

[C]easily

[D]initially

9.[A]Unless

[B]Since

[C]If

[D]While

10.[A]secondary

[B]external

[C]conclusive

[D]negative

11.[A]insufficient

[B]bound

[C]likely

[D]slow

12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]Asusual [B]Inparticular [C]Bydefinition [D]Afterall15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used

17.[A]Tobefair [B]Forinstance [C]Tobebrief [D]Ingeneral18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully

19.[A]

promise

[B]

experience

[C]campaign

[D]

competition

20.[A]

followup

[B]

pickup

[C]openup

[D]

endup

-3-

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017,andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollowvillageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandwashesoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

-4-

A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown’

speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeople.JeremyWright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andturnitintoaction.

Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould

consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

promotecooperation-amongBritain’stowns.

increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.

focusBritain’slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas

asensiblecompromise.

aself-deceivingattempt.

aneye-catchingbonus.

aninaccessibletarget.

Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

endeavourstomaintainitsimage.

meetstheaspirationofitspeople.

bringsitslocalartstoprominence.

commitstoitslong-termgrowth.

GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent

acontrastingcase.

asupportingexample.

-5-

[C]abackgroundstory.

[D]arelatedtopic.

Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?

Skeptical.

Objective.

Favourable.

Critical.

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperationsatatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselves

-6-

legallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersand

mustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofprepringanarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethatpublishersdoit.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.

Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause

itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

revivedthepublishingindustry.

-7-

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

Relieved.

Puzzled.

Concerned.

Encouraged.

ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthescientificpublishingmodel?

Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

Costsarewellcontrolled.

Thefewfeedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

-8-

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouse

SpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure“genderparity”onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan“important”policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof“equalprotection”.

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa“goldenskirt”phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

-9-

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,

rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill

helplittletoreducegenderbias.

poseathreattothestategovernment.

raisewomen’spositioninpolitics.

greatlybroadencareeroptions.

WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate

theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.

theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.

thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.

theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.

Norway’sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto

theunderestimationofelitewomen’srole.

theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.

-10-

[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.

[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

Women’sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.

Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

Text4

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa“GAFAtax,”meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUnitedStatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichintumcouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.

Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.TheyhaveincludedBritain’sDPT.(divertedprofitstax),Australia’sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia’sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropean

-11-

Union,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplated

digitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France’splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto

regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.

protectFrenchcompanies’interests.

imposealevyontechmultinationals.

curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.

ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax

maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.

isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad.

aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions.

-12-

[D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.

Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat

redistributionoftechgiants’revenuemustbeensured.

thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading.

techmultinationals’monopolyshouldbeprevented.

allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.

ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thattheOECD’scurrentwork

isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.

needstobereadjustedimmediately.

isfacedwithuncertainprospects.

needstoininvolvemorecountries.

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

FranceSays“NO”toTechMultinationals

FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

-13-

[A]Eyefixationsarebrief

Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here’swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

41.

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother’seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone’sattentioninacrowdedroom,“Eyecontactandsmile”cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

42.

NeuroscientistBonnieAuyeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specific

43.

-13-

-14-

brainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,

usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it’smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.“Whetheryou’reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou’retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,”saidMinson.

44.

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

45.

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues“Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer.”Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighlyfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

-15-

PartCDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.(46)withtheChurch’steachingsandwaysofthinkingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridgedleadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.(47)Beforeeachoftheirrevelationsmanythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatalloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresyandanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.

(48)DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtosuppress.thisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmadeataratethatthepeoplecouldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.

TheChurch’slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostof17thcentury.(49)Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld,theRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity,Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.(50)Suchactionstoseekknowledge

-16-

andtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase

‘sapereaude’or‘daretoknow’,afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?.Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

SectionIIIWritingPartA

Directions:

TheStudentsUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsaboutanupcomingsingingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownnameinthenotice.(10points)

PartB

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould

describethepicturebriefly,

interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

-17-

-18-

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

1.选C。解析：本题考查固定搭配。当表示在具体的一天时，应用介词On，所以选C。

2.选A。解析：本题考查语义理解。在寒冷的冬日里，没有什么美食能比得上它。Match表示“与...匹配，比得上”，故选A。

3.选C。解析：上句中提到pleasures，因此，此处应该承接上句的语义，this后面接的应该是跟pleasures相同的意思，所以选enjoyment。

4.选D。解析：beguaranteedtodo，表示必然会。这里beguaranteedtodamageour

health是guiltypleasure的后置定语。

5.选A。解析：本题考查语义理解。issued表示发表，发布。原文提到，食品标准管理局发布一项公开的警告，语义顺畅。

6.选B。解析：本题考查介词搭配。在高温中应该为“athightemperatures”，所以选B。

7.选D。解析：本题考查逻辑理解。由上文可知，在高温里炙烤的食物会有化学复合物，有害健康。所以，下文的意思是，人们应该避免炸土豆，故avoid正确。

8.选A。解析：本题考查语义理解。前文说人们应该避免吃炸土豆，薄皮披萨或者只是()烤面包。Partially意思是部分地，偶尔地最符合提议，故选A。

9.选D。解析：此处考察逻辑理解。文章说，...研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，

while表示“虽然，尽管”。而Unless表示除非;Since表示因为，If表示如果均与文义不符。

10.选C。解析：由文义可知，研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有确凿的证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。Conclusive意思为决定性的;确凿的。

11.选C。解析：本题考查固定搭配和语义理解。belikelyto意思是可能。科学家说，这种化合物可能导致癌症，但没有确凿的科学证据。

12.选A。解析：本题考查短语搭配。Onthebasisof以...为基础，根据，按照之意。

-19-

13.选B。解析：本题考查词义辨析。根据预防性原则，可以说遵循FSA的建议是明智的。

Advisable意为明智的，可取的。其他选项不符合文义。

14.选D。解析：本题考查逻辑关系。原文中上一句说“基于‘预防原则’，可以认为最好遵循FSA的建议”。本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。Afterall毕竟，只有Afterall符合文义。

15.选C。解析：结合语境和句子成分理解，这里指证明出吸烟和肺癌有联系，故选择

connection，其他选项与文义不符。

16.选B。解析：本题考察主谓搭配。servedup表示“上菜，端上”，。“毫无疑问，一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起端上”，符合文义。其他选项不符。

17.选A。解析：本题考察行文逻辑，上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗?”本句话说，

“英FSA表示，它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品”，后文未对上文进行举例(forinstance)或总结(Tobebrief)或表示经常发生的事情(ingeneral)，而是顺承关系，故选Tobefair。

18.选B。解析：本句话句意为“说句公道话，英FSA并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品

18”。结合文义可知，FSA并没有让人们完全不吃烘烤食物：只有entirely最符合文义。

19.选C。解析：本题考察主谓搭配。根据原文语境“然而，他们的活动冒了一种风险”，

campaign表示“运动，活动”，最符文义。

20.选D。解析：考察动宾搭配，这里意思是：“持续的健康恐慌20却没有人在听。”这里想说的是“对健康的恐慌的最终结果”，只有endup有“结束，以...告终”的意思，所以选择，其他选项不符合文义。

SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartA

Text1

21.选C。解析：21题考查细节。题干问，Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould，意思是Cooper和他的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样。定位到原文第一段第三句：“Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethat……”。这句的意思是：库珀和她的同事认为，赫尔市成功摘得“文化之城”的桂冠，为其带来了2.2亿英镑的投资和大量的艺术作品，而此奖的获得不该局限于大城市。诚然，英国的城镇并未被阻止申请“文化之城”，但城镇普遍缺乏资源来组织竞标，以击败更强大的竞争对手。人们

-20-

认为，“文化小镇奖”可以成为一项年度